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Ressourceneffiziente und klimagerechte Planung : Neuer Nordboulevard und Fluss-Entwicklung in Tirana und Stadtteilentwicklung Oberbillwerder in Hamburg
Get PDFThis publication provides a first glimpse of two different urban development projects in Tirana and Hamburg, which are planned to occur or partly already implemented in Tirana,
under different cultural, geographic, socio-economic and path dependent conditions, through the visual and oral narratives of residents, workers and visitors. These narratives try
to capture how urban development and, in the case of Tirana, also river restoration is planned to take place. They also reflect upon the historical development of each area, highlight
considerations and/or neglect for environmentally sound, climate adaptive and resource efficient planning. Furthermore, pinpoint current challenges and opportunities and discuss
about opportunities for public participation in the planning process. The featured photos and interviews show two characteristically different urban realities. In Tirana the focus is on the development of the new Northern Boulevard and Tirana river redevelopment. Whereas in Hamburg the focus is on the Oberbillwerder, a new urban district project.Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD
Evaluation of Class Distribution and Class Combinations on Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Clouds With PointNet
Get PDFPoint clouds are generated by light imaging, detection and ranging (LIDAR) scanners or depth imaging cameras, which capture the geometry from the scanned objects with high accuracy. Unfortunately, these systems are unable to identify the semantics of the objects. Semantic 3D point clouds are an important basis for modeling the real world in digital applications. Manual semantic segmentation is a labor and cost intensive task. Automation of semantic segmentation using machine learning and deep learning (DL) approaches is therefore an interesting subject of research. In particular, point-based network architectures, such as PointNet, lead to a beneficial semantic segmentation in individual applications. For the application of DL methods, a large number of hyperparameters (HPs) have to be determined and these HPs influence the training success. In our work, the investigated HPs are the class distribution and the class combination. By means of seven combinations of classes following a hierarchical scheme and four methods to adapt the class sizes, these HPs are investigated in a detailed and structured manner. The investigated settings show an increased semantic segmentation performance, by an increase of 31% in recall for the class Erroneous points or that all classes have a recall of higher than 50%. However, based on our results the correct setting of only these HPs does not lead to a simple, universal and practical semantic segmentation procedure
Strahlensessel & Olympia-Bank: Eine Sichtbarmachung des Gebrauchs von Sitzmobiliar in der Parkanlage ‚Planten un Blomen‘ und der Einflussnahme der Vergangenheit
Get PDFEmploying machine learning techniques in monitoring autocorrelated profiles
Get PDFIn profile monitoring, it is usually assumed that the observations between or within each profile are independent of each other. However, this assumption is often violated in manufacturing practice, and it is of utmost importance to carefully consider autocorrelation effects in the underlying models for profile monitoring. For this reason, various statistical control charts have been proposed to monitor profiles when between- or within-data is correlated in Phase II, in which the main aim is to develop control charts with quicker detection ability. As a novel approach, this study aims to employ machine learning techniques as control charts instead of statistical approaches in monitoring profiles with between-profile autocorrelations. Specifically, new input features based on conventional statistical control chart statistics and normalized estimated parameters are defined that are capable of adequately accounting for the between-autocorrelation effect of profiles. In addition, six machine learning techniques are extended and compared by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicate that machine learning techniques can obtain more accurate results compared with statistical control charts. Moreover, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems outperform other machine learning techniques and the conventional statistical control charts
Konzeptstudie zur Verlängerung der U-Bahn Linie U2 nach Hamburg-Lohbrügge und Bergedorf
Get PDFDas Hamburger U-Bahn-Netz wächst! Nach mehreren Dekaden der Stagnation findet seit einigen Jahren ein umfangreicher Schnellbahnausbau statt. Neben den bereits laufenden Großprojekten „U4“ und „U5“ wurden im Rahmen einer Konzeptstudie 2014 noch weitere Ausbaumöglichkeiten erdacht, darunter vor allem auch die Verlängerung der U-Bahn Linie U2 von Mümmelmannsberg nach Lohbrügge und darüber hinaus. Diese erweiterte Konzeptstudie untersucht vertieft mögliche Streckenverläufe zwischen diesen beiden Punkten und bewertet deren Vor- und Nachteile. Am Ende steht eine Vorzugsvariante
Urban data: harnessing subjective sociocultural data from local newspapers
Get PDFAs data-based governance becomes mainstream, social and cultural interactions that characterise urban life are at risk of being ignored in decision-making practices if only supposedly objective, quantifiable data are used. In this context, this article conceptualises subjective sociocultural data as a data form that considers a city’s intangible and unquantifiable social and cultural aspects. A methodology is proposed for collecting and using subjective sociocultural data by highlighting local press articles as a potential data source. A pilot application conducted in Hamburg, Germany, demonstrates a potential integration of subjective sociocultural data into urban planning processes by analysing over 2500 local newspaper articles. The findings reveal that local journalism can be a data source for understanding diverse social and cultural interactions between citizens and urban places. This street-level information from local newspaper articles can (1) provide urban planners with an overview of newspaper mentions of any specific urban areas, (2) support the identification of local debates, and (3) aid in the observation of emerging places of sociocultural interactions. This approach can support the diverse government and non-government stakeholders engaged in data-based governance to better account for intangible sociocultural aspects of urban life
Long-Term Performance of Blue-Green Roof Systems—Results of a Building-Scale Monitoring Study in Hamburg, Germany
Get PDFFor the first time, a long-term monitoring study with different full-scale blue-green roof (BGR) types was conducted. Within a pilot project from Hamburg’s Rainwater InfraStructure Adaptation (RISA) framework, four different BGR types were built in 2015 for long-term evaluation and comparison with each other. The test site was created to find out to what extent BGRs are able to improve hydrological performance and if increased water supply affects vegetation development and species diversity. Therefore, the roofs were equipped with hydrologic monitoring systems, their retention performance was evaluated, and vegetation analysis was conducted. During 2017–2023, between 64 and 74% of the precipitation was retained on the roofs, and in the summer months there was hardly any outflow from the roofs. For single (heavy) rain events, high retention capacities, low outflow intensities, and high detention times were demonstrated. On the BGRs where rainwater is permanently stored on the roof, the vegetation species’ composition changed in the long term, resulting in an increase in biodiversity. The studied BGRs are effective in reducing flood risk from heavy rain events and can increase evaporative cooling and biodiversity. Therefore, such BGRs are a blue-green infrastructure with far-reaching positive effects
Transformative Research in Digital Twins for Integrated Urban Development: Two Real-World Experiments on Unpaid Care Workers Mobility
Get PDFIntegrated urban development can serve as a cross-sectoral planning concept to manage processes of transformation in urban systems towards sustainability and resilience. At the same time, urban digital twins are being implemented with increasing frequency in urban planning. They can be used to foster such transformations and to make improvements that are more adequate regarding the complexity of urban systems than mere efficiency boost. In this article, the authors discuss how they try to support such change by applying transformative research methods, such as conducting real-world experiments based on prototyping and testing digital tools. The article illustrates how they use the development of urban digital twins in Hamburg, Germany as a field of intervention with the aim of achieving broader usage by and representation of marginalised groups that are typically overlooked in such technology and in urban planning itself
Use of Smartphone Lidar Technology for Low-Cost 3D Building Documentation with iPhone 13 Pro: A Comparative Analysis of Mobile Scanning Applications
Get PDFLaser scanning technology has long been the preferred method for capturing interior scenes in various industries. With a growing market, smaller and more affordable scanners have emerged, offering end products with sufficient accuracy. While not on par with professional scanners, Apple has made laser scanning technology accessible to users with the introduction of the new iPhone Pro models, democratizing 3D scanning. Thus, this study aimed to assess the performance of the iPhone’s lidar technology as a low-cost solution for building documentation. Four scanning applications were evaluated to determine the accuracy, precision, and user experience of the generated point clouds compared with a terrestrial laser scanner. The results reveal varying performances on the same device, highlighting the influence of software. Notably, there is room for improvement, particularly in tracking the device’s position through software solutions. As it stands, the technology is well suited for applications such as indoor navigation and the generation of quick floor plans in the context of building documentation