Repository der Technischen Hochschule Ingolstadt
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Gesundheitstourismus – Die Rolle von Reisebüros
No full textHauptziel dieser Studie ist es, herauszufinden, wie bedeutend Reiseveranstalter und Reisebüros als Absatzmittler im Gesundheitstourismus sind. Dazu wird zunächst dargestellt, welche Eigenschaften Gesundheitsreisebüros generell charakterisieren. Danach wird analysiert, welche Faktoren den Grad der Spezialisierung auf Gesundheitsreisen erfolgreich beeinflussen können. Diese Studie basiert auf einer quantitativen Online-Befragung mit 73 Gesundheitsreisebüros. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurde eine Tobit Regression und zur Absicherung der Ergebnisse eine Probit Regression zur Anwendung gebracht. In der Untersuchung konnte der signifikante Einfluss der Anzahl an geschulten Mitarbeitern sowie der Einsatz des Kommunikationsmediums Onlinewerbung auf den Grad der Spezialisierung auf Gesundheitsreisen nachgewiesen werden. Die Anzahl an geschulten Mitarbeitern weist außerdem auch einen noch stärkeren positiven Effekt auf den subjektiv empfundenen Verkaufserfolg auf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Reisebüros von Mitarbeitern profitieren können, die auf Gesundheitsreisen spezialisiert sind
Prediction and Optimization Techniques for Performance Enhancement of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks
No full textOptimizing long-term investments for a sustainable development of the ASEAN power system
No full textEvaluation of Calendar Aging in Cells with Graphite: Silicon Anode Using Float Current Analysis Under the Influence of Voltage Hysteresis
No full textThis study investigates the calendar aging of lithium-ion batteries with graphite-silicon anodes using float current analysis. While float current analysis is already a proven method for assessing aging in cells with graphite-based anodes, the presence of silicon introduces additional complexities due to its voltage hysteresis. We address this by comparing the results for the scaling factor separately for charge and discharge. The scaling factor is initially derived from charge and discharge GITT measurements on fresh cells, including an aging-induced shift among both electrode curves. This approach enables quantification of SEI growth ISEI growth, and cathode lithiation current ICL bridging measured results for float currents with capacity loss rate. As a result, the scaling factor during charge delivered the most meaningful results regarding fitted aging currents. By extending the estimation method based on the Arrhenius equation across temperatures from 5 °C to 50 °C, our model is validated against measured float currents, improving the predictive accuracy of long-term aging trends in silicon-containing anodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provided further insights into degradation mechanisms, revealing a strong correlation between cathode lithiation by salt decomposition and resistance increase at high voltages (⩾4.15 V), confirmed by pulse tests at 100% SOC showing a sharp resistance increase at
elevated voltages
Impact of Adverse Weather on Road Safety: A Survey of Test Methods for Enhancing Safety of Automated Vehicles and Sensor Robustness in Challenging Environmental Conditions
No full textAdverse weather conditions can significantly affect environmental sensors and reduce the ability of automated vehicles to interpret the environment. This can lead to the failure of driving and safety functions. To validate and increase the robustness of these, several adverse weather test methods have been introduced in recent years. The survey first gives an overview of the current traffic and accident analysis with a focus on adverse weather influences to assess the most relevant weather phenomena. Overall, rain and glare are the statistically most important adverse weather phenomena in terms of accidents. Heavy fog is rare but can cause very serious accidents. In a second step, meteorological knowledge is incorporated and the key environmental indicators for the respective weather conditions are determined, particularly taking the environmental sensor characteristics into account. Both sets of information are then utilized to provide a qualified overview of simulative and physical test methods used to reproduce critical adverse weather situations. These methods are employed to investigate the disturbance effects of inclement weather on sensors and to test the robustness of automated vehicles. The paper reveals that various approaches are used to reproduce weather effects and that test methods, each with different advantages and disadvantages, have been developed to varying degrees depending on the type of the weather phenomena. Overall, this review integrates perspectives from road safety research, meteorology, and testing methodologies to provide new insights into the validation of automated driving systems in challenging weather conditions
Evaluation of the vehicle behaviour when not responding to the take-over request of Tesla Autopilot and Volkswagen Travel Assist
No full textIn this work, driving tests were carried out with a Tesla Model 3 and VW ID.4. During the tests, the vehicles were controlled by an SAE Level 2 system (Tesla Autopilot and VW Travel Assist). The study aimed to investigate the behaviour of the vehicles when the driver does not react to the take-over request of the vehicle while it is in a non-critical driving situation. The aim was to clarify whether this can lead to accidents from a purely technical point of view and whether there is still room for improvement. As a result, it could be determined that a non-reaction of the driver to the take-over request leads to system-initiated braking decelerations, which can lead to a rear-end collision by the following traffic. Furthermore, secondary accidents are possible if the driver fails to act as a fallback. This could be reduced by improving the applicable UNECE standard R79 by specifying deceleration values for this case. In addition, the risk of an accident could be reduced by decelerating earlier and warning the environment. For this purpose, a driver monitoring system would also be recommended to allow situational decisions by the system. The implementation of the measures proposed could result in a significant increase in road safety while using these systems
3D-CFD-Based optimization of piston Geometry, injector nozzle Design, and injection strategy for the alternative diesel fuel Oxymethylene ether (OME)
No full textOxymethylene ethers (OMEs) represent a promising alternative to conventional diesel fuels, offering carbon–neutral mobility and soot-free combustion due to the absence of carbon–carbon bonds. This prevents the soot-NOx trade-off. Moreover, an OME-adapted and optimized combustion process offers the opportunity to improve engine efficiency while simultaneously reducing NOx emissions, thus addressing the existing efficiency-NOx trade-off. Realizing this potential necessitates tailoring the mixture preparation and combustion process to the unique characteristics of OME. This study explores the optimization of piston geometry, injector nozzle design, and injection strategies to leverage OME’s unique properties for improved engine performance. Using 3D-CFD simulations with the CONVERGE software, key parameters such as nozzle diameter, spray angle, and piston bowl shape are analyzed for their impact on efficiency and emissions. The results highlight that wider piston bowl geometries enhance indicated efficiency, while larger nozzle diameters improve combustion efficiency due to reduced combustion durations. Smaller spray angles effectively lower NOx emissions but introduce challenges such as piston wetting and localized temperature peaks. The study also confirms that pilot injection does not benefit OME operation, simplifying injection system requirements. These findings underline the need for tailored engine designs to fully exploit OME’s potential as a sustainable fuel. The proposed configurations pave the way for further experimental validation and practical implementation in internal combustion engines, contributing to the global transition toward low-carbon transport systems
The trust–NPS correlation: The role of trust in promoting customer loyalty in Swiss financial institutions
No full textThe Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a widely used key performance indicator (KPI) for measuring customer loyalty and guiding customer-centric strategies. While customer trust has been identified as an important influencing factor for NPS, existing research treats trust as a unidimensional construct, leaving the specific trust components that drive customer loyalty behaviors largely unexplored. This study addresses this theoretical gap by examining the relationship between various trust components and NPS in the financial services sector. A survey of 1,370 Swiss consumers assessed trust across ten theoretically-derived dimensions alongside their NPS ratings for five financial service companies. Employing median-split analysis, results demonstrate that high customer trust is associated with a significantly higher NPS (+36.5) compared to low trust (−68.6). Critically, quantile regression analysis revealed heterogeneous effects of trust components across different NPS distribution levels, with ability, experience, and reputation showing consistent positive effects across all quantiles. In contrast, joint interests and continuity emerged as relevant only at higher NPS quantiles, while reciprocity proved significant exclusively at the 25th percentile, demonstrating that distinct trust determinants become salient depending on customers’ advocacy levels. These findings challenge prevailing theoretical assumptions about customer trust’s homogeneous influence on customer loyalty, revealing instead a differentiated pattern of trust component effects. The study advances trust theory by demonstrating that trust dimensions not only vary in their influence on customer advocacy behaviors but also exhibit different effect patterns across the NPS distribution, contradicting assumptions of uniform trust impact on loyalty outcomes. The results indicate that NPS optimization requires strategic focus on specific trust dimensions, particularly those demonstrating consistent positive associations across quantile levels. This research contributes novel theoretical insights into the conditional trust-loyalty relationship while providing empirically-grounded guidance for customer-centric business strategies