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    1076 research outputs found

    Development of an ESI-MS/MS-based method for the quantification of acylcarnitines in murine tissue

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    Acylcarnitines serve as transporters of activated fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation - the major source of the cell’s energy and are considered as indicative markers for various metabolic disorders. The investigation of acylcarnitines in cell and tissue samples is a particularly complicated task due to their low abundance and high heterogeneity. This requires applications of sophisticated lipid separation methods. The purpose of this work was the development of an ESI-MS/MS method for the quantification of acylcarnitines with high specificity and reliability for the identification of low abundant acylcarnitine species in complex samples. General aspects of acylcarnitine analysis, including several types of solid-phase extraction, and derivatization with liquid extraction were investigated using commercially available acylcarnitine standards. The established experimental workflows, including an optimized cation-exchange extraction and derivatization with liquid extraction, were successfully applied to quantify acylcarnitine species in samples of biological origin. Consequently, murine brain tissue samples were quantitatively analyzed using two extraction procedures. The method developed in the study can be used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of acylcarnitines in different biological samples

    An optimization approach for the distribution logistics using the example of the Vital Centrum Hodey KG

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    This thesis analyses how the Travelling Salesman Problem can be solved by applying the Simplex LP and the Evolutionary Algorithm with regards to driven kilometres. Each algorithm is solved by using the Excel Solver add-in provided by Microsoft Excel. The results of the two different algorithms are compared with the results of the route planning software PTV Map&Guide Online for the purpose of having a proof that the software works efficiently. Using a cost analysis, the costs for delivering goods are calculated and compared with an external supplier who acted as the outbound logistics for the company HODEY. Now that the delivery is insourced, the costs can be reduced and HODEY gains more control over the outbound logistics. An approach on how to reduce the stop times at the customers’ homes is analysed. Thus, the analysis provides information regarding where the delivery driver wastes most of their time. Additionally, an available space calculation of the delivery vehicles is carried out for the dispatching department of the company to avoid interim loading or unloading not planned for a delivery or retrieval tou

    Regulation of dendritic migration in response to BCG

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    As tuberculosis is still the number one leading cause of death in humans due to a single infectious agent, prevention of infection is a key tactic in fighting it. Even though the vaccine BCG exists for tuberculosis since the beginning of the 20thcen-tury, it lacks efficacy and does not provide sustainable protection. An important step to develop a long-term immunity is the expansion of antigen-specific T cells in the lymph node. For T-cell priming to occur, the pathogen and/or its antigen has to be transported from the site of infection to the T-cell zone of the draining lymph node. This step is done by migratory Dendritic cells (DCs). DCs reside as sentinels in tis-sue, where after pathogen encounter, internalize the pathogen, process its antigens and migrate to the draining lymph node. Using a modified protocol, developed by Bollampali et al. (2015), during a previous study done Dr. Rothfuchs team, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the migration of DCs after injection of BCG. For this we injected mice with different inhibitors and recep-tor antagonists. It is worth mentioning that in a yet unpublished previous work we in-hibited the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 systemically, using indomethacin, and showed a decreased number of DCs migrating to the draining popliteal lymph node after BCG in-jection compared to mice not injected with the inhibitor. Following our experiment, we decided to investigate the receptors of one of the down-stream products of COX, PGE2 and the corresponding receptors EP2 and EP4. Based on other studies two of the four receptors of PGE2, EP2 and EP4, are important for the mi-gration of DCs. We then injected mice with antagonists for these two either separate or simultaneously. Even though their affinities and the sustainability of the reaction caus-ing PGE2signalling are different, both receptors were able to compensate for each other, but a decreased number of DCs were found in the lymph node when both antagonists were injected. This and the results of the COX inhibition suggest a role for PGE2 on DC migration. Based on these results we decided to look at MMP-9, a molecule regulated by PGE2 sig-nalling. However, inhibition of MMP-9 in our model did not impact on DC migration. It is unclear if treatment with the MMP-9 inhibitor used failed or if MMP-9 is indeed not important in BCG-triggered DC migration. In conclusion in this thesis we show a role for EP2 and EP4 on DC migration after BCG injection but failed to show the same for MMP-9

    Versammlungsfreiheit in der Verfassung

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    Die Versammlungsfreiheit und ihre Rechte. Folgend auch die Auswirkungen der Versammlungsfreiheit während der Covid-19 Pandemie

    Modellierung von Ertrag und Wassergehalt von Bienenhonig aus meteorologischen und geographischen Parametern

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    Die Witterung nimmt Einfluss auf Volkentwicklung, Ausmaß des Befalls mit Varroamilben (V. destructor) und Überwinterungserfolg von Bienenvölkern, sowie auf die Blüte nektarsekretierender Pflanzen. Inwiefern der Honigertrag pro Bienenvolk und der relative Wassergehalt des Honigs in Deutschland davon betroffen sind, ist weitestgehend unbekannt. Jährliche (2012 - 2019) und saisonale (Früh- und Spättracht) Schwankungen im Ertrag und Wassergehalt wurden mittels Varianzanalyse (ANOVA) und Multivariater Varianzanalyse (MANOVA) nachgewiesen. Ebenso wurde eine Abnahme der Erträge pro Volk der jährlichen Frühtrachternten und eine Zunahme der Erträge der Sommertrachternten 2018 und 2019 in zunehmender Höhenlage gefunden. Unterschiede zwischen Jahren, Trachten und Höhenlagen konnten durch Recherche auf Witterungsverhältnisse zurückgeführt werden. Besonders Niederschlag, Solarstrahlung und Temperatur wirken sich in erster Linie auf das Sammelverhalten der Bienen und damit auf den Ertrag aus. Dabei stieg der Ertrag pro Volk bei höherer Solarstrahlung und Temperatur, wohingegen er bei hohen Niederschlagsmengen geringer ausfiel. Des Weiteren sind jährliche Schwankungen im Wassergehalt gegenläufig zu denen des Ertrags. Bienenvolk bezogene Erträge in Großstädten fallen im Durchschnitt höher aus. Dies konnte auf ein vielfältigeres Nahrungsangebot in Städten zurückgeführt werden

    Welchen Einfluss haben Foodsharing-Apps auf das Ausmaß der Lebensmittelverschwendung?

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    Entlang der gesamten Lebensmittelwertschöpfungskette fallen Nahrungsmittelabfälle an. Die Vereinten Nationen haben mit der Agenda 2030 zu verschiedenen Nachhaltigkeitszielen aufgerufen, unter anderem die globale Lebensmittelverschwendung bis 2030 zu halbieren. Deutschland hat sich diesem Ziel mit einer nationalen Strategie zur Reduzierung der Lebensmittelabfälle angenommen. (Deutscher Bundestag 2019) Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, zu untersuchen, ob Foodsharing-Apps einen signifikanten Anteil leisten, um die nationalen Lebensmittelabfälle zu verringern. Dazu wird die folgende Forschungsfrage gestellt: Welchen Einfluss haben Foodsharing-Apps auf das Ausmaß der Lebensmittelverschwendung? Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, sind drei qualitative Interviews mit Experten verschiedener Unternehmen durchgeführt worden, die eine langwierige Zusammenarbeit mit der Foodsharing-App „Too Good To Go“ nachweisen können. Die Ergebnisse geben Aufschluss darüber, welchen individuellen Stellenwert die Lebensmittelvergeudung sowohl für den Endverbraucher, als auch für die teilnehmenden Betriebe hat und welchen Einfluss Foodsharing-Apps dabei einnehmen

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