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Chancen und Risiken von ChatGPT : vom angemessenen Umgang mit Künstlicher Sprachintelligenz
No full textChatGPT ist ein leistungsstarker Chatbot, der nach Eingabe konkreter Aufforderungen maßgeschneiderte Texte erstellt und Entwickler beim Programmieren unterstützen kann. Dazu bildet das GPT-Modell, ein „Large Language Model“ (LLM), Muster auf ein statistisches Modell ab, die dem Nutzer eine Antwort auf eine Frage generieren. Durch die große mediale Aufmerksamkeit, mit der ChatGPT eingeführt wurde, haben eine Vielzahl von Nutzern die potenziellen Chancen dieser Technologie kennengelernt. Jedoch birgt ChatGPT auch eine Reihe von Risiken.
In diesem Artikel werden sowohl die Chancen als auch die Risiken von ChatGPT umfassend, insbesondere im Bereich Cyber-Sicherheit, betrachtet
Comparative Study of Corrosion Performance of LVOF-Sprayed Ni-Based Composite Coatings Produced Using Standard and Reducing Flame Spray Stoichiometry
No full textCoating efficiency and quality can be significantly improved by carefully optimizing the coating parameters. Particularly in the flame spray method, the oxygen/fuel ratio, which is classified
as oxidizing flame stoichiometry (excess oxygen) and reduces flame stoichiometry (excess acetylene), and spray distance are the most critical factors, as they correlate significantly with coating porosity and corrosion performance. Hence, understanding the effects of these parameters is essential to further minimize the porosity, improving the corrosion performance of thermally sprayed coatings. In this work, a NiWCrBSi alloy coating was deposited via the oxyacetylene flame spray/Flexicord-wire (FS/FC) method. The effect of the flame oxygen/fuel ratio and spray distance on the microstructure properties and corrosion behavior of the coatings was investigated. Afterwards, the microstructure, phases’ compositions, spray distance, and corrosion performance were studied. The equivalent circuit
model was proposed, and the corrosion mechanism was discussed. The obtained results highlight that the oxygen-to-fuel ratio is a promising solution for the further application of flame spray/Flexicordwire (FS/FC) cermet coatings in hostile environments. Depending on the flame’s oxygen/fuel ratio,
careful selection of the flame stoichiometry provides low porosity and high corrosion performance
Die europäische Sustainable Finance-Regulierung und der deutsche Mittelstand
Get PDFThe European Sustainable Finance regulation is primarily focused on capital markets, requiring companies to disclose extensive data. However, these regulations pose challenges for German SMEs, which rely heavily on bank financing. A survey showed that 60% of SMEs invest in sustainability, but external financing remains limited. The EU's approach may need adjustments, such as creating a voluntary sustainability reporting standard for SMEs and developing a streamlined approach for green loans
Wohnsitzpflicht für Erwerb landwirtschaftlicher Flächen verstößt gegen EU-Recht (EuGH 18.01.2024 - C-563/22)
No full textDie europäische Sustainable Finance-Regulierung und der deutsche Mittelstand
No full textThe European Sustainable Finance regulation is primarily focused on capital markets, requiring companies to disclose extensive data. However, these regulations pose challenges for German SMEs, which rely heavily on bank financing. A survey showed that 60% of SMEs invest in sustainability, but external financing remains limited. The EU's approach may need adjustments, such as creating a voluntary sustainability reporting standard for SMEs and developing a streamlined approach for green loans
Worth Every Penny: The Invaluable Returns of Investing in Intercultural and Interdisciplinary Project-Based Learning in Higher Education
Get PDFWhen organizing intercultural and interdisciplinary Project-Based Learning (PBL) activities across Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), the organizational and resource implications, along with the associated financial challenges, soon become crucial. Even promising approaches may not take off as a simple ‘return on investment’ view and funding decision may not fully address their various impacts on students, staff, institutions and society.
This paper explores the experiences within a distributed interdisciplinary project-based learning program run from 2020 to 2023 and involving more than 150 students from four continents learning 21st century skills by collaborating over one semester to address real-world problems faced by clients in partner countries. While the primary goal of this distributed interdisciplinary and intercultural project-based learning program was to offer students a truly Global Intercultural Project Experience (GIPE), this paper explores its broader impact. We found that the program significantly influenced both the academic and administrative staff at all partner universities. Furthermore, we examine the program's effect on the participating institutions themselves over the four-year period. Our conclusion is that the invaluable benefits of such interdisciplinary project-based learning extend well beyond financial metrics. They include enhanced student learning experiences, strengthened cooperation and mutual learning between academics and administrative staff, improved institutional reputation, and positive societal impact.
Thus, we worked hard to convince both our university management and the world's largest funding organisation for the international exchange of students and researchers to grant financial support for another 3-year period in 2025 to 2027 during which the GIPE concept will be further developed and a permanent organizational structure shall be established based on an extended network of partner institutions and sponsors around the world
Spatial effects of carbon pricing on transport equity
Get PDFThere is an ongoing process that greenhouse gas emissions of transport will be incorporated in the European Emissions Trading System. The cap-and-trade approach will result in substantial price increases for fossil fuels which will affect affordability of the transport systems. Within this paper the regressive effect on car-owning households is described in different area categories of the urban and rural region in Germany. Equal-per-household redistribution of the carbon revenue could reverse the regressive effect into a progressive effect. However, there is substantial variation within the different economic status groups leaving notable shares of households with a very low economic status without a positive net transfer. This share will be lowest in the metropolises of the urban region and highest in small-sized cities/village areas of the urban and rural region. Particularly in the latter area categories, these households may need temporary mobility allowances due to limited abatement options. Despite the environmental bonus, electric car-owning households still belong to groups of higher economic status, and public transport supply is limited, particularly in the small-sized cities/village areas of the urban and rural region
Efficient Learning Processes by Design: Analysis of Usage Patterns in Differently Designed Digital Self-Learning Environments
No full textThe relevance of e-learning for higher education has resulted in a wide variety of online self-learning materials over the last decade like pedagogical agents (PA) or learning games. Regardless of this variety, educators wonder whether they can make use of these tools for their goals and if so, which tool to choose and in which context a specific tool performs best. To do so, the collection and analysis of learning data – referred to as Learning Analytics (LA) – is required. Along with digital learning environments the possibilities of applying LA are growing. Often, LA focuses on data that can easily be quantified: drop-out quota, time or grade performance. To facilitate learning in a more procedural sense, a deeper understanding of learners’ behavior in specific contexts with specific exercise designs is desired. This study therefore focuses on usage patterns. Learners’ movements through three different designs of mathematical exercises – (i) plain exercises, (ii) PA supported and (iii) fantasy game design – are analyzed with Markov chains. The results of an experiment with 503 students inform about which design facilitates what kind of learning. While the PA design lets learners enter more partial solutions, the fantasy game design facilitates exercise repetition
An automated Calculation Pipeline for Differential Pair Interaction Energies with Molecular Force Fields using the Tinker Molecular Modeling Package
No full textAn automated pipeline for comprehensive calculation of intermolecular interaction energies based on molecular force-fields using the Tinker molecular modelling package is presented. Starting with non-optimized chemically intuitive monomer structures, the pipeline allows the approximation of global minimum energy monomers and dimers, configuration sampling for various monomer-monomer distances, estimation of coordination numbers by molecular dynamics simulations, and the evaluation of differential pair interaction energies. The latter are used to derive Flory-Huggins parameters and isotropic particle-particle repulsions for Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD). The computational results for force fields MM3, MMFF94, OPLSAA and AMOEBA09 are analyzed with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and DPD simulations for a mixture of the non-ionic polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactant C10E4 with water to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach
Erholt und engagiert am Arbeitsplatz – Mentales Abschalten nach der Arbeit als Mediator zwischen Servant Leadership und freiwilligem Arbeitsengagement
No full textDie kognitive Distanzierung von Arbeitsinhalten wahrend der arbeitsfreien Zeit (psychological detachment) stellt einen wichtigen Faktor für Erholung, Wohlbefinden und andauernde
Leistungsfähigkeit von Beschäftigten dar. Die Antezedenzien von mentalem Abschalten nach der Arbeit sind jedoch bisweilen nur unzureichend untersucht worden; dies gilt insbesondere für Variablen im unmittelbaren Arbeitsumfeld von Mitarbeitern. Was können Organisationen tun, um das mentale Abschalten ihrer Mitarbeiter in der Freizeit zu fordern? Basierend auf einer Kombination aus dem Stressor–Detachment Model und der Theorie der Ressourcenerhaltung gehen wir davon aus, dass Servant Leadership als Prädiktor von mentalem Abschalten nach der Arbeit betrachtet werden kann, welches sich wiederum positiv auf freiwilliges Arbeitsengagement (Organizational Citizenship Behavior), auswirkt. Die Hypothesen testen wir mittels Querschnittsdesign mit N = 121 Mitarbeitern eines Technologiekonzerns. Es werden Zeitintervalle zwischen den Erhebungszeitpunkten sowie Fremdbeurteilungen eingesetzt, um das Risiko von Methodenverzerrung zu minimieren. Die Ergebnisse eines Strukturgleichungsmodells zeigen hypothesenkonform, dass mentales Abschalten nach der Arbeit den Zusammenhang zwischen Servant Leadership und freiwilligem Arbeitsengagement teilweise mediiert. Implikationen für die Praxis und Ansatzpunkte für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten werden diskutiert