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What Marketing Strategies Are Used in the Shipping Industry?
No full textThis work is dedicated to marketing strategies used in the shipping industry. During a collection of current data about the strategies of four maritime companies from Germany, Sweden, Russia and Turkey, an empirical study with a qualitative research method of one-on-one interviews was applied. The results of the work demonstrate an active use of both traditional and digital marketing strategies such as direct mail, printed media in a form of catalogues and magazines, telemarketing, trade shows, sales promotions, face-to-face communication, email marketing, website, SEM (Search Engine Marketing), SMM (Social Media Marketing), blogging and video marketing in all the interviewed enterprises. Brand creation is important in the shipping industry and is the main reason for an implementation of marketing strategies by maritime firms due to a great amount of advantages a strong brand brings. When measuring the effectiveness of the success of implied marketing strategies, non-financial metrics are more important for shipping firms than the financial ones due to their ability to measure some elements that are related to both a brand and a shipping enterprise such as market share, customer counts, take rate, churn rate, retention rate, customer satisfaction, occupancy of a shipping enterprise with orders, delivery time and variation order
Alternative Performance Measures in Board Compensation - Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Investigation of German DAX Companies
No full textThis work investigates in how far Alternative Performance Measures (APM) are suitable to serve as the benchmark for achievement of financial targets by board members of stock-listed companies. Therefore, the concept of board compensation is outlined, the phenomenon of APM is defined, and the main points of scholarly interest in both subject areas are addressed. Through reviewing existing literature that investigates the use of APM within board compensation systems, the rationale for their use and the associated (dis-)advantages are determined. It is shown that the use of APM in board compensation can lead to greater alignment between board members and shareholders’ interests, in-crease sensitivity of pay to performance, and improve the information content of APM published elsewhere. However, using APM can also lead to excessive pay, which may be a result of managerial opportunism. Strong corporate governance mechanisms ap-pear to be relevant for ensuring an appropriate use of APM in compensation systems. The use of APM within board compensation schemes of large German stock-listed com-panies in the fiscal year 2019 is investigated empirically. The relevance of such measures is found to be high, and they determine a large portion of total variable pay. The specific APM used within compensation schemes and those disclosed in annual reports are partially divergent, especially when it comes to growth-related, capital effi-ciency-related, and capital structure-related measures. Nonetheless, APM used in com-pensation systems are identified as a subgroup of APM disclosed in the annual report
Die Mediengrundrechte des Art. 5 GG in der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
No full textIn diesem Arbeitspapier, das an der Fakultät für Kommunikation und Umwelt der Hochschule Rhein-Waal entstanden ist, werden die juristischen Grundlagen und aktuelle Fälle der Rechtsprechung erörtert und mit genauen Quellenangaben versehen
Between LGBTTIQ-support and heteronormativity: Constructions of nor-mality inside a school LGBTTIQ-support project in Germany
No full textHow does heteronormativity become visible within the discourse of LGBTTIQ-support activists at the school? Using data from non-moderated group discussions among schoolchildren aged between 14 and 18, who were involved in LGBTTIQ support projects in different schools within the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, the article reconstructs how concepts of norms and normality, heteronormativity, difference and otherness are being articulated by the students. A sequential analysis of the group discussions is used to detect the meaning of norms and normality with respect to LGBTTIQ identities, to highlight the way in which LGBTTIQ-supporters are constantly being subjected to this discourse. Simul-taneously it detects a concealed conflict between the goal setting of LGBTTIQ support and heteronormative discourse. The paper underlines the mechanisms of problematizing LGBTTIQ-identities by students and framing them as non-normality, thus showing the power of heteronormative discourse, the very discourse young LGBTTIQ-supporters are trapped in and trying to cope with
12/2021 Erste Änderungssatzung zur Prüfungsordnung für den Masterstudiengang Usability Engineering der Fakultät Kommunikation und Umwelt an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal
No full text19/2021 Erneute Verschiebung der Wahlen zu den Gremien der Studierendenschaft der Hochschule Rhein-Waal
No full text20/2021 Zweite Änderungssatzung zur Prüfungsordnung vom 10.04.2019, amtliche Bekanntmachung Nr.32/2019, für den Bachelorstudiengang Verwaltungsinformatik – E-Government der Fakultät Kommunikation und Umwelt der Hochschule Rhein-Waal
No full text24/2021 Zwölfte Änderungssatzung zur Beitragsordnung der Studierendenschaft der Hochschule Rhein-Waal
No full textMaterial uses of nut and other fruit shells
No full textThis review paper focused on the potential uses of nut and fruit shells. Based on the information from several kinds of literature, the composition of nut and fruit shells were studied, and the shells demonstrated the possibility to produce a wide range of materials such as bio-adsorbent like activated carbon; construction materials like concrete block, earth block, bricks, cement, etc.; and bio-composites like WPC, bio-plastic, etc. Besides these antimicrobials, drugs, insecticides, nanoparticles, and impact-resistant materials could be prepared from nut and fruit shells. Moreover, the production process for these materials was explained in the later part of the paper. Also, the yield, cost, and performance of materials prepared from nut and fruit shells were discussed and found that some of the products were as good as commercially available materials. The environmental impact being one of the important parts, materials from nut and fruit shells had a beneficial impact on nature. However, the entire life cycle assessment suggested that better techniques are required to attain a lower negative impact on the ecosystem. Since nut and fruit shells were the easy and low-cost raw material, they had a greater chance of replacing other expensive, non-environment-friendly raw materials and their products. Overall, this research shed light on the material use of nut and fruit shells along with its benefits; production process; material yield, cost, and performance; with possible implications and recommendations that can lead to better utilization of biological resources
Vertrauen in Künstliche Intelligenz am Beispiel des automatisierten Fahrens
No full textAls ein Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz erfährt automatisiertes Fahren immer mehr praktische Anwendung. Eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen des automatisierten Fahrens ist die Entwicklung des Vertrauens der Fahrenden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll ein Verständnis darüber schaffen, wie sich dieses Vertrauen erhöhen kann. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Wirkung anthropomorpher Eigenschaften des Fahrzeugs sowie auf der individuellen Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, im Zusammenhang mit dem Vertrauen in automatisiertes Fahren. Innerhalb eines quantitativen Forschungsdesigns wird mit Hilfe einer onlinebasierten Umfrage das Vertrauen von insgesamt 134 Personen befragt. Eingeteilt werden diese in eine Kontrollgruppe mit 69 Personen und eine Experimentalgruppe mit 65 Personen. Zuerst wird die Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, getestet. Im Anschluss werden vier ausgewählte Einsatzszenarien des vollautomatisierten Fahrens beschrieben und das jeweilige Vertrauen in diese befragt. In der vorliegenden Studie zeigt die Auswertung der Umfrage, dass anthropomorphe Eigenschaften des Fahrzeugs zu keiner Erhöhung des Vertrauens führen. Der Zusammenhang einer allgemein höheren Neigung, Maschinen zu vertrauen, kann hingegen mit dem Vertrauen in automatisierte Fahrzeuge festgestellt werden. Deutlich wird, dass nicht nur das automatisierte Fahrzeug, sondern auch der*die Fahrende selbst bei der Erhöhung des Vertrauens in automatisiertes Fahren eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Zudem lassen die Ergebnisse auf die wichtige Relevanz von bisherigen Theorien zum Mensch-Maschinen-Vertrauen schließen, die auch beim Vertrauen in Künstliche Intelligenz fokussiert werden sollten