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Arbeitsschutz und betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung - vergleichende Analyse der Prädiktoren und Moderatoren guter Praxis
No full textThe Dark Triad of Personality: Construct validation of a structured interview to measure narcissism, Machiavellianism and subclinical psychopathy
No full textPurpose
So far, there are several approaches of measuring the Dark Triad traits, but still all of them are
personality questionnaires with at least questionable usability for applied contexts such as Human
Resource Management.
The purpose of the study is the development of a structured interview with the aim of measuring the Dark Triad in a rather qualitative way that increases social validity for the respondents.
Design/Methodology/Approach/Intervention
In the present study, 15 executives from the telecommunications industry were interviewed on their personal evaluation of management success and derailment. Afterwards, their personality traits of the Dark Triad were measured with the help of the Short Dark Triad Scale. Subsequently, the data from qualitative and quantitative research were examined for correlations using the mixed-method approach.
Results
The results of the mixed-method approach showed a statistically significant correlation between the Short Dark Triad Scale and the ratings for narcissism, Machiavellianism and subclinical psychopathy in the Dark Triad interview.
Limitations
Replicating the results in a bigger sample and a deeper investigation of the criterion-related validity as well as an integration of multiple raters can provide more confidence in our results.
Research/Practical Implications
Structured interviews allow the measurement of personality traits in a more convenient way especially in personnel selection and development processes. Identifying subclinical traits in leadership candidates can, e.g. prevent management derailment.
Originality/Value
The present study advances the measurement methods of the Dark Triad
Thermal 360° micro drone: Operational exercise under a fire roller at the Dortmund fire house
No full textThe 360° video shows an operational exercise of our new 360° + thermal camera video mini drone (18x18x18 cm) in the fire house in Dortmund. The thermal video is overlaid with the 360° video. The exercise was also accompanied by WDR (https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/wdr-dok/unser-leben-mit-ki-wie-kuenstliche-intelligenz-unsere-arbeit-revolutioniert/wdr/Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtODRjYWI5NjQtYjAxYS00NjdiLThjODgtYzViMGVmNTY3OThj from minute 7:16). The winds occurring during the fire are a particular challenge for the small drone and the pilot
Reproducible Superinsulation Materials: Organosilica-Based Hybrid Aerogels with Flexibility Control
No full textIn this study, we report highly crosslinked hybrid aerogels with an organic backbone based on vinylmethyldimethoxysilane (VMDMS) with tuneable properties. For an improved and highly reproducible synthesis, a prepolymer based on 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4V4) and VMDMS as monomers was prepared and purified. Di-tert-butylperoxide (DTBP) concentrations of 1 mol% initiate the radical polymerization of the mentioned monomers to achieve high yields of polymers. After purification, the obtained viscous polyorganosilane precursor could be reproducibly crosslinked with dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMS) or methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) to form gels in benzylic alcohol (BzOH), water (H2O) and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH). Whereas freeze-drying these silica-based hybrid aerogels led to high thermal conductivity (>20 mW m−1K−1) and very fragile materials, useful aerogels were obtained via solvent exchange and supercritical drying with CO2. The DMDMS-based aerogels exhibit enhanced compressibility (31% at 7 kPa) and low thermal conductivity (16.5 mW m−1K−1) with densities around (0.111 g cm−3). The use of MTMS results in aerogels with lower compressibility (21% at 7 kPa) and higher density (0.124 g cm−3) but excellent insulating properties (14.8 mW m−1K−1)
MARGE (Germany)
No full textAbstract
This case describes the difficulties of business succession from a successor’s perspective. The case is based on a real metalworking family business in an old industrial region in Germany. The key issues are challenges that, Michelle and Adrian, two second-generation successors within one company, face in teambuilding and finding their own place within the corporation and their team. The case is divided into two parts: Part 1 is a newspaper article about the succession process that points out stereotypes and writing styles in reporting on entrepreneurship/succession in the media. Part 2 is the succession story written from Michelle’s perspective and highlights challenges that female successors face in traditional male-dominated areas, for instance, when it comes to questions of balancing work and family needs. The case addresses issues relating to entrepreneurship and business succession classes, with sociological and psychological overtones
Assessing the response of an urban stream ecosystem to salinization under different flow regimes
No full textAbstract
Urban streams are exposed to a variety of anthropogenic stressors. Freshwater salinization is a key stressor in these ecosystems that is predicted to be further exacerbated by climate change, which causes simultaneous changes in flow parameters, potentially resulting in non-additive effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, the effects of salinization and flow velocity on urban streams are still poorly understood as multiple-stressor experiments are often conducted at pristine rather than urban sites. Therefore, we conducted a mesocosm experiment at the Boye River, a recently restored stream located in a highly urbanized area in Western Germany, and applied recurrent pulses of salinity along a gradient (NaCl, 9 h daily of +0 to +2.5 mS/cm) in combination with normal and reduced current velocities (20 cm/s vs. 10 cm/s). Using a comprehensive assessment across multiple organism groups (macroinvertebrates, eukaryotic algae, fungi, parasites) and ecosystem functions (primary production, organic-matter decomposition), we show that flow velocity reduction has a pervasive impact, causing community shifts for almost all assessed organism groups (except fungi) and inhibiting organic-matter decomposition. Salinization affected only dynamic components of community assembly by enhancing invertebrate emigration via drift and reducing fungal reproduction. We caution that the comparatively small impact of salt in our study can be due to legacy effects from past salt pollution by coal mining activities >30 years ago. Nevertheless, our results suggest that urban stream management should prioritize the continuity of a minimum discharge to maintain ecosystem integrity. Our study exemplifies a holistic approach for the assessment of multiple-stressor impacts on streams, which is needed to inform the establishment of a salinity threshold above which mitigation actions must be taken
Dynamische Strompreistarife und deren Wirkung auf den Stromverbrauch
Get PDFAnlass der Studie ist das im Juli 2024 vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz BMWK herausgegebene „Strommarktdesign der Zukunft : Optionen für ein sicheres, bezahlbares und nachhaltiges Stromsystem“ [BMWK 2024]. Das Strommarktdesign solle einen Paradigmenwechsel im Strommarkt herbeiführen. Eingeführt werden soll ein Kapazitätsmarkt, eine Art systemische Grundgebühr, zur Finanzierung unwirtschaftlicher Investitionen in künftig nur wenig auslastbare Kraftwerke. Zudem sollen die Stromverbraucher als Regelkomponente in einer zukünftig volatilen Stromversorgung eingesetzt werden. Die Motivation hierzu soll mit Hilfe dynamischer Stromtarife gelingen. Vorliegende Studie befasst sich insbesondere mit der potentiellen Wirkung dynamischer Strom-preise auf den Stromverbrauch. Hierzu wird das Einsparpotenzial bei Nutzung dieser Stromtarife untersucht. Empirische Befunde aus Deutschland und Schweden unterfüttern und erweitern diese Untersuchung mit Blick auf die erhoffte Beeinflussbarkeit des künftigen, den politischen Energiewende-Planungen unterworfenen Stromversorgungssystems.
Die Untersuchungsergebnisse werden wie folgt interpretiert:
• In „Smart-Grids“ können dynamische Stromtarife das Verbraucherverhalten bei einem Einsparpotential von 10 bis 15% begrenzt beeinflussen.
• Der Einfluss beschränkt sich auf lokale Stromversorgungsnetze.
• Der Stromverbrauch wird in dem Sinne vergleichmäßigt, dass tageweise auftretende Lastspitzen und Lasttäler sich durch Lastverschiebungen ausgeglichener darstellen. Die Differenz der beiden Tagesextremwerte könnte um bis zu 20% sinken.
• Der jährliche Stromverbrauch wird hierdurch nicht wahrnehmbar beeinflusst. Der qualitative Verlauf des Lastgangs ebenso wenig.
• Die Vergleichmäßigung ist in dem Sinne netzdienlich, dass nur unzureichend ausgebaute Ortsnetze durch die künftige zunehmende Beanspruchung durch Elektromobilität und Wärmepumpen nicht überbeansprucht werden bzw. dass deren sowieso notwendiger Ausbau in etwas reduzierter Weise ausgeführt werden kann.
• Die grundlegenden Probleme bzw. Herausforderungen des geplant volatilen Gesamtstromversorgungssystems lassen sich durch Einsatz der Stromverbraucher als system-dienliches Regelglied nicht lösen. Dazu ist ihre Wirkung im Vergleich zur über das Jahr gemittelten Last zu gering. Der gewünschte Ausgleich sollte besser mit Hilfe geeigneter Speicher statt mit humanen Ressourcen als Regelglied gelöst werden.
Prinzipiell kann die geplante Flexibilisierung des Strommarktes als eine gut vermittelbare und von den Stromkunden nur schlecht zu erkennende Form der Energierationierung durch Preismechanismen gesehen werden. Energierationierungen signalisieren oft strukturelle Probleme im Energiesektor eines Landes. Die Frage, ob der vom BMWK vorgeschlagene Paradigmenwechsel bereits in diese Richtung zielt, darf zusammen mit den derzeit immer offener und häufiger zutage tretenden, bisher noch verkraftbaren Dysfunktionalitäten der derzeitigen Stromversorgung durchaus in Betracht gezogen werden
Disintermediation? Herkunft und Zukunft des bank-basierten Finanzsystems
Get PDFThe question of the optimal design of financial systems, whether more bank-based or more market-based, has a long history. Four phases of the discussion can be distinguished: Before World War I, in the rivalry between Germany and England, the debate begins. Across the spectrum, from the liberal Adolf Weber to the Marxist Rudolf Hilferding and the eclectic Joseph Schumpeter, comparisons were made, and the heterogenous authors arrived at similar assessments. During the Cold War, in contrast to the Soviet-Russian model, Alexander Gerschenkron’s depiction with the advantages of backwardness became influential. After the 1990s and in line with the Varieties of Capitalism approach, the discussion led by Ross Levine resulted in a consensus where different financial systems were embedded in their broader institutional context. The current discussion attempts to prove the superiority of capital markets, pointing to the American system as example
