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    1076 research outputs found

    Development and control of G32 smart gas burner system

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    Household appliances such as ovens and washing machines are essential in every household, to make it safe for potential users, the machine must be tested under extreme conditions to prove that even in case of malfunction no danger is posed, such tests are carried out after successfully building a system that is stable in essence. This research aims to develop a smart gas burning system built on reliable and secure communication channels bounded with the implemented protocol specifications. A close study of each protocol specifications as well as a bit-by-bit investigation is therefore performed, moreover, a full timing analysis of communicated data is also carried out to ensure validity and integrity of the data transmitted. It was found that logic analysis plays a very important role in constructing data frames that are accurate to the smallest time unit possible, such analysis was not possible using an old model oscilloscope, after successful construction, transmitting a predefined sequence of data successfully initiated the communication channel between all system components. With the implemented safety and security features, the system is safe to use, however, this does not make it ready for end users, this is merely a proof of concept that such system can be made smart. The results show that the microcontroller module implemented is very capable of giving the user the ability to control the system manually with attached knobs and wirelessly through the Access point server

    Entwicklung innovativer Verfahren zur mikrobiologischen Qualitätsüberwachung in Echtzeit

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    Entwicklung biophysikalischer Verfahren zur schnellen Identifikation mikrobieller Kontaminationen in Gewässern – Vorstellung des InnoMiBiQ-Projektes Ute Hansen1, Miriam Huth2, Frank Platte2, Piotr Stawicki3, Alexander Struck3, Thomas J. Tewes2, André Wenda1 1 Fakultät Kommunikation und Umwelt, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Friedrich-Heinrich-Allee 25, 47475 Kamp-Lintfort 2 Fakultät Life Sciences, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve 3 Fakultät Technologie und Bionik, Hochschule Rhein-Waal, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve Daten zur mikrobiellen Wasserbelastung liegen bei Anwendung etablierter Standardmethoden erst nach Tagen vor. Ziel des InnoMiBiQ Projektes ist die Entwicklung eines schnellen biophysikalischen Verfahrens zur Identifikation mikrobieller Kontaminationen in Gewässern. Gefördert wird das Projekt mit zweijähriger Laufzeit im Rahmen des Focus Forschung HAW Programms des Ministeriums für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. Die Förderlinie FF HAW-Kooperation zielt auf eine verbesserte HS-interne interdisziplinäre Kooperation und den Auf- und Ausbau eines attraktiven Forschungsschwerpunkts. Ausgangspunkt der Arbeiten war das in der Arbeitsgruppe von F. Platte und in Kooperation mit der AG Hygiene (Prof. Bockmühl) von T. Tewes entwickelte Verfahren zur Identifizierung von Mikroorganismen mit Hilfe der Raman-Spektroskopie. Experimentelle Arbeiten wurden zu der Frage durchgeführt, ob die Methodik für die Identifizierung einzelner Bakterien in Gewässerproben anwendbar ist und welche Probenvorbehandlungs- und Datenverarbeitungsprozeduren unter Berücksichtigung der Automatisierbarkeit erforderlich sind. Die Ergebnisse bzgl. der Raman-spektroskopischen Identifizierung der Bakterienzellen waren vielversprechend. Problematisch ist allerdings, dass es gilt, wenige bakterielle Zellen zwischen einer sehr großen Zahl anderer Partikel zu identifizieren. Ideen für ein Raman-basiertes schnelles Partikel-Scan-Verfahren wurden entwickelt. Untersucht wurde auch, ob neben Mikroorganismen weitere Wasserkontaminationen mit Hilfe der Raman-Spektroskopie nachweisbar sind. Hier standen Verunreinigungen durch Mikroplastik (speziell Reifenabrieb), Ölfilme, Sulfat und Nitrat im Mittelpunkt. Im Rahmen zahlreicher „networking“-Aktivitäten wurden Kontakte zu Herstellern von Partikelmess-Systemen aufgebaut und Kooperationen mit Anbietern von Raman-Spektrometern initiiert mit dem Ziel, über F&E Projekte die Entwicklung eines kontinuierlich arbeitenden des Raman-Systems voranzubringen. Projektskizzen wurden entwickelt und Anträge auf Forschungsförderung eingereicht. Dass schnelle, kontinuierlich arbeitende biophysikalische Verfahren zur Identifikation von Gewässer-Kontaminationen erforderlich sind, wurde von potentiellen Anwendern bestätigt. Nur eine zeitlich hoch aufgelöste Überwachung der Wasserqualität kann Katastrophen wie das Fischsterben in der Oder verhindern

    Der Schutz der Privatsphäre im Grundgesetz und in der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts

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    In diesem Arbeitspapier, welches im Zuge des Moduls Grundlagen Recht an der Fakultät für Kommunikation und Umwelt an der Hochschule Rhein-Waal entstand, wird die Privatsphäre im Sinne des Grundgesetzes und im Lichte der Rechtsprechungen des BVerfG, vor allem am Beispiel des in dem darin verankerten allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrechts (Art. 2 Abs. 1 GG i.V.m. Art.1 Abs. 1 GG) erläutert

    How to initiate transformative research on permaculture in the Lower Rhine valley? A framework developed based on the analysis of previous experiences

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    As climate change continues to have negative effects on agriculture, the European Commission calls for sustainable farming approaches as solutions to challenges associated with climate change and therefore propose living labs as a transformative, transdisciplinary and participatory research mode in order to enforce the resilience of farming systems. Permaculture is considered as an approach for the living lab at the Lower Rhine as it aims at integrating sustainable management practices and ethical principles to provide the framework for a holistic approach that could provide an alternative to current management practices and their negative effects on the region. The thesis at hand aims at establishing a living lab framework that allows involvement of regional stakeholders from a range of sectors in a regional network that is part of a trinity of projects that additionally include an on-site test area and a digital knowledge platform. By performing literature research and interviews with regional primary producers and experts of the field, the thesis proceeds to place the permaculture living lab in the currently available context of living lab categorizations and provides a detailed framework with step-by-step instructions to follow as well as a selection of aspects to keep in mind in order to initiate transformative research on permaculture in the form of a living lab in the Lower Rhine region. Apart from the needs of regional primary producers, existing networks and organizations relevant for the living lab are identified, as well as successfully implemented living labs in Zurich, Lisbon, Bern and New York whose objectives align at least partially with those of the future permaculture living lab that can provide experience and suggestions for the planning process

    The Impact of Urban Green Infrastructure on the Heat Island Effect in the Urban Centre of Kleve

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    This thesis discusses the impact of urban green infrastructure on the heat island effect in the urban centre of Kleve. Green spaces are pivotal points when it comes to reducing inner-city temperatures in times of the climate crisis. Temperature measurements were taken in three different locations (campus, woods, field) and statistical analysis revealed a significant temperature difference between all three groups. On the campus of Rhine-Waal University an urban heat island could be detected, as during the night the temperatures there were significantly higher than in the two other locations. A tree inventory was conducted in the small forest grove and on the campus. It revealed slightly higher species diversity as well as larger height and diameter at breast height diversity in the small woods compared to the campus. The vegetation on the campus is not sufficient in alleviating the urban heat island effect. However, the vegetation in the woods shows a significant cooling effect on the air temperature. The main limitation of this thesis is that - since an observational method was used in the practical part - other variables than green infrastructure, such as air flow and blue infrastructure, were not measured. Nonetheless, they also affect the air temperature. This means that more research is necessary to define the influencing factors and their exact impacts. Regardless, the results show that denser and larger vegetation can mitigate the UHI compared to faculty trees on pavement, or a grass field. Urban green infrastructure should play a central role in city planning, and, when implemented correctly, can be a huge asset in combatting the climate crisis

    Ökologische Auswirkungen von Dachbegrünungen am Beispiel des Kardinal-von-Galen-Gymnasiums in Kevelaer

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    Die vorliegende Arbeit hat sich mit drei zentralen Aspekten beschäftigt: Planung der Dachbegrünung am KvGG, Untersuchung der Abflussmengen von Wasser und die Wahrnehmung der Schüler:innen. Die Abflussmengen wurden anhand einer quantitativen Simulation untersucht. Die Wahrnehmung der Schüler:innen wurde mithilfe einer quantitativen Umfrage analysiert. Es konnten geeignete Pflanzen für Dachbegrünungen im Allgemeinen, als auch für das zukünftige Projekt am KvGG bestimmt werden. H1 konnte innerhalb eines Vergleiches der verschiedenen Begrünungsarten bestätigt werden. Darüber hinaus konnten erfolgreich Kennzahlen bezüglich der Abflussmengen entwickelt werden. Im Rahmen dieses Versuches konnte die Hypothese H2 bestätigt werden, also dass eine Bepflanzung zu einer erheblichen Verlangsamung des Abflusses von Regen führt. Durch die Schülerumfrage konnte der Einfluss des Projekts auf die Wahrnehmung der Schüler:innen mit einem leicht negativem Ergebnis untersucht werden, H3 kann also nicht bestätigt werden. Abschließend lässt sich festhalten, dass Dachbegrünungen eine wertvolle ökologische Maßnahme darstellen. Es sind umfangreiche Einflüsse auf verschiedene umweltrelevante Bereiche möglich. Darüber hinaus eignen sich Dachbegrünungen vor allem an Schulen auch aufgrund ihres pädagogischen Mehrwerts. Zukünftig werden ähnliche Projekte hoffentlich in einem steigendem Ausmaße ihren Anteil zum Klimaschutz beitragen

    Combined effects of microplastics and heavy metals: implications for soil microbial ecology

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    There is substantial evidence that microplastic pollution and heavy metal contamination pose a significant threat to the health of soils and the functioning of ecosystems. However, little is known about the interactions between heavy metals and microplastics, as well as possible biological effects when the two are combined. It is possible that MPs and heavy metals can interact in soil, causing changes in their environmental behaviour, bioavailability, and potentially toxic properties, further posing ecological risks. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the individual and combined impacts of microplastics and heavy metals on soil chemical properties, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and microbial communities in soil treated with varying concentrations of these pollutants. In an incubation experiment, soil was amended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and a mixture of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Ni) in two concentrations (Low and High). Seven treatments (Control; MP-L; MP-H; HM-L; HM-H; MP+HM-L and MP+HM-H) were analysed in seven replications. The rate of microbial respiration was determined during incubation. Following incubation, soil pH, microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity, and the abundance of archaea, bacteria, and fungi were measured as well as the effects on inorganic nitrogen (NO3-, NH4+) were determined. It was found that no significant difference existed between the control treatment and LDPE treatment in terms of soil pH, FDAse activity, microbial biomass, microbial respiration, inorganic nitrogen, and abundance of archaea, bacteria, or fungi, regardless of the concentration of LDPE (0.6%, 1.2%). Heavy metal treatment did, however, result in a significant decrease in soil pH, NO3, and microbial respiration particularly at high concentrations (2.68 mg kg-1), compared with treatments with LDPE and a control, suggesting that HMs suppressed microbial activity. Additionally, HMs also reduced MBN and MBC, indicating their negative effect on microbial biomass. As a result of the combination of microplastics and heavy metals, microbial biomass, and microbial respiration decreased significantly when compared to either the control treatments or the microplastics alone treatment. Additionally, the combined treatment reduces NO3- and soil pH significantly compared to the control and sole microplastic treatment There was no significant effect observed in any treatment on the abundance of archaea or fungi, indicating that the presence of MP and/or HMs had no impact on their abundance. However, the MP+HM treatment resulted in a reduction in the number of bacteria. Using a two-factor statistical analysis, the effect of two concentrations (low and high) of microplastics and/or heavy metals on these soil parameters was further evaluated. According to these results, the concentrations of added microplastics and/or heavy metals (low and high) had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on any soil parameter except for soil pH (p < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that the presence of heavy metals, either alone or combined with microplastics, had a detrimental effect on soil ecosystem. However, this study was limited to examining the short-term effects of these pollutants on soil microorganisms and their functioning. Additional research will be necessary to determine the long-term effects of these pollutants

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