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Development of a New Low-Cost Indoor Mapping System – System Design, System Calibration and First Results
Get PDFFor mapping of building interiors various 2D and 3D indoor surveying systems are available today. These systems essentially differ from each other by price and accuracy as well as by the effort required for fieldwork and post-processing. The Laboratory for Photogrammetry & Laser Scanning of HafenCity University (HCU) Hamburg has developed, as part of an industrial project, a lowcost indoor mapping system, which enables systematic inventory mapping of interior facilities with low staffing requirements and reduced, measurable expenditure of time and effort. The modelling and evaluation of the recorded data take place later in the office. The indoor mapping system of HCU Hamburg consists of the following components: laser range finder, panorama head (pan-tilt-unit), single-board computer (Raspberry Pi) with digital camera and battery power supply. The camera is pre-calibrated in a photogrammetric test field under laboratory conditions. However, remaining systematic image errors are corrected simultaneously within the generation of the panorama image. Due to cost reasons the camera and laser range finder are not coaxially arranged on the panorama head. Therefore, eccentricity and alignment of the laser range finder against the camera must be determined in a system calibration. For the verification of the system accuracy and the system calibration, the laser points were determined from measurements with total stations. The differences to the reference were 4-5mm for individual coordinates
On your roofs - get set - green!
Get PDFHamburg is the first German city to have developed a comprehensive green roof strategy, aiming to plant a total of 100 hectares of roof surface in the city in the coming decade, to deal with the challenges climate change, densification, biodiversity, and air quality. The strategy combines different policy instruments: incentives, public relations and regulation. The implementation process comprises an incentive programme about 3 Mill. Euro, combined with mandatory requirements and quality standards. A local communication campaign is to raise awareness and knowledge among important actors. In the context of the ongoing scientific support in the implementation of the strategy, the strategy is being assessed to identify success factors of- and barriers to the successful implementation. In the first, qualitative assessment it is found that the essence of the success of the green roof strategy lies in the comprehensive approach, with the three action points enhancing each other in a continuous process
Potential and Risk for Zero-Energy-Buildings under Defined Urban Densities
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to develop a method to evaluate the potential and risk of renewable energy development by examining the land-use requirement of zero energy building (ZEB). To date there is still a lack of knowledge about which kind of building and which kind of building arrangement would be optimal to save as much as possible land for compensating measures of ZEB. How does the compensating area change with number of floors or plot ratio? Does the compensating area required by one unit of area of use increase or decrease with the number of floors and plot ratio? We intend to develop a method to address these questions and draw the attention to further explore the relationship among the variables. Some of the suggestions about the planning of land-use requirement of energy production could be derived from our preliminary results: 1) to save land for compensating measure, small number of floors should be used; 2) to save land in general, high plot ratio should be used. And, within the high plot ratio, small number of floors should be used. With the results of this research, we hope to contribute to the discussion about urban sprawl and compact city. We also hope to further advance the investigation about the relationship between urban density and energy production. It may also encourage land-use policy makers to include land-use requirement of renewable energy production into consideration
Evaluation of sustainable water management strategies for urban renovation projects in Bogota, Colombia
Get PDFResembling several cities in developing countries, intense rural-urban migration starting in the 1950’s led to an extremely rapid urban development in Bogota, the
capital city of Colombia. Together with a poor urban water management, this has resulted in the worsening of water quality; channelization and interring of rivers;
destruction of wetlands; and the growth of lowincome neighborhoods on river floodplains. Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) is defined as a design approach which integrates local natural hydrological cycles into urban planning and development projects. Private surfaces constitute a large share of Bogota’s land, making it necessary to include WSUD practices in private developments.
This thesis, using the ET-CAN development project as case study, realizes a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the performance of two WSUD
strategies: Green Roof and Rainwater Harvesting and Use Systems, for the specific characteristics of Bogota. The assessment has been based on water management criteria, together with additional environmental and financial aspects. Results evidence that the use of both strategies would be successful
and complementary. A holistic analysis on the effects related to the implementation of both strategies results into optimized designs which, supported by sensible policy incentives, could reduce the impacts of decades
of poor urban water management in Bogota
Der Wert eines partizipativen Ideenlabors – Ein methodologischer Versuch am Beispiel des Realexperiments Nexthamburg
Get PDFAn vielen Orten stoßen staatliche Angebote der Bürgerbeteiligung auf eine spürbare Unzufriedenheit von Bürgern mit Projekten und Prozessen der Stadtentwicklung. Zugleich zeugt eine unübersehbare Vielzahl von stadtentwicklungspolitisch wirksamen Aktivitäten und Interventionen davon, dass Menschen nicht länger warten, bis sie beteiligt werden. Sie ermächtigen sich selber und werden zu aktiven „Stadtmachern“.
In diesem Spannungsfeld ist 2009 unter dem Namen Nexthamburg ein partizipatives Realexperiment gestartet, das den Ansatz der offenen Innovation (Open Innovation) auf das Feld der Stadtentwicklung überträgt und versucht, Bürgern die Möglichkeit zu geben, eigene Impulse für die Stadtentwicklung zu setzen. An immer mehr Orten wird diese Form des „urbanen Crowdsourcing“ durch unterschiedliche Akteure erprobt – in dieser Arbeit wird es als „partizipatives Ideenlabor“ in die Landschaft partizipativer Ansätze eingeordnet.
Nach fünf Jahren des Realexperiments ist es Zeit für eine Bilanz: Welchen Wert erzeugt das Sammeln von Ideen für die Stadt? Sind tatsächlich Impulse für die Stadtentwicklung gesetzt worden? Woran lässt sich der Wert partizipativen Ideenlabors für eine offene Stadtentwicklungsdiskussion überhaupt festmachen? Allerdings lässt sich der Wert eines Beteiligungsprozesses nur schwer belegen, wenn er – wie im Fall eines partizipativen Ideenlabors – nicht unmittelbar auf eine politische oder planerische Entscheidung bezogen ist. An dieser Problematik setzt die Arbeit an.
Ausgehend von Ansätzen aus der Partizipationsforschung und der Open Innovation wird anhand des Fallbeispiels Nexthamburg eine Methode entwickelt, die einen Beitrag leisten soll, den substanziellen (auf die Ergebnisse bezogenen) und den prozessualen Wert von offenen Ideensammlungen zu ermitteln. Dabei wird auch versucht, die prozessualen Schwachstellen des Realexperiments im Hinblick auf seine Bewertbarkeit offen zu legen.
Die Untersuchung erfolgt auf drei Ebenen: Zunächst werden die über 900 Projektideen der Nexthamburg-Ideensammlung den Ideen eines verfassten Ideen-Sammlungsprozesses gegenüber gestellt und in Hinblick auf Machbarkeit, Reifegrad, Problemlösegehalt und Innovativität ausgewertet. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Veränderung der Ideenqualität über die ersten fünf Jahre des Nexthamburg-Prozesses hinweg – das Realexperiment Nexthamburg bietet durch seine Prozessdauer eine hierfür einmalige Datenquelle. Es zeigt sich, dass der Wert der Ideen in unterschiedlichen Phasen des Prozesses und unterschiedlichen Themenfeldern Veränderungen unterworfen ist und stark von Faktoren der Prozessdramaturgie und dem Kanal der Ideeneingabe abhängt.
Die zweite Ebene der Untersuchung befasst sich mit dem Wert der Online-Community von Nexthamburg. Es zeigt sich, dass zwar eine große Anzahl von Menschen erreicht wurde, aber auch Nexthamburg nur einen geringen Anteil an wiederholt aktiven Beitragenden aufweisen kann und damit das typische Muster der Aktivitätsverteilung in sozialen Netzwerken reproduziert.
Die dritte Ebene der Untersuchung adressiert den Wert und die wahrgenommene Rolle von Nexthamburg als Akteur der Stadtentwicklung. Es zeigt sich, dass der Wert des Akteurs nicht allein anhand seiner substanziellen Ergebnisse gemessen wird, sondern auch an seine Rolle als „Testlabor“ für neue partizipative Methoden gekoppelt ist. Es wird aber auch deutlich, dass die Idee der Open Innovation, die auf Umwegwirkung setzt, im Feld der Stadtentwicklung nur bedingt funktioniert. Stärker als im Feld der technischen Innovationen brauchen raumpolitische Innovationen ein aktives „Kümmern“ um Wirkung – die im technologischen Feld ausgeprägte Open Source-Kultur ist im Feld der Stadtentwicklung bisher kaum ausgeprägt.
Zum Schluss der Arbeit wird die Frage aufgeworfen, welche Konsequenzen die zunehmende Community-Orientierung in der Stadtentwicklung hat. Es wird die Gefahr eines Zerfalls des politischen Raums der Stadt in eine Addition von „Ego-Dörfern“ beschrieben. Der Ansatz des partizipativen Ideenlabors kann der Verstärkung dieses Trends nur entgegenwirken, wenn er sich darum bemüht, möglichst viele Interessen abzubilden und sich um maximales „offen halten“ der Deliberation bemüht – ein Anspruch, der der Notwendigkeit entgegen steht, Wirkung zu erzielen, was immer auch Parteinahme bedeutet. Die Auflösung dieses Dilemmas muss im Fokus der Weiterentwicklung des Modells stehen.
Im Bezug auf die erprobte Bewertungsmethode macht die Arbeit den Stellenwert eines laufenden und systematischen Monitorings lang laufender Deliberations- und Partizipationsprozesse deutlich. Auch, wenn im Rahmen der Arbeit ein erstes Bild der im Realexperiment erzeugten Werte gezeichnet werden kann, bestehen doch Lücken bei notwendigen Daten. Wie die Notwendigkeit eines Monitorings mit der ebenfalls notwendigen Unverbindlichkeit und „Fluidität“ des Prozesses in Einklang gebracht werden kann, ist eine Weiterentwicklung noch nicht gelöste Fragestellung, die es weiter zu bearbeiten gilt.Today the field of participative urban development is facing new challenges. In many places participatory processes are confronted with a strong discontent of people about urban projects and processes. There is a clear demand for more co-creation that can not be satisfied in conventional processes. In the same time, a growing number of urban interventions and actives shows that people do not longer want to wait until the get participated. People start to empower themselves and turn into active „citymakers“.
From this background Nexthamburg started in 2009 as a participatory real-life-experiment, transferring the Open Innovation model to the field of urban development and inviting people to give their own impulse to urban development. This experiment stands for a new form of proactive and self-commissioned participation, which is not attached to current official projects and which is linked closely to the rise of social media and the network society. It tries to incorporate the knowledge of the crowd into urban development by opening up a platform for deliberation. This kind of participatory work is emerging in different places around the world and is described in the dissertation as a new model of participation – the „participatory idea laboratory“.
After the first five years of experimenting with Nexthamburg it is time to draw a balance. What effects and added values are created by collecting ideas for a city? What impulses were made? What sort of effects can be expected in general by opening up a participatory idea laboratory? These questions are addressing a core problem of participatory processes. More than ever, they have to prove that they add value to urban development, since they rise extra costs and lead to more complexity in planning. But how to measure a process that is not supposed to affect directly a given political decision and therefore can not only be measured by its political impacts?
This Dissertation tries to introduce and to test a method for evaluating the outcomes and the process quality that Nexthamburg effected by attaching to findings from two scientific fields: the evaluation of participatory processes and the evaluation of Open Innovation processes. Doing so, this dissertation also unveils the weak points of this special participatory model – especially in terms of evaluating it.
The research is covering three layers of evaluation. It starts with evaluating the 900 ideas that citizens have brought in during the first five years of Nexthamburg and comparing them to the outcomes of another process that has been led by the city of Hamburg. Criteria for evaluation are feasibility, grade of elaboration, „footprint“ and innovativity. A special attention is drawn to the development of idea quality during the span of the whole process, which turns out to be depending on process dramaturgy and communication channels. Ideas that have been brought in during events on site are in general more elaborated and of bigger value than ideas that have been brought in online. Especially when it comes to urbanistic „core topics“ like urban design, ideas tend to be of less value.
The second layer of evaluation is focusing the online-community. Nexthamburg has reached a large number of people, but only a small percentage have been returning „activists“, which is typical for activity patterns in social networks. Also significant is the relatively low activity of female contributors.
The third layer of evaluation addresses Nexthamburg and its role as an actor in urban development, examining the results of an online-survey among potential target groups and partners. The survey shows that Nexthamburg is not only valued by the outcomes and its impact on urban development, but strongly for its role as an innovator for participatory processes.
As a result it can be said that the concept of open innovation is not yet operating effectively in the field of urban development. When it comes to issues that touch political processes, it needs more active support to create impact than in the field of pure technical innovations – that is the home ground of the open innovation concept. It seems that yet there is no such „open source“-culture in urban development than it exists in the field of technical innovations.
It also becomes clear that a participatory think tank can not only be an intermediate as it intended to be. When it comes to the moment that people demand to create impact, it transforms to a party and looses its neutrality. This role-dilemma still is unsolved.
Regarding the methods of evaluation it gets clear that there is more need for a systematic monitoring of long term deliberation an d participation processes. Even it has been possible to draw a first impression on the added values and impacts of Nexthamburg, the research showed that more data and qualitative information would be needed to evaluate such processes properly. How to match the need for a constant monitoring with the fluidity and the need for noncommittal of such processes also is still unsolved and requires further research
Web-GIS-basierte Potenzialabschätzung des industriellen Abwärmeanfalls
Get PDFAbwärme aus industriellen und gewerblichen Prozessen sollte, wo technisch machbar und wirtschaftlich vertretbar, genutzt werden, denn nicht genutzte Abwärme bedeutet eine unvollständige Ausnutzung von i. d. R. knappen fossilen Brennstoffen. Ein mögliches Hemmnis für die Abwärmenutzung ist die fehlende Information über die räumliche Konstellation von Quellen und Senken. Idealerweise sollte für jede Abwärmequelle eine individuelle Potenzialanalyse zu ihrer Nutzung erfolgen. Sinnvoll ist auch, in einem ersten Schritt das Gesamtpotenzial von Abwärme in einer größeren Region abzuschätzen, um hohe Konzentrationen zu lokalisieren, die dann für tiefere Analysen priorisiert werden können. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Web-GIS-basierter Top-down-Ansatz vorgestellt, der die Daten des Emissionskatasters nutzt, um den industriellen Abwärmeanfall zu identifizieren und über den Tagesverlauf multi-temporal zu visualisieren.Industrial and commercial waste heat should be used where technically and economically feasible, as waste heat generation implies an incomplete use of primary fuels (often scarce and fossil). The lack of information about the geographical constellation of waste heat sources and sinks is likely a major impediment for its utilisation. To estimate the total amount of waste heat arising in a region, and identify areas of high concentrations, this paper presents a web-based GIS approach by using existing data of emissions inventories to dynamically visualise waste heat in the course of a day
Characteristics, emerging needs, and challenges of transdisciplinary sustainability science: experiences from the German Social-Ecological Research Program
Get PDFTransdisciplinary sustainability science (TSS) is a prominent way of scientifically contributing to the solution of sustainability problems. Little is known, however, about the practice of scientists in TSS, especially those early in their career. Our objectives were to identify these practices and to outline the needs and challenges for early career scientists in TSS. To that end, we compiled 10 key characteristics of TSS based on a literature survey. We then analyzed research groups with 81 early career scientists against these characteristics. All of these research groups are funded by an ongoing federally funded German program for social-ecological research whose main feature is to promote sustainability-oriented inter- and transdisciplinary research. We found that the practices of the 12 groups generally correspond with the characteristics for TSS, although there is ample variation in how they were addressed. Three major challenges were identified: (1) TSS demands openness to a plurality of research designs, theories, and methods, while also requiring shared, explicit, and recursive use of TSS characteristics; (2) researchers in TSS teams must make decisions about trade-offs between achievements of societal and scientific impact, acknowledging that focusing on the time-consuming former aspect is difficult to integrate into a scientific career path; and (3) although generalist researchers are increasingly becoming involved in such TSS research projects, supporting the integration of social, natural, and engineering sciences, specialized knowledge is also required
Design and development of a low–cost aerial mobile mapping system for multi-purpose applications
Get PDFThe research project with the working title "Design and development of a low-cost modular Aerial Mobile Mapping System" was formed during the last year as the result from numerous discussions and considerations with colleagues from the HafenCity University Hamburg, Department Geomatics. The aim of the project is to design a sensor platform which can be embedded preferentially on an UAV, but also can be integrated on any adaptable vehicle. The system should perform a direct scanning of surfaces with a laser scanner and supported through sensors for determining the position and attitude of the platform. The modular design allows his extension with other sensors such as multispectral cameras, digital cameras or multiple cameras systems
PLACIT - Eine neue Planungsplattform für Hamburg
No full textDiese wissenschaftliche Arbeit dient als Grundlage für die Erstellung einer
Internetplattform zur Dokumentation der aktuellen Wohnbautätigkeiten im Hamburger Bezirk Altona. Die Arbeit, die im Rahmen des M2-Projektes im Masterstudiengang der Stadtplanung an der HafenCity Universität in einer Kleingruppe von Oktober 2014 bis März 2015 erstellt wurde, ist daher als eine Ergänzung zu ebendieser Internetplattform zu sehen. Mit Ablauf der Arbeitsphase steht eine erste Version der Webseite, die über die Projektarbeit hinaus kontinuierlich weiter entwickelt und erweitert werden soll. Zur besseren Verständlichkeit der Plattform zeigt der Projektbericht neben Hintergründen zur Entstehung auch die Absichten der Webseite auf, welche vordringlich der Idee zugrunde liegen, ein transparentes Instrument für Neubauprojekte zu implementieren. Der Aufbau sowie die Funktionen der Internetplattform werden im Rahmen des Berichtes vorgestellt. Unter der temporären Demoseite http://www.placit.de/index. php?id=1 kann man sich ein konkreteres Bild verschaffen
