OOPS - Oldenburger Online-Publikations-Server (Univ. Oldenburg)
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Current diagnosis and treatment practice for pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a survey study in Germany (PUsH BPD)
No full textPulmonary hypertension (PH) is the most severe complication in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and associated with significant mortality. Diagnostic and treatment strategies, however, still lack standardization. By the use of a survey study (PH in BPD), we assessed clinical practice (diagnosis, treatment, follow-up) in preterm infants with early postnatal persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) as well as at risk for or with established BPD-associated PH between 06/2018 and 10/2020 in two-thirds of all German perinatal centers with >70 very low birthweight infants/year including their cardiology departments and outpatient units. Data were analyzed descriptively by measures of locations and distributional shares. In routine postnatal care, clinical presentation and echocardiography were reported as the main diagnostic modalities to screen for PPHN in preterm infants, whereas biomarkers brain natriuretic peptide/N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide were infrequently used. For PPHN treatment, inhaled nitric oxide was used in varying frequency. The majority of participants agreed to prescribe diuretics and steroids (systemic/inhaled) for infants at risk for or with established BPD-associated PH and strongly agreed on recommending respiratory syncytial virus immunization and the use of home monitoring upon discharge. Reported oxygen saturation targets, however, varied in these patients in in- and outpatient care. The survey reveals shared practices in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for preterms with PPHN and BPD-associated PH in Germany. Future studies are needed to agree on detailed echo parameters and biomarkers to diagnose and monitor disease next to a much-needed agreement on the use of pulmonary vasodilators, steroids, and diuretics as well as target oxygen saturation levels
An empirical comparison of moderated and unmoderated gesture elicitation studies on soft surfaces and objects for smart home control
No full textConducting gesture elicitation studies (GES) in personal spaces such as smart homes is crucial to achieving high ecological validity of elicited gestures. However, supervising such studies is considered intrusive and negatively affects the results' quality. The alternative is to conduct unsupervised GES under similar conditions, but more side-by-side comparisons documenting the similarities and differences between both approaches are necessary. Consequently, we need more data describing the preferred approach and whether the differences or similarities in the results are so significant to cause concern. This research distributed a DIY observation kit, which 30 participants assembled and used to propose gestures for controlling elements in a smart living room using a pillow's surface, with and without supervision. Our results show that gestures from supervised and unsupervised studies differ in quantity and max-consensus but not in gesture Agreement Scores. Our results also show that participants preferred conducting unsupervised studies but proposed fewer gesture sets in this condition
Selbstprädikation JHWHs und Herausführungsformel in der Dekalogeröffnung Ex 20,2–6/Dtn 5,6–10: zur Theologie eines Gottesbildes und seiner religions- und rechtsgeschichtlichen Entwicklung
No full textDer Beitrag von Benedikt Hensel unter dem Titel »Selbstprädikation JHWHs und Herausführungsformel in der Dekalogeröffnung Ex 20,2–6/Dtn 5,6–10. Zur Theologie eines Gottesbildes und seiner religions- und rechtsgeschichtlichen Entwicklung« nimmt es sich zur Aufgabe, an der knappen, aber zentralen Got- tesprädikation Ex 20,2/Dtn 5,6 die Theologie dieses Gottesbildes und seine lite- rarische wie historische Genese zu beleuchten. Die Vorrede des Dekalogs in bei- den Dekalogversionen, des Exodusdekalogs wie auch des Deuteronomiumsdeka- logs, umfasst dabei strukturell wie auch sachlich den gesamten Einleitungsteil Ex 20,2–6 wie auch Dtn 5,6–10, der daher im Folgenden mitzubetrachten sein wird. Vier Kernspekte eruiert Hensel hierbei: (1.) »Ich bin JHWH« – der Exodus- gott als Gegenentwurf zur imperialen Königsideologie der Assyrer und Babylo- nier; (2.) Der Exodusgott als Gesetzgeber: zu einer theologie- und kulturge- schichtlichen Innovation; (3.) Der Exodusgott als Bundstifter. Zum Verhältnis von Dekalog, Bund und Gesetz in den rückblickenden Perspektiven des Deute- ronomiums, und (4.) »(...) dein Gott, der ich dich aus Ägypten geführt habe«: eine Wesensbestimmung JHWHs. Hensel arbeitet heraus, dass das Exodusgottesbild mit der kulturgeschichtlichen Innovation der Vorstellung Gottes als Gesetzgeber originär verbunden ist. Der Beitrag zeigt darüber hinaus, dass Exodus- und Mig- rationsmotiv im Gottesbild sowohl ideologiekritisch als auch rechts- und bundes- theologisch ausgewertet werden und das so evozierte Gottesbild mit Blick auf eine regelrechte Wesensbestimmung JHWHs als Exodus- und Migrationsgottheit sachlich präzisiert wird. Sachlich liegt mit der Dekalogeinleitung und dem darin profilierten Gottesbild eine Zuspitzung einer theologischen Grundfigur vor, die bereits in der älteren Mose-Exodus-Erzählung (Ex 2–Jos 12*) aus dem späten 8./7. Jh. v.Chr. angelegt ist, nämlich ein kritischer Gegenentwurf zur imperialen Herrschaftsideologie der neuassyrischen (und bedenkt man den Entstehungshorizont des Dekalogs: auch der neubabylonischen) Großkönige, deren Funktion durch JHWH vollumfänglich ersetzt wird
Binaural-projection multichannel Wiener filter for cue-preserving binaural speech enhancement
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Wildlife trafficking as a societal supply chain risk: Removing the parasite without damaging the host?
No full textHumanity's intrusion into nature—with the objective of selling animals and plants as medicine, food, and tourist attractions—is detrimental not only to biodiversity and the health of ecosystems but also to local communities, global society, and human health. Often, traffickers exploit legal supply chains to secretly move endangered species and protected wildlife to end consumers. Serendipitous discoveries of wildlife trafficking attempts raise concerns that existing efforts to prevent wildlife trafficking and other criminal exploitation of legal supply chains brought about by international laws, regulations, and voluntary initiatives may often fail. Indeed, most supply chains are designed for economic purposes such as efficiency or responsiveness rather than security. Scholarship in supply chain management has thus far dedicated scarce attention to the overarching phenomenon of illegal exploitation of otherwise legal supply chains, referred to as “supply chain infiltration.” Because we were unable to speak with perpetrators directly, we obtained insights from expert stakeholders in order to study the delicate and covert topic of what makes supply chains vulnerable to wildlife trafficking, as well as how this vulnerability can be mitigated. Our data set comprises 37 semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable stakeholders concerning wildlife trafficking, specifically in maritime supply chains. This research develops a model that explains supply-chain-related vulnerabilities to wildlife trafficking and elaborates regarding how respective actors can contribute in addressing this understudied issue. We introduce the concept of “societal supply chain risk” to refer to hazards that emanate from or materialize within supply chains, which primarily affect actors in the supply chain context—and possibly even humanity in its entirety. Our research calls for more supply chain research, exploring situations in which individual firms may not be affected but can contribute to the solution
A model framework for simulating spatial hearing of bilateral cochlear implant users
No full textBilateral cochlear implants (CIs) greatly improve spatial hearing acuity for CI users, but substantial gaps still exist compared to normal-hearing listeners. For example, CI users have poorer localization skills, little or no binaural unmasking, and reduced spatial release from masking. Multiple factors have been identified that limit binaural hearing with CIs. These include degradation of cues due to the various sound processing stages, the viability of the electrode-neuron interface, impaired brainstem neurons, and deterioration in connectivity between different cortical layers. To help quantify the relative importance and inter-relationship between these factors, computer models can and arguably should be employed. While models exploring single stages are often in good agreement with selected experimental data, their combination often does not yield a comprehensive and accurate simulation of perception. Here, we combine information from CI sound processing with computational auditory model stages in a modular and open-source framework, resembling an artificial bilateral CI user. The main stages are (a) binaural signal generation with optional head-related impulse response filtering, (b) generic CI sound processing not restricted to a specific manufacturer, (c) electrode-to-neuron transmission, (d) binaural interaction, and (e) a decision model. The function and the outputs of different model stages are demonstrated with examples of localization experiments. However, the model framework is not tailored to a specific dataset. It offers a selection of sound coding strategies and allows for third-party model extensions or substitutions; thus, it is possible to employ the model for a wide range of binaural applications and even for educational purposes
