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Nursing care for a patient with a chronic wound in home health care
No full textDanas se kronične rane smatraju značajnim izazovom, kako za pacijente tako i za medicinsko osoblje, s posljedicama koje se osjete u cijelom zdravstvenom sustavu. Definiramo kronične rane kao one rane koje ne zacjeljuju u periodu od 6 do 8 tjedana. Kronične rane mogu se podijeliti na tipične i atipične. U većini slučajeva, tipične kronične rane uključuju venske i arterijske ulkuse, dijabetičko stopalo i dekubitus. Kronične rane predstavljaju svakodnevni izazov sa kojim se medicinske sestre redovito suočavaju, te se u današnje vrijeme mogu kvalitetno zbrinjavati kod kuće bolesnika. Ustanove za zdravstvenu njegu u kući provode njegu bolesnika, pri čemu medicinska sestra/ tehničar započinju s procjenom rane koristeći svoje znanje i iskustvo. Pravilna procjena predstavlja temelj koji omogućuje kontinuirano praćenje stanja kronične rane tijekom cijelog razdoblja kućne njege. Proces zdravstvene njege kod pacijenata s kroničnim ranama usmjeren je na preventivne mjere i intervencije koje smanjuju probleme koji utječu na ukupno psihofizičko zdravlje pacijenta. S obzirom na dugotrajnost, sve kronične rane narušavaju kvalitetu života pacijenata, smanjujući njihovu sposobnost obavljanja svakodnevnih aktivnosti i radnu sposobnost. Pacijentima s kroničnim ranama često je potrebna pomoć u obavljanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti, što često zahtijeva angažman obitelji. Cilj rada svake medicinske sestre koja provodi zdravstvenu njegu u kući je poticanje bolesnika na što veću samostalnost u zadovoljavanju osnovnih ljudskih potreba kako bi unaprijedili i očuvali kvalitetu života svakog pojedinca. Unatoč napretku medicine i tehnologije, liječenje i izlječenje kroničnih rana donose mnoge probleme, a troškovi liječenja kroničnih rana nisu zanemarivi u odnosu na neke druge bolesti i vrlo je važno na koji način i kojim materijalima će se rane tretirati.
Ovaj rad nastoji opisati vrste kroničnih rana, faze cijeljenja rane, organizaciju rada zdravstvene njege u kući, ulogu i kompetencije medicinskih sestara i tehničara u kućnoj zdravstvenoj njezi, metode liječenja kroničnih rana u kući bolesnika, kvalitetu života bolesnika s kroničnom ranom, te naglasiti važnost multidisciplinarnog pristupa u liječenju dekubitusa kroz prikaz slučaja.Today, chronic wounds are considered a significant challenge, both for patients and medical staff, with consequences that are felt throughout the healthcare system. We define chronic wounds as those wounds that do not heal within a period of 6 to 8 weeks. Chronic wounds can be divided into typical and atypical. In most cases, typical chronic wounds include venous and arterial ulcers, diabetic foot and pressure ulcers. Chronic wounds are a daily challenge that nurses regularly face, and nowadays they can be treated with quality care at the patient's home. Home health care facilities provide patient care, where the nurse/technician begins the wound assessment using their knowledge and experience. Correct assessment is the foundation that enables continuous monitoring of the condition of a chronic wound during the entire period of home care. The health care process for patients with chronic wounds is focused on preventive measures and interventions that reduce problems that affect the overall psychophysical health of the patient. Considering the long duration, all chronic wounds impair the patients' quality of life, reducing their ability to perform daily activities and their ability to work. Patients with chronic wounds often need help with daily activities, which often requires family involvement. The goal of the work of every nurse who provides health care at home is to encourage patients to be as independent as possible in meeting basic human needs in order to improve and preserve the quality of life of each individual. Despite the progress of medicine and technology, the treatment and healing of chronic wounds bring many problems, and the costs of treating chronic wounds are not negligible compared to some other diseases, and it is very important how and with what materials the wounds will be treated.
This paper attempts to describe the types of chronic wounds, the stages of wound healing, the organization of home health care work, the role and competencies of nurses and technicians in home health care, methods of treating chronic wounds in the patient's home, the quality of life of patients with chronic wounds, and to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in the treatment of pressure ulcers through a case report
Conservative treatment of Achilles tendon disorders and injuries
No full textAhilova tetiva (AT) najčvršća je tetiva u ljudskome tijelu, ali i često ozljeđivana. Zajednička je tetiva m. soleusa i m. gastrocnemiusa koji čine m. triceps surae. Njezine ozljede vežemo najviše uz populaciju srednje dobi, prvenstveno mušku, te ujedno uz sportaše i rekreativce. Kada fiziološko istezanje tetivnih vlakana prijeđe 8 % istezanja, dolazi do oštećenja. Razne aktivnosti i deformiteti mogu dovesti tetivu do nemogućnosti vraćanja u prvobitno stanje što na kraju dovodi do degeneracije i oštećenih tetivnih vlakana. Kvalitativne i kvantitativne analize pokazale su da je Ahilova tetiva loše vaskularizirana kroz svoju duljinu zbog malog broja krvnih žila u poprečnom presjeku. Zbog toga se smatra da i loša vaskulariziranost može biti prepreka u adekvatnom popravljanju tkiva nakon traume i dovesti do daljnjeg slabljenja tetive. Haglundova bolest odnosno sindrom može se opisati kao bolno stanje pete uzrokovano mehanički izazvanom upalom retrokalkanealne burze, suprakalkanealne burze te Ahilove tetive. Dijagnoza se postavlja klinički, mjerenjem kretnji u gležanjskom zglobu, palpacijom te uz pomoć radiografije. Neoperativno liječenje obuhvaća korekciju obuće, uloške za pete, oralne protuupalne lijekove, lokalnu injekciju za olakšavanje bolova te ekstrakorporalnu terapiju udarnim valom (ESWT) i iontoforezu. Tendinitis je upalna reakcija AT, a može biti kronični i akutni. Može nastati zbog djelovanja unutarnjih čimbenika kao što su deformiteti stopala i vanjskih od kojih su najčešće greške u treningu. Lokaliziran je 2 do 6 cm iznad hvatišta AT uz prisutnost edema i boli. Za tendinitis vežemo „zvuk škripanja snijega“. U konzervativno liječenje akutnog tendinitisa spada korekcija obuće, nošenje jastučića, primjena krioterapije te primjena terapijskog UZV i lasera, dok u liječenju kroničnog oblika pomažu vježbe istezanja, iontoforeza, ESWT i mobilizacije mekih tkiva. U slučaju sumnje na rupturu AT, fizioterapijskom procjenom uz pomoć Thompsonovog testa i testa pasivne dorzifleksije gležnja u proniranom položaju lako možemo potvrditi rupturu. Ako je potrebno, može se napraviti UZV i MRI. Ozlijeđena se tetiva kod neoperativnog liječenja mora imobilizirati u čizmi, udlazi ili gipsu te je važno da osoba slijedi rehabilitacijski protokol po tjednima. Entezopatije se nalaze na hvatištu Ahilove tetive na petnu kost, gdje postoji mogućnost formiranja koštanih ostruga i kalcifikacija unutar same tetive na mjestu hvatišta. Liječenje obuhvaća prvenstveno vježbe ekscentričnog tipa, injekcije po potrebi te se preporuča povišenje za pete. Dobre je rezultate pokazala ESWT te manipulacijske i mobilizacijske tehnike.The Achilles tendon (AT) is the strongest tendon in the human body, but it is also frequently injured. It is the common tendon of the m. soleus and m. gastrocnemius muscles, which together form the m. triceps surae. Injuries to the AT are most commonly associated with middle-aged individuals, primarily males, as well as athletes and recreational exercisers. When the physiological stretching of the tendon fibers exceeds 8%, damage occurs. Various activities and deformities can lead the tendon to the point where it cannot return to its original state, ultimately resulting in degeneration and damaged tendon fibers. Qualitative and quantitative analyses have shown that the Achilles tendon is poorly vascularized along its length due to a small number of blood vessels in the cross-section. Therefore, it is believed that poor vascularization may also be a hindrance to adequate tissue repair after trauma and may lead to further weakening of the tendon. Haglund's disease or syndrome can be described as a painful heel condition caused by mechanically induced inflammation of the retrocalcaneal bursa, supracalcaneal bursa, and the Achilles tendon. The diagnosis is made clinically by measuring the movements in the ankle joint, palpation, and with the help of radiography. Nonoperative treatment includes shoe correction, heel lifts, oral anti-inflammatory medications, local injection for pain relief, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), and iontophoresis. Tendinitis is an inflammatory reaction of the AT, which can be chronic or acute. It can be caused by internal factors such as foot deformities and external factors, the most common of which are training errors. It is localized 2 to 6 cm above the AT insertion, with the presence of swelling and pain. Tendinitis is often associated with a "snow crunching" sound. Conservative treatment of acute tendinitis includes shoe correction, wearing pads, applying cryotherapy, and using therapeutic ultrasound and lasers, while stretching exercises, iontophoresis, ESWT, and soft tissue mobilizations help in treating the chronic form. In the case of suspected AT rupture, physiotherapy assessment with the help of the Thompson test and the passive dorsiflexion test of the ankle in a prone position can easily confirm the rupture. If necessary, ultrasound and MRI can be performed. In nonoperative treatment, the injured tendon must be immobilized in a boot, splint, or cast, and it is important for the individual to follow a weekly rehabilitation protocol. Enthesopathies are located at the insertion of the Achilles tendon on the heel bone, where there is a possibility of bone spur formation and calcifications within the tendon at the insertion site. Treatment primarily includes eccentric exercises, injections if necessary, and heel lifts are recommended. ESWT and manipulative and mobilization techniques have shown good results
Engagement of physiotherapists in football clubs
No full textNogomet je igra koja se kroz stoljeća mijenjala od „nasilne igre“ do organizirane igre s jasno definiranim pravilima. Osim trenera, nutricionista i ostalih članova stručnog tima, iznimno važnu ulogu imaju i fizioterapeuti koji se bave prevencijom, dijagnozom i rehabilitacijom ozljeda. Oni pružaju podršku igračima kroz sve faze, od zagrijavanja do oporavka. U profesionalnom nogometu, većina ozljeda povezana je s donjim ekstremitetima i češće se događaju tijekom utakmica. Faktori poput razine natjecanja, tjelesne predispozicije igrača, klimatskih uvjeta i opreme igraju ključnu ulogu u nastanku ozljeda. Najznačajnije ozljede su kontuzije i istezanja mišića, ozljede ligamenata koljena i gležnja, ozljede meniska te tendinitis. U svrhu prevencije ozljeda koriste se programi zagrijavanja, kao što su FIFA 11+ i Knäkontroll, programi treninga snage, kao što je nordijska vježba, ali i ostali oblici koji nisu temeljeni na vježbama: spavanje, prehrana i hidracija, elastične trake i steznici te adekvatna obuća. Osnovna načela rehabilitacije podrazumijevaju: smanjenje opsega inicijalne ozljede, ubrzanje cijeljenja tkiva, ranu rehabilitaciju, individualni pristup, što raniji povratak aktivnostima u potpunom opsegu te korekciju čimbenika za nastanak novih ozljeda. U svrhu procjene angažmana fizioterapeuta u nogometnim klubovima provedeno je istraživanje u kojem je sudjelovalo 30 ispitanika. Pitanja su obuhvaćala najčešće i najrjeđe ozljede, načine prevencije i rehabilitacije, dodatne tečajeve koje su ispitanici završili, suradnju fizioterapeuta s liječnicima i trenerima u klubu, načine edukacije igrača i slično. Na temelju toga dobiveni su rezultati koji mogu doprinijeti bržem i učinkovitijem razvoju fizioterapije u sportskim klubovima.Soccer is a game that has changed over the centuries from a "violent game" to an organized game with clearly defined rules. In addition to trainers, nutritionists and other members of the professional team, physiotherapists who deal with prevention, diagnosis and rehabilitation of injuries play an extremely important role. They support players through all phases, from warm-up to recovery. In professional football, most injuries are related to the lower extremities and occur more frequently during matches. Factors such as the level of competition, physical predisposition of the player, climatic conditions and equipment play a key role in the occurrence of injuries. The most significant injuries are contusions and muscle strains, knee and ankle ligament injuries, meniscus injuries and tendinitis. In order to prevent injuries, warm-up programs, such as FIFA 11+ and Knäkontroll, strength training programs, such as Nordic exercise, but also other forms that are not based on exercises are used: sleep, nutrition and hydration, elastic bands and braces, and adequate footwear. The basic principles of rehabilitation include reducing the extent of the initial injury, accelerating tissue healing, early rehabilitation, individual approach, returning to full-scale activities as early as possible, and correcting factors for the occurrence of new injuries. In order to assess the involvement of physiotherapists in football clubs, a survey was conducted in which 30 respondents participated. The questions covered the most common and rarest injuries, methods of prevention and rehabilitation, additional courses completed by the respondents, cooperation of physiotherapists with doctors and trainers at the club, methods of player education and the like. Based on this, results were obtained that can contribute to a faster and more efficient development of physiotherapy in sports clubs
Development of the Rent-a-Car web application using ReactJS and WordPress CMS
No full textOvaj rad proučava metodologiju povezivanja tehnologija ReactJS i WordPress CMS, na način da se razvoj aplikacije podijeli na front-end i back-end. Na primjeru aplikacije „Rent-a-Car“ fokusira se na prednosti svake od tehnologija i proučava na koji način funkcioniraju zajedno.
Prvi dio rada sastoji se od teorijskog dijela gdje je objašnjeno što su web aplikacije te se opisuju temeljni alati koji će se razmatrati - ReactJS i WordPress CMS. Zatim je detaljno objašnjen plan razvoja web aplikacije, metodologija te pomoćni alati i ostali potrebni resursi. Drugi dio rada prikazuje praktični dio gdje je objašnjen kompletan proces razvoja web aplikacije, od stvaranja baze podataka do gotove web aplikacije.This paper examines the methodology of integrating ReactJS and WordPress CMS technologies in a way that separates the development of an application, developing the front-end and the back-end separately. Using the example of a „Rent-a-Car“ application, it focuses on the advantages of each technology and explores how they function together.
The first part of the paper consists of a theoretical section explaining what web applications are and describing the essential tools that will be used - ReactJS and WordPress CMS. Then, it provides a detailed explanation of the web application development plan, methodology, auxiliary tools, and other necessary resources. The second part of the paper contains the practical section, explaining the complete process of developing a web application, from creating the database to presenting the finished web application
BLDC motor control
No full textUpotreba elektromotora je u današnje vrijeme vrlo široka i raznovrsna. BLDC motori sve više dobivaju na važnosti zbog efikasnosti, pouzdanosti i svestranosti. Koriste elektroničku komutaciju za razliku od mehaničkih četkica, što pridonosi navedenim prednostima.
Dizajnirani su da se smanji gubitak energije čime su efikasniji od motora s četkicama. Izostanak četkica pridonosi pouzdanosti, odnosno smanjuje trošenje i kvarenje rezultirajući dužem životnom vijeku. Mogu se precizno kontrolirati korištenjem sustava s povratnom vezom, što je prigodno za primjene kao što su dronovi, CNC strojevi i medicinski uređaji. Također su kompaktni i relativno lagani po izradi, zbog čega pružaju veliku gustoću snage, odnosno daju više snage za svoju veličinu u usporedbi sa klasičnim DC motorima.
Njihova svestranost omogućuje široku primjenu kod električnih vozila, dronova i letećih vozila, industrijske automatizacije, kućnih uređaja, električnih alata, medicinskih uređaja, solarnih trackera itd.
Na početku rada se detaljno objašnjavaju frekventni pretvarači, što je kasnije teorijska baza za opisivanje rada kontrolera (uređaja) za upravljanje nad motorom. Tek kasnije u radu se opisuje konstrukcija i način rada BLDC motora, te se detaljno pojašnjava pokretanje i upravljanje motora. Opisuje se izrada i programiranje kontrolera pri čemu se primjenjuju prije napisana saznanja o frekventnim pretvaračima, BLDC motorima te njegovima metodama pokretanja i upravljanja. U radu su priložene sheme izrade kontrolera i programski kod za njegovo ispravno funkcioniranje.The usage of electric motors is very broad and versatile in today's world and age. BLDC motors are becoming essential due to their efficiency, reliability and versatility. They use electronic commutation unlike mechanical brushes, which contributes to their advantages.
The motors are designed to minimize energy losses which makes them more efficient than brushed motors. The absence of brushes contributes to reliability giving them longer lifespan by minimizing wear and tear. They can be precisely controlled using feedback loop, which is vital in applications like drones, CNC machines and medical devices. Also, they are compact and lightweight providing high power density, meaning that they deliver more power for their size compared to regular DC motors.
Their versatility allows them to be used in many applications such as electric vehicles, drones and flying vehicles, industrial automation, home devices, power tools, medical devices, solar trackers and much more.
In the beginning of this thesis, variable frequency drives are explained, which creates theoretical base for describing operation of the motor controller device. Later in thesis, construction and working principles of the BLDC motor are described as well as starting and motor control. Making and programming of the device is also explained using theoretical knowledge attained in previous chapters about variable frequency drives, BLDC motors and their methods of starting and controlling. At the end of the thesis, schematics and programming code of the controller are attached
Challenges of nurses in special care for patients with Alzheimer's disease
No full textUvod: Alzheimerova demencija je bolest s dva lica; stvara promjene u moždanim stanicama koje u početku ne utječu na samo funkcioniranje osobe, no ipak se tiho i progresivno nastavlja razvijati do te mjere da se ni oboljela osoba ne može prepoznati. Veću sklonost obolijevanju imaju osobe starije životne dobi, a bolest se otkriva nekoliko godina kasnije od početka promjena. Najčešći uzrok demencije je Alzheimerova bolest koja se često simptomatski pripisuje staračkoj zaboravljivosti. Staračka zaboravljivost pripada linearnom tijeku života koji osoba prolazi u starijoj životnoj dobi, dok Alzheimerova bolest to preobražava u stanje neprepoznatljivosti oduzimajući sjećanja, vlastiti identitet i sposobnost prepoznavanja bližnjih. Naravno da se na tom putu medicinske sestre/tehničari susreću s brojnim izazovima koji se učinkovitije savladaju kad postoji dobra suradnja između medicinskog tima, pacijenta i njegovih bližnjih te uz dostupne adekvatne resurse i kontinuiranu edukaciju.
Cilj istraživanja: Dobiti uvid u izazove s kojima se medicinske sestre susreću u skrbi za oboljele od Alzheimerove bolesti.
Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno u razdoblju od 8.1.2024. do 1.4.2024. godine u institucijama: Dom za starije i nemoćne osobe Čakovec, Caritasov dom Ivanec, Služba za produženo liječenje i palijativnu skrb Novi Marof te Opća bolnica Varaždin – zgrada interne te odjel neurologije. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 134 ispitanika. Putem programa Microsoft Excel podaci su statistički obrađeni te tablično i grafički prikazani.
Rezultati: Istraživanje je pokazalo da su ispitanici dobro informirani o najčešćim simptomima Alzheimerove bolesti. Poražavajući je rezultat da samo 40% ispitanika zna uzrok demencije te vrstu pamćenja koju zahvaća Alzheimerova bolest. Najčešći izazovi s kojima se medicinske sestre/tehničari susreću u skrbi za pacijenta koji boluje od Alzheimerove bolesti su komunikacija, dezorijentiranost i lutanja pacijenta, poteškoće zbog kratkoročnog pamćenja te agresija pacijenta.
Zaključak: Alzheimerova bolest postaje jedna od najskupljih bolesti današnjice jer je jedina bolest koja se ne može spriječiti i izliječiti. Rizik obolijevanja od Alzheimerove bolesti raste s godinama, pa su tako šanse da osoba doživi više od 85. godina 1:2. Ispitanici su dobro informirani u pogledu najčešćih simptoma Alzheimerove bolesti, no i dalje postoji nesigurnost u uzroku demencije. U svakom odnosu, pa tako i u skrbi za osobe oboljele od Alzheimerove bolesti, potrebna je ravnoteža, ljubav, pažnja, podrška i razumijevanje kako bi se osoba osjećala sigurno i zaštićeno.Introduction: Alzheimer’s dementia is a disease with two faces; it creates changes in brain cells that initially do not affect a person's functioning, but it silently and progressively continues to develop to the extent that even the affected individual may not be recognizable. Older individuals are more prone to this illness, and it is often detected several years after the onset of changes. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which is frequently symptomatically attributed to senile forgetfulness. Senile forgetfulness is part of the linear progression of life in older age, whereas Alzheimer’s disease transforms it into a state of unrecognizability, depriving the individual of memories, personal identity, and the ability to recognize loved ones. Naturally, on this journey, nurses encounter numerous challenges that are more effectively managed with good collaboration between the medical team, the patient, and their relatives, along with available adequate resources and continuous education.
Goal: The aim of the research was to gain insight into the challenges faced by nurses in caring for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Methods: The research was conducted from January 8, 2024, to April 1, 2024, in the following institutions: the Čakovec Home for the Elderly and Infirm, the Caritas Ivanec Home, the Novi Marof Extended Care and Palliative Care Service, and the Varaždin General Hospital – Internal Medicine Building and Neurology Department. The study involved 134 participants. Data were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: The research revealed that participants were well-informed about the most common symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. A disappointing result was that only 40% of participants knew the cause of dementia and the type of memory affected by Alzheimer’s disease. The most common challenges nurses face in caring for patients with Alzheimer’s disease are communication, patient disorientation and wandering, difficulties due to short-term memory, and patient aggression.
Conclusion: Alzheimer's disease is becoming one of the most costly diseases of our time because it is the only disease that cannot be prevented, cured, or slowed down. The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease increases with age, so the chances of someone who lives past 85 years old are 1 in 2. While participants are well-informed about the most common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, there is still uncertainty about the cause of dementia. In every relationship, including the care of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, balance, love, attention, support, and understanding are needed to ensure that the person feels safe and protected
Physiotherapy approach after complete rupture of the supraspinatus tendon
No full textPotpuna ruptura tetive m. supraspinatusa predstavlja složenu ozljedu ramenog zgloba koja zahtijeva temeljitu dijagnozu i individualiziran pristup u rehabilitaciji. Ovaj rad istražuje fizioterapijski pristup nakon operativne rekonstrukcije ove ozljede, obuhvaćajući sve faze oporavka. U uvodu se naglašava važnost rehabilitacije nakon potpune rupture tetive m. supraspinatusa te se ističe cilj rada - pružiti sveobuhvatan pregled fizioterapijskog pristupa kroz različite faze oporavka. Anatomija m. supraspinatusa, uključujući gornje i donje komponente, ključna je za razumijevanje biomehanike pokreta ramena i mehanizama ozljede. Kroz detaljan pregled m. supraspinatusa, istražuje se stabilnost i funkcionalnost ramena. Analizom uzroka potpune rupture m. supraspinatusa identificiraju se predisponirajući faktori i mehanizmi ozljedi. Klinička slika rupture m. supraspinatusa varira, ali se najčešće očituje bolom i ograničenjem pokreta. Dijagnostička obrada, uključujući fizikalni pregled i slikovne pretrage, ključna je za preciznu dijagnozu. Fizioterapijska procjena obuhvaća subjektivni i objektivni pregled, kao i analizu prikupljenih podataka plana terapije. Operativna rekonstrukcija tetive m. supraspinatusa često je potrebna i zahtijeva strukturiranu rehabilitaciju. Fizioterapijska intervencija podijeljena je u nekoliko faza oporavka, počevši od faze koja se fokusira na kontrolu boli i održavanje pokretljivosti, pa sve do faze koja se bavi jačanjem i povratkom funkcionalnosti ramena. U zaključku se ističe važnost integriranog pristupa u rehabilitaciji potpune rupture tetive m. supraspinatusa te se naglašava ključna uloga pacijenta, kirurga i fizioterapeuta u postizanju optimalnih rezultata oporavka. Ukupno, ovaj rad pruža temeljit pregled fizioterapijskog pristupa nakon operativne rekonstrukcije potpune rupture tetive m. supraspinatusa, naglašavajući važnost individualiziranog pristupa i strukturirane rehabilitacije za postizanje optimalnih rezultata oporavka.Complete rupture of the supraspinatus tendon is a complex shoulder joint injury that requires a thorough diagnosis and an individualized approach to rehabilitation. This paper explores the physiotherapy approach after operative reconstruction of this injury, covering all phases of recovery. In the introduction, the importance of rehabilitation after a complete rupture of the supraspinatus tendon is emphasized, and the goal of the paper is highlighted to provide a comprehensive overview of the physiotherapy approach through the various stages of recovery. The anatomy of the supraspinatus muscle, including the superior and inferior components, is critical to understanding the biomechanics of shoulder motion and mechanisms of injury. Through a detailed examination of the supraspinatus muscle, the stability and functionality of the shoulder is investigated. Analyzing the causes of complete rupture of the supraspinatus muscle, predisposing factors and injury mechanisms are identified. The clinical picture of supraspinatus muscle rupture varies, but is most often manifested by pain and limitation of movement. Diagnostic workup, including physical examination and imaging tests, is essential for an accurate diagnosis. Physiotherapy assessment includes a subjective and objective examination, as well as an analysis of the collected data of the therapy plan. Operative reconstruction of the supraspinatus tendon is often necessary and requires structured rehabilitation. Physiotherapy intervention is divided into several phases of recovery, starting with the phase that focuses on pain control and maintaining mobility, and ending with the phase that deals with strengthening and restoring the functionality of the shoulder. In conclusion, the importance of an integrated approach in the rehabilitation of a complete rupture of the supraspinatus tendon is highlighted, and the key role of the patient, surgeon and physiotherapist in achieving optimal recovery results is emphasized. Overall, this paper provides a thorough review of the physiotherapy approach after operative reconstruction of a complete rupture of the supraspinatus tendon, emphasizing the importance of an individualized approach and structured rehabilitation to achieve optimal recovery results
Psysiotherapy for Injuries in Twirling
No full textTwirling je kompleksan sport koji obuhvaća elemente različitih plesnih izražaja, ritmičke
gimnastike na parteru te virtuoznost kombiniranu s istovremenom manipulacijom jednog ili više
štapova. Za stvaranje koordinirane rutine potreban je štap, metalna palica obično malo duža od
sportaševe dominantne ruke.
Cilj rada je istražiti i utvrditi ozljede koje se javljaju tijekom trenažnog procesa te samog natjecanja
u sportu twirlingu. Istraživanje je provedeno među aktivnim twirling sportašima i članovima
Hrvatskog twirling saveza. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 42 ispitanika. Ozljede u twirlingu
nastaju tijekom različitih faza treninga, a najčešće ozljede su: koljena (40 %), stopala (20 %), ruke
(14,3 %), lica (11,4 %), zadnje lože (5,7 %), kralježnice, koljena i kuka te pripadajućih mišića (2,9
%). Iz rezultata istraživanja je vidljivo kako najčešće ozljede nastaju u području donjih
ekstremiteta, najviše koljena. Ozljede se događaju u kontaktu tijekom treninga na parketu. Većina
ozljeda nije liječena, a ako je, liječena je fizikalnom terapijom. Fizioterapija u twirlingu od velike
je važnosti, počevši od same prevencije nastanka ozljede i rehabilitacije nastalih ozljede. Prilikom
rane rehabilitacije najčešće se koriste PRICES i RICE metode zbrinjavanja ozljeda.Baton twirling is a complex sport that includes elements of different dance expressions, rhythmic
gymnastics on the floor and virtuosity combined with the simultaneous manipulation of one or
more batons. Creating a coordinated routine requires a baton, a instrument constructed of metal
usually slightly longer than the athlete's dominant arm.
The goal of the research was to investigate and determine the injuries that occur during the training
process and the actual competition in the sport of twirling. The research was conducted among
active twirling athletes and members of the Croatian Twirling Association. A total of 42
respondents participated in the research. Injuries in twirling occur during different phases of
training, and the most common injuries are: knee (40%), foot (20%), hand (14.3%), face (11.4%),
hamstrings (5.7%), spine, knees and hips and muscles (2.9%). The results of the research show
that the most frequent injuries occur in the area of the lower extremities, mostly the knees. Injuries
occur in contact during training on the floor. Most injuries were not treated, and if they were, they
were treated with physical therapy. Physiotherapy in twirling is of great importance, starting from
the very prevention of injury and the rehabilitation of injuries. During early rehabilitation, the
PRICES and RICE methods are most commonly used for managing injuries
Knowledge, attitudes and awareness of the importance of education about herpes virus: a cross-sectional study on the general population
No full textHerpesvirus je poznat čovječanstvu od vremena Stare Grčke. Ovaj široko rasprostranjen virus napada sve generacije te ukoliko jednom uđe u organizam, u njemu ostaje do kraja života. Simptomi koje uzrokuje ovaj virus mogu se liječiti. Medicina je do danas napredovala tako da postoje razne vrste lijekova koji se primjenjuju na različite načine. Što se tiče čovjeka, za njega je najvažnije osam vrsta herpesvirusa od kojih su najučestaliji Herpes simplex tip 1 i tip 2. Herpes simplex tip 1 u pravilu uzrokuje infekcije iznad struka odnosno infekcije oka, orofaringealne infekcije i infekcije središnjeg živčanog sustava, dok Herpes simplex tip 2 uzrokuje infekcije ispod struka odnosno genitalne infekcije, no moguće su iznimke. Pošto HSV mogu dobiti sve generacije, vrlo je važna što ranija edukacija populacije od njegovom širenju.
U sklopu završnog rada provedena je anketa kako bi se saznalo opće znanje populacije te koja su njihova mišljenja i stajališta po pitanju HSV. Anketa je provedena online anonimnim putem, a ispitanici su bili opća populacija koja nije medicinske struke ili dodatno educirana od strane stručnjaka.
Anketa je pokazala da postoji određeno znanje o navedenoj problematici. Zna se tko je uzročnik herpesa i kako se prenosi. Rezultati ankete pokazali su stavove i mišljenja populacije o herpesu i oboljelima od te bolesti. Također pokazana je i zabrinutost o nedovoljnoj edukaciji o spolno prenosivim bolestima i brzom globalnom širenju bolesti.
Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su sa rezultatima tuđih istraživanja te su doneseni određeni zaključci. Iz provedenog istraživanja saznajemo da ljudi nemedicinske struke imaju poprilično dobro znanje o virusu. Herpes više nije tabu tema kao prije te ljudi više ne skrivaju da su zaraženi virusom. Medicinska sestra kao edukator ima vrlo veliku ulogu u liječenju, prevenciji i sprječavanju daljnjem širenja virusa. Iz tog razloga velika važnost stavlja se na edukaciju medicinskih sestara te njihovo daljnje školovanje.Herpesvirus has been known to mankind since the time of Ancient Greece. This widespread virus attacks all generations and once it enters the body, it remains in it for the rest of its life. The symptoms caused by this virus can be treated. Medicine has progressed to this day so that there are various types of medications that are applied in different ways. As for humans, the most important for them are eight types of herpesvirus, of which the most common are Herpes simplex type 1 and type 2. As a rule, herpes simplex type 1 causes infections above the waist, i.e. eye infections, oropharyngeal infections and infections of the central nervous system, while Herpes simplex type 2 causes infections below the waist or genital infections, but exceptions are possible. Since all generations can get HSV, it is very important to educate the population as early as possible before it spreads.
As part of the paper, a survey was conducted to find out the general knowledge of the population and what their opinions and positions are regarding HSV. The survey was conducted online anonymously, and the respondents were the general population who were not medical professionals or additionally educated by specialists.
The survey showed that there is some knowledge about the mentioned issue. It is known who is the cause of herpes and how it is transmitted. The results of the survey showed the attitudes and opinions of the population about herpes and those suffering from this disease. Concerns were also expressed about insufficient education about sexually transmitted diseases and the rapid global spread of the disease.
The obtained results were compared with the results of other people's research and certain conclusions were drawn. From the conducted research, we learn that non-medical professionals have a fairly good knowledge of the virus. Herpes is no longer a taboo topic like before, and people no longer hide the fact that they are infected with the virus. As an educator, the nurse has a very important role in the treatment, prevention and prevention of the further spread of the virus. For this reason, great importance is placed on the education of nurses and their further education
Spices in Confectionery
No full textZačini su svježi ili suhi dijelovi biljaka koji se koriste u različitim oblicima u prehrambenoj
industriji, gastronomiji i slastičarstvu. U slastičarstvu utječu na okus, miris i vizualnu privlačnost
slastica. U ovom radu dat je pregled najčešće korištenih začina u slastičarstvu, u rasponu od
klasične vanilije, cimeta i muškatnog oraščića do drugih koji donose svoje jedinstvene okuse
slatkim poslasticama. Opisane su botaničke karakteristike, način uzgoja te upotreba pojedinih
začina u slastičarstvu ali i njihova biološka aktivnost kao što su antimikrobno i antioksidacijsko
djelovanje te mogućnost korištenja začina kao konzervansa