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The impact of light on the activity of PLP-dependent enzymes
No full textEnzymes are important biological catalyst with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Among the different classes of enzymes, PLP-dependent enzymes are of special interest for industrial biocatalysis due to their wide range of applications. As it is known, that the cofactor PLP is instable under light exposure, the aim of this thesis was to investigate, whether this affects the activity of PLP-dependent enzymes. Therefore, six PLP-dependent enzymes consisting of four amine transaminases from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv2025), Vibrio fluvialis (VfTA), Bacillus megaterium (BmTA), and an eleven rounds mutated Arthrobacter sp. (AsTAmut11) and two lysine decarboxylases from Escherichia coli (EcLDC) and Selenomonas ruminantium (SrLDC) were analyzed in different natural and artificial light setups. Cv2025, BmTA, and SrLDC have approximately 40%, 30%, and 50% reduced activity in the light compared to dark condition respectively. EcLDC shows highest inactivation of about 90%. VfTA is stable in HEPES buffer but has 50% inactivation in TRIS and KPi buffer. AsTAmut11 is a special case, where there is no inactivation seen in light condition, but the enzyme gains about 30% and more activity over the course of 6 h. This was seen in the dark and light condition. Conclusively, not only light itself effects the enzyme activity, but also the reaction conditions in combination with the light. The whole study proves, that it can be of immense importance to protect some PLP-dependent enzymes from light. Not only during the reaction, but also during the purification procedure. To mediate proper analysis of LDCs, a new photometric assay was developed using the indicator p� nitrophenol, in contrast to the available work intensive HPLC analysis. This indicator covers pH range from 6 to higher than 8 and enables sensitive analysis of cadaverine concentration with high sensitivity below 1 mM. With optimized photometric cadaverine calibration, the photometric assay is a reasonable alternative to HPLC based analysis
Solem Sunshade System
No full textThis project completed the design of a portable and adaptive sunshade with automated sun movement compensation that emulates the sun’s natural path throughout the day. The design concept comprises of a closed loop feedback control system where light dependent resistors will be utilized as sensory components sending a microcontroller feedback signals containing information regarding the sun ́s light incident intensity. If the sun ́s light intensity decreases from a pre-specified intensity value, the microcontroller will send a signal to the relevant motor, adjusting the position of the sunshade. Two separate poles will control the movement of the sunshade. The lower pole is fixed and inserted inside a plate, rotating around its own axis dictated by a stepper motor, hence allowing rotation that follows the sun ́s natural azimuth angle. The upper pole is connected to the lower pole through a pin joint and will follow the sun ́s natural elevation angle dictated by a second stepper motor. Aluminium Alloy 6061 was chosen as our pole material due to its relatively high strength to weight ratio in addition to its durability, consequently achieving the desired portability and long lifespan of the product. Assessments conducted throughout this project proved the material’s ability to support the design structure and external loads subject to it. The structure will be foldable and be conveniently carried with a multifunction bag with simple installation steps to make the product user friendly. Initially the product will be tested in Germany and if met with success, will further expand to global markets located in coastal regions. The estimated total price for one unit is 914.99 euros. Our product pitch, design concept, and features are presented in an audio-visual format and is awarded the Science Communication ‘Gold Leaf Prize’ for an outstanding online video presentation on July 6th, 2021 in the category of ‘Audience Choice’
Formulation of Π-Π Stacking Stabilized Polymeric Micelles Co-loaded with Chemotherapeutics and Corticosteroids
No full textCancer is a complex and lethal disease, based on uncontrolled and malignant growths. Conventional therapies like radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy are used to treat cancer. However, and despite being one of the most employed ones, many chemotherapeutic drugs show several drawbacks, such as. low solubility, side-effects, and low accumulation within the cancerous tissue. Drug delivery systems like polymeric micelles can be employed to overcome these problems. Additionally, due to the heterogeneity of the tumour microenvironment, the consistency of these nano-therapies varies. Which can be traced back to heterogeneity in the efficiency of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Therefore, corticosteroids are also used in conjunction with chemotherapeutics to increase the nanoparticle accumulation within the cancerous tissue. mPEG-bp(HPMA-Bz) based Π-Π stacking stabilized polymeric micelles have shown great potential for encapsulating paclitaxel, one of the leading anticancer drugs. Furthermore, preliminary studies show potential for co-loading these micelles with corticosteroids like dexamethasone and paclitaxel. Based on these premises, this work focused on exploring the first steps towards the manufacturing process of the ΠΠ stacking mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) based micelles to set up the basis for future clinical transition. This was done by introducing continuous production via microfluidics and increasing the shelf-life via either cold chain or lyophilization. Results showed that microfluidics can reproduce the physicochemical properties and drug retention capabilities of Π-Π stacking polymeric micelles loaded with paclitaxel. Furthermore, the preliminary evaluation pointed that the characteristics of these polymeric micelles might be able to be tuned by increasing the flow rate of the aqueous and organic phase and the polymer concentration. Besides, the cold chain procedure can be used to preserve the micelles with minor changes to the physicochemical properties of the polymeric micelles, when PEG2k (5 wt%) is added. A framework for further studies on the lyophilization has been established and a mixture of PEG2k and sucrose has been able to reduce the size increase after lyophilization from 10.2-fold to 1.2-fold. Even though it is not optimized, these results set the framework for the manufacturing and storage of Π-Π mPEG-b-p(HPMA-Bz) based polymeric micelles
Empowered as Community, Disempowered as Parents? Factors of Success for Decisions and Forms of LGBTIQ*-Parenthood.
No full textIn a cis-heteronormative society, LGBTIQ*-people learn to negotiate lacks of legal and social equality. Their experiences might also serve as an expertise when negotiating LGBTIQ*-parenthood. In this research, episodic interviews with LGBTIQ*-people living and working in the field of LGBTIQ*-parenthood in Germany were conducted. The findings of the thematic qualitative text analysis suggest that empowering ways to handle scripts of parenthood are probably linked to empowering ways to handle scripts of sexual and gender identities the participants have developed before. Communities and exchange are crucial for accessing and applying the available strategies, notably handling normative scripts with different scripts than predominantly legitimizing their power to disempower. The possibility of making such changes within an existing societal system that still disempowers due to inequalities and disadvantages does not imply any specifications in regards to the way that individuals perform their ways of parenthood. Yet, counselling, activism and research might gain from understanding that scripting disempowering scripts about LGBTIQ*-parenthood as basically effective and legitimate might rather impede than support the transfer of the strengthening factors for becoming and being parents. A society where traditional family models and care work are subjects of change might instead benefit from nonnormative people with their expertise of negotiating norms
36/2021 Ordnung zur Kompensation der Folgen der Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-Epidemie für Studium und Lehre an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal
No full text2/2021 Vierte Änderungssatzung zur Ordnung zur Kompensation der Folgen der Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-Epidemie für Studium und Lehre an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal
No full textBiodiversity changes in vegetation and insects following the creation of a wildflower strip: A Case Study
No full textWith the Global Climate Change, the loss of biodiversity is one of the most current and biggest crises of today and the future. The loss i.e., the decrease of biodiversity, does not only have negative effects on vegetation and animals, but also on humans. If nature is doing well, people are doing well. In order to counteract the loss, this bachelor thesis attempts to increase plant and insect biodiversity at a specific location with insect-friendly seed mixtures and by measuring the change using comparison areas. Accordingly, the two research questions were addressed:
(1) "How does plant-biodiversity change in the backyard and front yard on the seed mixture plot compared to plant-biodiversity in the backyard and front yard next to the seed mixture plot?" and (2) "How does insect-biodiversity change in the backyard and front yard on the seed mixture plot compared to insect-biodiversity in the backyard and front yard next to the seed mixture plot?"
To answer these research questions and to obtain more suitable data, a wildflower strip was established in the backyard and one in the front yard, each with an adjacent reference field, to ensure equal environmental conditions and to detect changes in flora and fauna. Plants and insects were observed and documented during the flowering period in order to determine differences in biodiversity sizes afterwards. The comparison of the different biodiversity sizes shows that an increase in insect and plant biodiversity can be achieved by planting insect-friendly wildflower strips. As the increase of plant biodiversity also leads to the increase of insect biodiversity. Further research in the field of biodiversity enhancement could be done by collecting more measurement points of the coefficients at additional locations to extend the data set and to improve the applied method of this bachelor thesis. Also, the recordings could be repeated over a longer time period of several years
Zugang zum Recht im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung
No full textWas bedeutet Zugang zum Recht?
Wie kann und muss dieser durch moderne Technologie, vor allem Informationstechnik, weiterentwickelt werden?
Werden unsere Richter bald durch Roboter ersetzt?
Dieser Essay bietet einen kurzen Überblick bzgl. E-Justice, Legal Tech und co., welcher LeserInnen hoffentlich zur weiteren Recherche anregt
History and best practice of the standard for quality management systems DIN EN ISO 9001: 2015
No full textThe History and best practice of the standard for quality management systems DIN EN ISO 9001: 201
