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Notai ai limiti occidentali dell’Impero: il caso della Provenza (secoli XI, XII e inizio XIII)
Get PDFThis paper will observe the specificities of the notariat in medieval Provence, a region in continuous contact with the large Italian cities and located on the western fringes of the Empire. The geographical proximity to Italy and the frequency of trade relations with the Italian cities led to the interpretation of the notariat in this region as an institution modelled on the Italian model and inspired by a common law of Bolognese derivation. The technical-juridical culture developed between the 11th and 12th centuries, clearly visible in the structure of the documents produced in which scribes are almost never mentioned and the authority of the document relies on often non-textual factors, clarifies the evolution of notarial practices in the region’s main cities and the energetic control of municipal institutions over the forms of their documents.Il presente intervento intende osservare le specificità del notariato della Provenza medievale, una regione in continuo contatto con le grandi città italiane e situata ai margini occidentali dell’Impero. La prossimità geografica con l’Italia e la frequenza dei rapporti commerciali con le città della Penisola ha portato a interpretare il notariato di questa regione come un istituto calcato sul modello italiano e ispirato da un diritto comune di derivazione bolognese. La cultura tecnico giuridica sviluppata tra XI e XII secolo, ben visibile nella struttura dei documenti prodotti in cui non si menzionano quasi mai gli scribi e l’autorevolezza del documento si appoggia su fattori spesso non testuali, chiarisce l’evoluzione delle prassi notarili nelle principali città della regione e il controllo energico delle istituzioni comunali sulle forme dei loro documenti
Parole nove: indagini sul lessico della Vita nova di Dante Alighieri. I. Riflessi classici, biblici e scientifici
No full textThe following pages contain six essays dedicated to Dante Alighieri's Vita nova.Sono qui raccolti 6 saggi dedicati alla Vita nova di Dante Alighieri
Circular Economy strategies for Adaptive Reuse of Borgo San Leonardo in Carlentini
Get PDFReuse of the built heritage is a strategy for enhancing the architectural heritage, designed to start virtuous development processes with positive impacts on the landscape. Adaptive reuse is a significant approach in circular economy practices to extend the life cycle of building by lengthening the use and delaying the end of life. As a result, the reuse of abandoned buildings can enhance the surrounding contexts, achieving ecological benefits and implementing social responsible economic growth. Borgo San Leonardo in Carlentini (Italy) is an example of disused rural heritage in a context of high landscape value and development potential, characterised by a common type of dwelling in the Syracuse area. The area has been declared of outstanding public interest and still retains its perceptual-cultural, morphological-dimensional, and material-constructive values. The regeneration of rural heritage seeks to place communities at the centre of decision-making processes in these territories, aiming to preserve the local productive culture and traditions while activating new development processes. The case study describes the decision-making process related to the definition of new uses, through a multi-criteria and participatory approach. The outcomes are guidelines to choose new compatible uses for old buildings, able to activate circular development processes. This will be achieved through a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), in order to compare adaptive reuse alternatives, considering the impacts on the environmental, cultural, social and economic system
Expletives in broad focus VS constructions of old Venetan
Get PDFIn a corpus of early Venetan texts from the 14th-15th centuries, we note the optional presence of a non-referential pronominal form in broad focus VS constructions. We claim that the emergence of this kind of expletive spells out anaphoric agreement with the implicit, context-dependent (spatio-temporal) topic that sentence-focus structures presuppose. The data under scrutiny testify to the earliest stage of the emergence of a preverbal expletive form in presentational constructions, thus offering diachronic evidence in support of the view that thetic propositions are predications of an implicit stage topic, which is understood in the context of the discourse. In the diamesic dimension of the written domain of the early texts this topic recurrently surfaces in the form of spatio-temporal adverbials, which express the logodeictic coordinates in which all-new information sentences are embedded in narratives. However, we note that in the absence of such coordinates the expletives occurs.
Identità europea vs identità nazionale. Verso inesorabili e necessari mutamenti costituzionali
No full textOne of the most crucial aspects of the process of European integration is, without doubt, the affirmation of the principle of primacy closely linked to the relationship between national identity and European identity. The latter has been, and is, as is well known, the subject of an important debate characterised by political, cultural and social aspects, given the ability of both sides to influence each other and, in particular cases, to enter into conflict. In addition, the «mixture» of state and European systems has long been considered one of the most important causes of the constitutional changes that have occurred over the years, which have resulted in a profound evolution of the national legal system. It is well known, in fact, that constitutional systems are increasingly subject to incessant changes deriving from a plurality of elements of a political, juridical, economic and social nature, from which derives an adequate and spontaneous evolution of the same in respect of the core of the fundamental principles that give identity to the systems themselves. The parts of the Constitution that have been, without a doubt, the subject of the most significant changes resulting from the process of European integration are those concerning the so-called economic Constitution and form of government. It is a process that has undergone, and continues to undergo, important evolutions due to the historical, political and social events that have taken place over the last few years and that have made it increasingly evident that, regardless of the form of government adopted, verticalization appears to be a certainty. Starting from this consideration, according to which the verticalization of the decision must undoubtedly be considered an essential and inexorable element and, above all, a characterizing element of the European identity, the present work aims to question the necessary reform process that is able to reduce the gap between the constitutional text and the actual historical-political change, allowing the institutional system to be up to date with the changes of recent years and, consequently, avoid the use of these constitutional changes as a political instrumentTra gli aspetti più determinanti del processo di integrazione europea rientra, senza dubbio, l’affermazione del principio del primato strettamente connesso al rapporto tra identità nazionale ed identità europea. Quest’ultimo è stato, ed è, come è noto, oggetto di un importante dibattito caratterizzato da aspetti politici, culturali e sociali vista la capacità, da parte di entrambe, di influenzarsi e, in casi particolari, entrare in conflitto. A ciò si aggiunga, inoltre, come la «commistione» tra ordinamenti statali ed europeo sia stata, inoltre, da tempo, considerata, tra le cause più rilevanti dei mutamenti costituzionali che si sono verificati nel corso degli anni, dai quali è derivata una profonda evoluzione dell’ordinamento nazionale. E' noto, infatti, come i sistemi costituzionali siano sempre più assoggettati a incessanti mutamenti derivanti da una pluralità di elementi di natura politica, giuridica, economica e sociale, dai cui deriva una adeguata e spontanea evoluzione degli stessi nel rispetto del nucleo dei principi fondamentali che danno identità agli ordinamenti stessi. Le parti della Costituzione che sono state, senza dubbio alcuno, oggetto dei più rilevanti mutamenti derivanti dal processo di integrazione europea sono quelle riguardanti la c.d. Costituzione economica e la forma di governo. Si tratta di un processo che ha subito, e continua a subire, delle importanti evoluzioni dovute agli eventi storici, politici e sociali che si sono susseguiti nel corso degli ultimi anni e che hanno reso sempre più evidente come, indipendentemente dalla forma di governo adottata, la verticalizzazione appaia una certezza. Muovendo da tale considerazione, secondo la quale la verticalizzazione della decisione deve senza dubbio essere considerata un elemento imprescindibile ed inesorabile e, soprattutto, un elemento caratterizzante l’identità europea, il presente lavoro si prefigge l’obiettivo di interrogarsi sul necessario processo riformatore che sia in grado di ridurre quella divaricazione tra il testo costituzionale e l’effettivo cambiamento storico- politico permettendo al sistema istituzionale di essere al passo con le trasformazioni degli ultimi anni e scongiurare, di conseguenza, l'uso di tali mutamenti costituzionali come strumento politic
Sulla autonomia «ulteriore» nelle regioni a statuto ordinario (o del regionalismo «differenziato» volutamente «frainteso»)
Get PDFRegionalism in Italy has lacked both a clearly defined model and political actors capable of implementing it without being influenced by contingent or instrumental interests. This issue remains unresolved even after the reform of Title V. Following an initial phase of relative «silence», the political and institutional behavior at both the regional and national levels, as well as the debates they have sparked, appear to focus not on the differentiated autonomy envisioned in art. 116, par. 3, but rather on a more general concept of regionalism. This has been embraced by some and opposed by others, often with little regard for the relevant constitutional framework, resulting in a model with a more limited scope and a distinct rationale. The recently approved framework law does not address these concerns, but rather compounds them, highlighting the need for further critical reflectionIl nostro regionalismo non ha avuto un modello sufficientemente «definito» né «attuatori» politici non condizionati, nel corso del tempo, da opzioni contingenti e/o strumentali. Le «cose» non sembrano migliorate dopo il nuovo Titolo V. Dopo un iniziale, sostanziale «silenzio», i comportamenti dei protagonisti politico-istituzionali ad ogni livello (regionale e nazionale) e lo stesso dibattito da essi innescato, non sembrano riguardare l’autonomia differenziata di cui all’art. 116, c. 3, ma una sorta di regionalismo in generale, perseguito da alcuni e temuto ed avversato da altri, quasi a prescindere dai pertinenti riferimenti costituzionali, dai quali essa emerge con una portata molto più contenuta ed una ratio diversa. La stessa legge-quadro appena approvata non elimina, ma contribuisce a suscitare i già numerosi motivi di riflession
L’articolo 43 della Costituzione: l’attualità dei suoi principi e prisma della forma di Stato
Get PDFThe «constitutional» framework established by the Letta and Draghi reports underscores the role of public intervention in addressing the numerous challenges facing the future of Europe. The effects of the European integration process, including the liberalizations and privatizations of the 1990s, have led some scholars to consider Article 43 of the Constitution inapplicable in a political-economic model dominated by the principle of competition. However, European law clearly recognizes the direct link between Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI) and the principle of social cohesion. In view of their function, it allows for exceptions to the competition rule, granting public entities the ability to play a leading role. The «new course» initiated by the European institutions in response to the pandemic crisis has been reaffirmed by the reports, which advocate for the institutionalization of cooperative and mutual-based instruments to equip the European Union with the necessary resources to finance public European policies grounded in the principle of social cohesion. European public economic law, stronger than ever, revitalizes Article 43 of the Constitution, which has been left unused and further diminished by the state legislatureLa cornice «costituzionale» costruita dai rapporti Letta e Draghi valorizza il ruolo dell’intervento pubblico nelle numerose sfide che il futuro dell’Europa prospetta. Gli effetti del processo di integrazione europea, con le liberalizzazioni e le privatizzazioni degli anni novanta, hanno condotto parte della dottrina a ritenere l’art. 43 Cost. inapplicabile in un modello politico-economico permeato dalla regola della concorrenza. Eppure il diritto europeo riconosce chiaramente il diretto collegamento dei SIEG con il principio di coesione sociale e in virtù della loro funzione ammette eccezioni alla regola della concorrenza e la possibilità per gli enti pubblici di svolgere un ruolo da protagonisti. Il «nuovo corso» inaugurato dalle istituzioni europee in risposta alla crisi pandemica è stato confermato dai rapporti, che richiedono un'istituzionalizzazione degli strumenti di cooperazione e a base mutualistica, per dotare l’Unione europea delle risorse necessarie a finanziare politiche pubbliche europee all’insegna del principio di coesione sociale. Il diritto pubblico europeo dell'economia, mai così vigoroso, rivitalizza l’art. 43 Cost., inutilizzato e svilito ancora una volta dal legislatore statal
Fleance and Obscured Scottish Futures in Screen Adaptations of Macbeth by Goold, Kurzel and Coen
Get PDFThe play-text of Macbeth enigmatically leaves the future of Scotland open. The play ends with Malcolmhailed as the new king, but the rest of the weird sisters’ predictions, namely that Banquo’s issue will be kings, is leftunanswered even though Shakespeare’s main source, Holinshed’s Chronicles (Volume V) (1577) contains a detailed(albeit completely fabricated) sequel as to the future of Fleance. The three Macbeth film adaptations examined here– Rupert Goold (2010), Justin Kurzel (2015) and Joel Coen (2021) – all address this loose end of the play-text,leaving clues for the viewer to predict what might happen after the action of the film is over. By opening a door tothe future (often literally and visually, as in Goold and Kurzel), and showing Fleance on the move, they all suggesta linear or cyclical continuation of his story and Scottish history. This article considers key elements of theadaptations, focussing on the show of kings and the endings. I argue that the directorial choices of these films,instead of suppressing the line of Fleance, give voice and prominence to his alternative narrative, while alsoemphasising the cycle of violence that the play suggests.
A review of knowledge on Dragonflies and Damselflies in the Regional Nature Reserve “Foce Volturno – Costa di Licola”
Get PDFBased on studies conducted on the Odonata of Campania between the 1980s and 1990s, the Authors have updated the list of species present in the wetlands of the Regional Natural Reserve “Foce Volturno - Costa di Licola”, located between the provinces of Caserta and Naples (Campania, Southern Italy). The compilation of the check-list was conducted through bibliographic research in texts and databases, along with new surveys in the sites and initiating citizen science projects. In total, 22 species were recorded (23.1% of Italian speciesand 39.2% of Campanian species as of 2022), including 7 belonging to the Damselflies and 15 to the Dragonflies. Referring to the regional Odonate fauna list of 1995, 18 species are confirmed (32.14% of those reported in Campania and 18.9% of those reported in Italy as of 2022). In addition to these, Selysiothemis nigra and Brachytron pratense were sampled by the Authors for the first time in the Reserve area, and Orthetrum trinacria was observed by a citizen scientist for the first time at the regional level, data relevant to their national distribution. The contribution provided brings the total number of Odonata species in Campania to 58 and represents the first piece of an ongoing investigation into species richness at the regional scale.Based on studies conducted on the Odonata of Campania between the 1980s and 1990s, the Authors have updated the list of species present in the wetlands of the Regional Natural Reserve “Foce Volturno - Costa di Licola”, located between the provinces of Caserta and Naples (Campania, Southern Italy). The compilation of the check-list was conducted through bibliographic research in texts and databases, along with new surveys in the sites and initiating citizen science projects. In total, 22 species were recorded (23.1% of Italian speciesand 39.2% of Campanian species as of 2022), including 7 belonging to the Damselflies and 15 to the Dragonflies. Referring to the regional Odonate fauna list of 1995, 18 species are confirmed (32.14% of those reported in Campania and 18.9% of those reported in Italy as of 2022). In addition to these, Selysiothemis nigra and Brachytron pratense were sampled by the Authors for the first time in the Reserve area, and Orthetrum trinacria was observed by a citizen scientist for the first time at the regional level, data relevant to their national distribution. The contribution provided brings the total number of Odonata species in Campania to 58 and represents the first piece of an ongoing investigation into species richness at the regional scale
Primo Levi, «Cladonia rapida» (“Storie naturali”)
No full textThis article proposes a close reading of Primo Levi’s «Cladonia rapida», the fifth text included by the author in his first collection of science-fiction short stories, Storie naturali (1966). The text is a parody of technical-scientific language: it is constructed in the form of a divulgation article and is set in a fictional-technological scenario, in which the discovery of a plant parasite of cars becomes the pretext to illustrate certain characteristics of cars, represented as animate beings. The study is divided into two parts: firstly, the relationship between compositional structure and content is brought into focus in order to reveal how the topic of the article is developed; secondly, the formal elements that Levi imports from technical-scientific writing and their stylistic outcomes are analysed. Finally, in the light of the elements collected, an interpretative hypothesis on one of the possible communicative objectives pursued by Levi through the parodic manipulation of this type of specialised language is proposed.Il contributo propone un close reading di «Cladonia rapida» di Primo Levi, quinto testo inserito dall’autore nella sua prima raccolta di racconti fantascientifici, Storie naturali (1966). Il testo è una parodia del linguaggio tecnico-scientifico: esso è costruito sotto forma di articolo divulgativo ed è collocato in uno scenario fanta-tecnologico, in cui la scoperta di un parassita vegetale delle automobili diviene il pretesto per illustrare alcune caratteristiche delle auto, rappresentate alla stregua di esseri animati. Lo studio si articola in due parti: in primo luogo, si mettono a fuoco il rapporto tra struttura compositiva e contenuti per rilevare in che modo venga sviluppato il tema dell’articolo; in secondo luogo, si analizzano gli elementi formali che Levi importa dalla scrittura tecnico-scientifica e i loro esiti stilistici. Alla luce degli elementi raccolti si propone, infine, un’ipotesi interpretativa su uno dei possibili obiettivi comunicativi perseguiti da Levi attraverso la manipolazione parodica di questa tipologia di linguaggio specialistico