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KOTODAMA AND KIMIGAYO: THE ‘SPIRIT OF LANGUAGE’ MYTH AND JAPAN’S NATIONAL ANTHEM
Full text linkQuesto articolo discute il rapporto tra il kotodama, il mito dello “spirito della lingua”, e la controversia sull'inno nazionale in Giappone da un punto di vista sociolinguistico. Dalla fine della Seconda guerra mondiale, l'inno nazionale giapponese, Kimigayo (Regno di Sua Maestà Imperiale), ha suscitato sentite controversie all'interno della coscienza nazionale. Coloro che apprezzano la canzone sostengono che si tratta di un inno nazionale tradizionale cantato fin dal XIX secolo con un testo basato su un waka classica scritta nel X secolo. Coloro che la criticano considerano il testo imperialista e associano la canzone alle connotazioni negative della guerra. Sebbene sia chiaro che l'opposizione si basa principalmente su un'interpretazione politica del testo, questo articolo fa luce sul ruolo del kotodama, il mito giapponese dello spirito del linguaggio, e sul suo possibile legame con l'intensità non comune della controversia. L'idea principale alla base del mito del kotodama è che le parole, pronunciate in un certo modo, abbiano un impatto sulla realtà grazie al potere divino. Sulla base di questa premessa, il mito del kotodama è stato reinterpretato e incorporato nei discorsi sociali e politici giapponesi nel corso della storia. Discutendo la natura degli inni nazionali e il ruolo discorsivo dell'antico mito, questo articolo fornisce un'osservazione originale e una nuova visione delle controversie sull'inno nazionale in Giappone.This article discusses the relationship between kotodama, the ‘spirit of language’ myth, and the national anthem controversy in Japan from a sociolinguistic point of view. Since the end of the Pacific War, Japan’s national anthem, Kimigayo (His Imperial Majesty’s Reign), has caused highly contested debates within the national consciousness. Those who praise the song claim that it is a traditional national anthem sung since the nineteenth century with lyrics based on a classical waka poem written in the tenth century. Those who criticise it view the lyrics as imperialist and associate the song with negative connotations of the war. While it is clear that opposition is mainly based on a political interpretation of the lyrics, this article sheds light on the role of kotodama, the Japanese myth of the spirit of language, and its possible link to the uncommon intensity of the controversy. The main idea behind the kotodama myth is that words, pronounced in a certain manner, have an impact on reality through divine power. Based on this premise, the kotodama myth has been reinterpreted and incorporated into Japanese social and political discourses throughout history. Discussing the nature of national anthems and the discursive role of the ancient myth, this article provides original observation and new insight into the disputes about the national anthem in Japan
Seminario PRIN «The metaphor of the “South” in the comparative perspective»
Full text linkOn Thursday 8 May 2025, at 9.30 a.m., in the lecture hall of the Department of Law, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli - via Raffaele Perla, 21, Santa Maria Capua Vetere (CE) -, the PRIN seminar ‘The metaphor of the “South” in the comparative perspective’ will be held. The event can also be followed on Teams at the following link: https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetupjoin/19%3aiaCvCF6wH_bpZva3Nv8tIK6 DwLNfMS7YpQISes78Oyw1%40thread.tacv2/1744391607681?context=%7b %22Tid%22%3a%228f547aef-14d7-49ca-a4d4- 51a6c5cb92c1%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%226fdc1803-8e00-4f4f-89ee84876512dae5%22%7dGiovedì 8 maggio 2025, ore 9.30, nell’aulario del Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli - via Raffaele Perla, 21, Santa Maria Capua Vetere (CE) -, si terrà il s seminario PRIN «The metaphor of the “South” in the comparative perspective». L’evento potrà essere seguito anche su Teams al seguente link: https://teams.microsoft.com/l/meetupjoin/19%3aiaCvCF6wH_bpZva3Nv8tIK6 DwLNfMS7YpQISes78Oyw1%40thread.tacv2/1744391607681?context=%7b %22Tid%22%3a%228f547aef-14d7-49ca-a4d4- 51a6c5cb92c1%22%2c%22Oid%22%3a%226fdc1803-8e00-4f4f-89ee84876512dae5%22%7
Minitexts as Informal Written Interventions: The Case of Cambridge University Library Kk.5.16, Vat. reg. lat. 1127 and Namur MS 11
Full text linkThis paper offers three case studies on ‘minitexts’ added to eighth- and ninth-century manuscripts and suggests that such informal interventions need to be recognized as part of a communication process between readers, scribes and their books in early medieval culture. The additions, comprising a vernacular poem, canon law, epistolary and homiletic material and kinglists suggest an association of ideas between main text and added minitexts. Yet they also expose a variety of sources for the minitexts, from a written record of oral memory, a summary of one aspect of a well-established texts as in the case of Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae, and the reproduction of papal rulings which were part of another widely-circulated collection of canon law, to some interesting chronological summaries which appear to reflect a reader’s engagement with the entire codex in which the minitext was inserted. They indicate too how much we can learn in general about early medieval intellectual culture from pursuing both the engagements with knowledge represented in readers’ additions to their manuscripts, and the questions they raise.This paper offers three case studies on ‘minitexts’ added to eighth- and ninth-century manuscripts and suggests that such informal interventions need to be recognized as part of a communication process between readers, scribes and their books in early medieval culture. The additions, comprising a vernacular poem, canon law, epistolary and homiletic material and kinglists suggest an association of ideas between main text and added minitexts. Yet they also expose a variety of sources for the minitexts, from a written record of oral memory, a summary of one aspect of a well-established texts as in the case of Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae, and the reproduction of papal rulings which were part of another widely-circulated collection of canon law, to some interesting chronological summaries which appear to reflect a reader’s engagement with the entire codex in which the minitext was inserted. They indicate too how much we can learn in general about early medieval intellectual culture from pursuing both the engagements with knowledge represented in readers’ additions to their manuscripts, and the questions they raise
Gli effetti della realtà virtuale, dell’intelligenza artificiale e della robotica sulla motivazione dei bambini all’apprendimento della lingua inglese: un intervento inclusivo
No full textThe range of technologies available for language learning has expanded significantly, requiring educators to integrate these tools into well-structured, flexible, and systematic lesson designs that address diverse student needs. In recent decades, multimedia content such as audio, video, and specialized instructional software have been widely used in language education to provide authentic, real-world contexts that foster communicative competence. While these resources remain prevalent, more advanced technologies that extend beyond basic multimedia – such as virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), coding, and robotics – are gradually entering the educational landscape. This paper presents a pilot study involving five English as a Foreign Language (EFL) lessons for children, in which VR, AI, coding, and robotic tools were employed. The activities were designed with an emphasis on inclusivity, particularly given the participation of eight pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN), who often face unique challenges and motivational barriers in EFL learning. Data collected through two questionnaires revealed that students’ perceptions of both (i) the usefulness of technology in language learning and (ii) their engagement levels due to these technological tools were notably positive. Classroom observations and participant feedback further suggest that VR (CoSpaces) and educational robotics (Ozobot) are especially well-suited for inclusive lesson design, as they facilitate cooperative learning, with hardware serving as effective “mediators” to support group-based activities.La gamma di tecnologie disponibili per l'apprendimento delle lingue si è ampliata in modo significativo, richiedendo agli educatori di integrare questi strumenti in progetti di lezioni ben strutturati, flessibili e sistematici che rispondano alle diverse esigenze degli studenti. Negli ultimi decenni, i contenuti multimediali come audio, video e software didattici specializzati sono stati ampiamente utilizzati nell'istruzione linguistica per fornire contesti autentici e reali che promuovono la competenza comunicativa. Mentre queste risorse rimangono prevalenti, tecnologie più avanzate che vanno oltre i multimedia di base, come realtà virtuale (VR), intelligenza artificiale (AI), codifica e robotica, stanno gradualmente entrando nel panorama educativo. Questo documento presenta uno studio pilota che ha coinvolto cinque lezioni di inglese come lingua straniera (EFL) per bambini, in cui sono stati impiegati strumenti di realtà virtuale, AI, codifica e robotica. Le attività sono state progettate con un'enfasi sull'inclusività, in particolare data la partecipazione di otto alunni con bisogni educativi speciali (BES), che spesso affrontano sfide uniche e barriere motivazionali nell'apprendimento dell'EFL. I dati raccolti tramite due questionari hanno rivelato che le percezioni degli studenti sia di (i) l'utilità della tecnologia nell'apprendimento delle lingue sia di (ii) i loro livelli di coinvolgimento dovuti a questi strumenti tecnologici erano notevolmente positivi. Le osservazioni in classe e il feedback dei partecipanti suggeriscono inoltre che la realtà virtuale (CoSpaces) e la robotica educativa (Ozobot) sono particolarmente adatte alla progettazione di lezioni inclusive, in quanto facilitano l'apprendimento cooperativo, con l'hardware che funge da "mediatore" efficace per supportare le attività di gruppo.
 
Wilhelm Humboldt at the Origins of Dilthey Historicism
Full text linkLa ricerca di Magnano San Lio si presenta come un’analisi sorvegliata nelle sue istanze ermeneutiche e tesa a costruire il profilo umano e scientifico di Humboldt attraverso suoi particolari campi d’interesse scientifico quali oggettivazioni dell’umano. Ciò viene incontro a una reale e importante esigenza, rappresentata da una ricerca più ampia e sistematica dei rapporti reali e ideali che intercorrono tra il filosofo di Biebrich e il maggiore esponente delle origini dello storicismo critico e problematico. Magnano San Lio individua così un principio centrale e fondamentale comune a Humboldt e a Dilthey: l’idea di uomo intero quale apertura alla riflessione antropologica in continuità con la soggettivizzazione del sapere inaugurata dal trascendentalismo kantiano. Connessa a questa idea di individualità è altresì l’attenta analisi dell’interesse di Humboldt per l’antichità classica, che si amplia in una visione prospettica attenta allo sviluppo di una grande realtà nazionale. Sempre legato al nesso humboldtiano tra individualità e umanità è anche un altro tema di fondamentale importanza: quello della formazione culturale dell’umanità. Tutto ciò a sottolineare come l’intero tragitto scientifico di Humboldt, anche quello connesso alle sue indagini storico-sistematiche, abbia al suo centro il processo di formazione di ciascun individuo nella sua aspirazione al compimento. Di qui il significato acquisito dall’antropologia quale filo conduttore dell’intera e articolata speculazione humboldtiana.Magnano San Lio’s research presents itself as an analysis monitored in its hermeneutic instances and aimed at building the human and scientific profile of Humboldt through his particular fields of scientific interest as objectifications of the human. This meets a real and important need, represented by a broader and more systematic research of the real and ideal relationships that exist between the philosopher from Biebrich and the major exponent of the origins of critical and problematic historicism. Magnano San Lio thus identifies a central and fundamental principle common to Humboldt and Dilthey: the idea of the whole man as an opening to anthropological reflection in continuity with the subjectivization of knowledge inaugurated by Kantian transcendentalism. Connected to this idea of individuality is also the careful analysis of Humboldt’s interest in classical antiquity, which expands in a prospective vision attentive to the development of a great national reality. Always linked to the Humboldtian connection between individuality and humanity is another theme of fundamental importance: that of the cultural formation of humanity. All this to underline how Humboldt’s entire scientific journey, even that connected to his historical-systematic investigations, has at its center the process of formation of each individual in his aspiration to fulfillment. Hence the significance acquired by anthropology as the guiding thread of the entire and articulated Humboldtian speculation
Public Spaces Transformations in Latin America during Covid19. Community resilience and Tactical Urbanism in Bogota, Quito and Mexico City
No full textThe public space access restrictions and confinement measures due to the Covid19 pandemic caused important transformations in the use of living spaces and public space. The research presented here investigated the impact of those restrictions in the community, using an online survey deployed at the time of the lockdown worldwide (March-December 2021), collecting important information about the challenges and adaptation of housing and public spaces in Bogota, Quito and Mexico DF. Following on the topic, the project: Recreating Cultures: Heritage, memory and place as a base to strengthen social fabric in Tunal, Bogota¨, was aimed to strengthen social fabric and public spaces using heritage, memory and local art initiatives. This research was aimed to understand the adaptations/transformations of public spaces to the Covid19 phenomenon and access to public spaces, streets, parks and other urban spaces, and the importance of tactics such as tactical urbanism to revalue public spaces in health crisis times such as tactical urbanism and placemaking. Therefore, the lessons learned from the Covid19 pandemic will leave an imprint on the meaning and value of community and neighbourhood and suggest that political action on the territory must move towards community participation and community engagement. The revaluation of public space through participation, tactical urbanism and citizen activism can influence local governments so that urban agendas with sustainability approaches have a much faster implementation and concepts such as community engagement, security, walkability, accessibility and inclusion become priority actions for the recovery of public spaces and communities.Le restrizioni all’accesso allo spazio pubblico e le misure di confinamento dovute alla pandemia di Covid19 hanno causato importanti trasformazioni nell’uso degli spazi abitativi e dello spazio pubblico. La ricerca qui presentata ha indagato l’impatto di tali restrizioni nella comunità, utilizzando un sondaggio online condotto al momento del blocco in tutto il mondo (marzo-dicembre 2021), raccogliendo informazioni importanti sulle sfide e sull’adattamento degli alloggi e degli spazi pubblici a Bogotà, Quito e Messico DF. Seguendo l'argomento, il progetto: Ricreare le culture: patrimonio, memoria e luogo come base per rafforzare il tessuto sociale a Tunal, Bogotà, mirava a rafforzare il tessuto sociale e gli spazi pubblici utilizzando iniziative legate al patrimonio, alla memoria e all'arte locale. Questa ricerca aveva lo scopo di comprendere gli adattamenti/trasformazioni degli spazi pubblici al fenomeno Covid19 e l'accesso a spazi pubblici, strade, parchi e altri spazi urbani, e l'importanza di tattiche come l'urbanesimo tattico per rivalutare gli spazi pubblici in tempi di crisi sanitaria come urbanistica tattica e placemaking. Pertanto, le lezioni apprese dalla pandemia di Covid19 lasceranno un’impronta sul significato e sul valore della comunità e del vicinato e suggeriranno che l’azione politica sul territorio deve muoversi verso la partecipazione e l’impegno della comunità. La rivalutazione dello spazio pubblico attraverso la partecipazione, l’urbanistica tattica e l’attivismo dei cittadini può influenzare i governi locali affinché le agende urbane con approcci di sostenibilità abbiano un’implementazione molto più rapida e concetti come impegno comunitario, sicurezza, pedonabilità, accessibilità e inclusione diventino azioni prioritarie per il recupero di spazi pubblici e comunità
Early Medieval Minuscule Texts as a Subject of Study: Tentative Taxonomy, Codicological Contexts, and Related Social Practices
Full text linkThis paper overviews early medieval textual additions, defined as minuscule texts, to Latin manuscripts produced before c. 900; when appropriate, it draws parallels with Petrucci’s discussion of early medieval ‘occasional microtexts’ (microtesti avventizi). The overview is based on the corpus of early medieval minuscule texts assembled by the MINiTEXTS project and currently comprising more than 4000 entries. Thereafter, the paper outlines two typologies of early medieval minuscule texts: one based on their placement within the diachronic stratigraphy of a manuscript, as well as their other codicological features, and the other structured by their textual contents. The essay argues that the appearance in the margins of early medieval manuscripts was closely related with concurrent social, economic, religious, and cultural practices. The latter point is exemplified with three case studies of minuscule texts and their broader historical contexts.This paper overviews early medieval textual additions, defined as minuscule texts, to Latin manuscripts produced before c. 900; when appropriate, it draws parallels with Petrucci’s discussion of early medieval ‘occasional microtexts’ (microtesti avventizi). The overview is based on the corpus of early medieval minuscule texts assembled by the MINiTEXTS project and currently comprising more than 4000 entries. Thereafter, the paper outlines two typologies of early medieval minuscule texts: one based on their placement within the diachronic stratigraphy of a manuscript, as well as their other codicological features, and the other structured by their textual contents. The essay argues that the appearance in the margins of early medieval manuscripts was closely related with concurrent social, economic, religious, and cultural practices. The latter point is exemplified with three case studies of minuscule texts and their broader historical contexts
Drama tibi primae depango laudis usyae: A Poetic Voice from the School of St Gall
Full text linkMedieval scribes and scholars filled empty spaces in their manuscripts with different kinds of minuscule texts. Not all of them served as direct commentary on the main text. But even when they did not, they were added often with clear intent, as can be seen with an anonymous poem written around the year 1000 or shortly after in one volume of the «Small Hartmut-Bible» (London, British Library, Add. MS 11852, fol. 118v). At first glance, the poem appears to be not much more than an elegiac colophon to the Pauline Epistles. But closer analysis reveals a consistent theoretical basis: the verses establish a link between the manuscript and predominant attitudes towards epistemology and theology in the school of St Gall. This paper will explore the content of the poem and will explain how it reflects the thought of Notker III and his pupil and successor Ekkehard IV. It will also shed light on the development and spread of ideas in the school milieu of a major Benedictine monastery.Medieval scribes and scholars filled empty spaces in their manuscripts with different kinds of minuscule texts. Not all of them served as direct commentary on the main text. But even when they did not, they were added often with clear intent, as can be seen with an anonymous poem written around the year 1000 or shortly after in one volume of the «Small Hartmut-Bible» (London, British Library, Add. MS 11852, fol. 118v). At first glance, the poem appears to be not much more than an elegiac colophon to the Pauline Epistles. But closer analysis reveals a consistent theoretical basis: the verses establish a link between the manuscript and predominant attitudes towards epistemology and theology in the school of St Gall. This paper will explore the content of the poem and will explain how it reflects the thought of Notker III and his pupil and successor Ekkehard IV. It will also shed light on the development and spread of ideas in the school milieu of a major Benedictine monastery
MIKADO BAZAAR DI SUNDERLAND E JAPANESE SHOP DI DARLINGTON: PRESENZA DI ARTICOLI GIAPPONESI NEI NEGOZI DEL NORD-EST DELL’INGHILTERRA, 1860-1900
Full text linkNella seconda metà del XIX secolo, molti Paesi europei e il Nord America furono investiti da una grande ondata di interesse per tutto ciò che era giapponese. Questo articolo esamina come i rivenditori locali abbiano avuto un ruolo centrale nella diffusione di questo fenomeno culturale in una regione periferica, il Nord Est dell'Inghilterra.
Attraverso negozi più o meno specializzati, gli articoli decorativi giapponesi come i tessuti, le ceramiche, le lacche e i ventagli divennero accessibili nel Nord-Est, contemporaneamente a molte altre zone della Gran Bretagna. Grazie alle inserzioni sui giornali, è stato possibile dimostrare che i rivenditori locali promuovevano la stessa visione idealizzata del Giappone pre-moderno, che si intrecciava con il desiderio di cosmopolitismo di tutto il Paese.
Il Mikado Bazaar di Sunderland sfruttò questo nuovo modello di consumo organizzando un'esperienza di acquisto multiforme attraverso la quale i clienti potevano virtualmente viaggiare in un Giappone idealizzato senza lasciare Sunderland. Un'immagine così rassicurante e desiderabile del Giappone è stata determinante per ridurre la cultura giapponese allo stato di un insieme di oggetti mercificabili.
Se il Mikado Bazaar dimostra come le tendenze nazionali e globali possano essere viste nel Nord Est dell'Inghilterra e come questi negozi diventino dei mediatori che diffondono fenomeni culturali per la comunità locale, il Japanese Shop di Darlington riflette una tendenza complementare.
Probabilmente ispirato da eventi a tema giapponese organizzati in città, il proprietario del Japanese Shop di Darlington ha sfruttato la popolarità già consolidata dei temi giapponesi tra i membri della comunità locale per associare articoli non giapponesi all'eccellenza estetica comunemente attribuita alle tradizioni artistiche giapponesi.In the second half of the nineteenth century, many European countries and North America were hit by a great wave of interest in all things Japanese. This article examines how local retailers played a central role in spreading this cultural phenomenon in a peripheral region, namely the
North East of England.
Through more or less specialist shops, Japanese decorative articles such as textiles, ceramics, lacquerware, and fans became accessible in the North East at the same time as many other parts of Great Britain. By drawing upon newspaper advertisements, it has been possible to demonstrate that
local retailers promoted the same idealised vision of pre-modern Japan that was intertwined with the countrywide desire for cosmopolitanism.
The Mikado Bazaar in Sunderland exploited this new pattern of consumption by arranging a multifaceted shopping experience through which customers could virtually travel to an idealised Japan without leaving Sunderland. Such a reassuring and desirable image of Japan was instrumental in reducing Japanese culture to the state of a commodifiable set of objects.
While the Mikado Bazaar demonstrates how national and global trends can be seen in the North East of England and how such shops become mediators disseminating cultural phenomena for the local community; the Japanese Shop in Darlington reflects the complementary tendency.
Probably inspired by Japan-themed events organised in Darlington, the owner of the Japanese Shop in Darlington took advantage of the already established popularity of Japanese themes among the members of the local community in order to associate non-Japanese articles to the aesthetic excellence commonly attributed to Japanese artistic traditions