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Eating disorders - knowledge and attitudes of the population of Međimurje county
No full textJedan od najčešćih psihičkih poremećaja su poremećaji hranjenja. Poremećaji hranjenja dijele se na anoreksiju nervozu, bulimiju nervozu te poremećaj hranjenja, neodređeni. Anoreksija nervoza poremećaj je kod kojega se osoba zbog straha od prevelike tjelesne težine podvrgava nezdravim režimima prehrane. Postoje dva tipa anoreksije nervoze: restriktivni i prežderavajuće-purgativni. Bulimija nervoza je poremećaj u kojem se izmjenjuju epizode prejedanja i pražnjenja. Pražnjenje se radi pomoću zloupotrebe laksativa ili drugih lijekova ili pomoću prisilnog povraćanja. Također postoje dva oblika bulimije i to su purgativni i nepurgativni tip. Točan uzorak nastanka poremećaja hranjenja nije poznati već se smatra da na njihov nastanak djeluju biološki, psihološki i socijalni faktori. Poremećaji hranjenja oštećuju tjelesno i psihološko zdravlje oboljelih, te mogu dovesti do trajnih tjelesnih oštećenja i smrti. Liječenje i zdravstvena njega oboljelih od poremećaja hranjenja su složeni i dugotrajni te zahtijevaju pristup multidisciplinarnog tima koji uključuje i medicinsku sestru/tehničara. Medicinske sestre i tehničari imaju vrlo važnu ulogu u njezi oboljelih jer osim što im pružaju kontinuiranu zdravstvenu skrb, pružaju im i emotivnu podršku i motivaciju te tako osiguravaju da se oboljeli pridržavaju plana liječenja i postignu oporavak.
Cilj ovog istraživačkog rada bio je uvidjeti znanje i stavove populacije Međimurske županije o poremećajima hranjenja. Istraživanje je provedeno putem online anketnog upitnika koji se sastojao od 17 pitanja u travnju 2024. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 158 ispitanika s područja Međimurske županije. Polovica ispitanika u svom životu se susrela sa osobom kojoj je dijagnosticirani poremećaj hranjenja, a većina njih nije imala predrasude prema oboljelima. Većina ispitanika smatra da na nastanak poremećaja hranjenja utječe predodžba o vlastitom tijelu i negativni verbalni komentari na temelju izgleda, te ih prepoznaju po sljedećim simptomima: povraćanje, odbijanje hrane, prejedanje, gubitak kilograma, brojanje kalorija i neprestano vaganje. Većina ispitanika smatra da od poremećaja prehrane ne boluju samo isključivo žene, te da je kod osoba koje boluju od poremećaja smanjena radna sposobnost. Ispitanici smatraju da se u zajednici u kojoj žive ne govori dovoljno o poremećajima hranjenja, iako su opasni i životno ugrožavajući. Poremećaji hranjenja opasni su i ozbiljni psihički poremećaji te bi ih se kao takve trebalo ozbiljno shvaćati i govoriti o njima mnogo više s obzirom na porast pojavnosti. Iako se malo govori o poremećajima hranjenja znanje populacije je zadovoljavajuće.One of the most common mental disorders are eating disorders. Eating disorders are divided into anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder, unspecified. Anorexia nervosa is a disorder in which a person subjects himself to unhealthy eating regimens due to the fear of being overweight. There are two types of anorexia nervosa: restrictive and binge-purgative. Bulimia nervosa is a disorder in which episodes of overeating and purging alternate. Emptying is done through the abuse of laxatives or other drugs or through forced vomiting. There are also two forms of bulimia, purgative and non-purgative. The exact pattern of the emergence of eating disorders is not known, but it is believed that biological, psychological and social factors influence their emergence. Eating disorders damage the physical and psychological health of sufferers, and can lead to permanent physical damage and death. The treatment and health care of patients with eating disorders are complex and long-term and require the approach of a multidisciplinary team that includes a nurse. Nurses plays a very important role in the care of patients because, in addition to providing them with continuous health care, they also provide them with emotional support and motivation, thus ensuring that patients adhere to the treatment plan and achieve recovery.
The aim of this research work was to find out the knowledge and attitudes of the population of Međimurje County about eating disorders. The research was conducted through an online questionnaire consisting of 17 questions in April 2024. 158 respondents from Međimurje County participated in the research. Half of the respondents had met a person diagnosed with an eating disorder in their life, and most of them had no prejudices against the sufferers. Most respondents believe that the onset of eating disorders is influenced by the image of their own body and negative verbal comments based on appearance, and they are recognized by the following symptoms: vomiting, refusing food, overeating, losing weight, counting calories and constantly weighing. The majority of respondents believe that eating disorders do not only affect women, and that people who suffer from the disorder have a reduced ability to work. The respondents believe that eating disorders are not talked about enough in the community where they live, even though they are dangerous and life-threatening. Eating disorders are dangerous and serious mental disorders and should be taken seriously as such and talked about much more given the increase in incidence. Although little is said about eating disorders, the knowledge of the population is satisfactory
Prevalence of aggression by patients towards nurses and technicians
No full textAgresivno ponašanje u zdravstvenim ustanovama predstavlja ozbiljnu prijetnju sigurnosti i zdravlju u zdravstvenim ustanovama, a nasilje nad medicinskim osobljem konstantno raste. U okviru ovog diplomskog rada istražuje se agresija pacijenata prema medicinskim sestrama i tehničarima, s fokusom na oblike agresije i njihov utjecaj na zaposlenike u zdravstvenom sektoru. Istraživanje je provedeno među 225 ispitanika te se razmatra prevalencija i posljedice agresivnih incidenata na radnu učinkovitost i mentalno zdravlje.
Rezultati pokazuju da su medicinske sestre i tehničari najčešće izloženi verbalnoj agresiji, dok su fizičko nasilje i destruktivni oblici agresije relativno rijetki. Istraživanje otkriva da 63,6% ispitanika doživljava agresiju, s većinom prijavljenih slučajeva verbalnih napada. U vezi s prijavama agresije, značajan broj ispitanika ne prijavljuje incidente, što može biti rezultat straha od posljedica ili osjećaja da prijave neće rezultirati promjenama. Također, samo 4,9% ispitanika smatra da agresori snose posljedice, što ukazuje na potrebu za poboljšanjem sustava prijave.
Istraživanje dodatno pokazuje da agresija negativno utječe na radnu sposobnost i mentalno zdravlje zaposlenika. Više od 14% ispitanika izvještava o smanjenju sposobnosti za obavljanje radnih zadataka zbog agresije, dok povećani broj dana bolovanja potvrđuje ozbiljne posljedice za zdravlje. Edukacija o prevenciji i upravljanju agresivnim ponašanjem prepoznata je kao ključna za smanjenje broja agresivnih incidenata i poboljšanje radne atmosfere.
Zaključno, rad naglašava potrebu za unapređenjem politika prijave, većom transparentnošću i podrškom zaposlenicima, te implementacijom preventivnih mjera za smanjenje negativnih utjecaja agresije i poboljšanje radne okoline u zdravstvenom sektoru.Aggressive behavior in healthcare facilities represents a serious threat to safety and health in healthcare facilities, and violence against medical staff is constantly increasing. Within this thesis the aggression of patients towards nurses and technicians was explored, with a focus on forms of aggression and their impact on employees in the health sector. The research was conducted among 225 respondents, and the prevalence and consequences of aggressive incidents on work efficiency and mental health are considered.
This research paper analyzes patient aggression towards nurses and technicians, focusing on the types of aggression and their impact on employees in the healthcare sector. Based on research conducted among 225 participants, the paper examines the prevalence and consequences of aggressive incidents on work performance and mental health.
The results show that nurses and technicians are most frequently exposed to verbal aggression, while physical violence and destructive forms of aggression are relatively rare. The study reveals that 63.6% of participants experience aggression, with the majority of reported cases involving verbal attacks. Regarding aggression reports, a significant number of participants do not report incidents, which may be due to fear of repercussions or the belief that reports will not lead to changes. Furthermore, only 4.9% of participants believe that aggressors face consequences, indicating a need for improvements in the reporting system.
The study also shows that aggression negatively affects employees' work ability and mental health. More than 14% of participants report a decrease in their ability to perform work tasks due to aggression, while an increased number of sick days confirms serious health consequences. Education on the prevention and management of aggressive behavior is recognized as crucial for reducing the number of aggressive incidents and improving the work environment.
In conclusion, the paper highlights the need for enhancing reporting policies, increasing transparency and support for employees, and implementing preventive measures to reduce the negative impacts of aggression and improve the work environment in the healthcare sector
Physiotherapy management for periarthritis humeroscapularis
No full textOsim što predstavlja izazov za medicinske stručnjake u dijagnostici i liječenju, sindrom bolnog ramena ima značajan utjecaj na kvalitetu života pacijenata, ograničavajući ih u obavljanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti, radu i sudjelovanju u rekreativnim i sportskim aktivnostima. Stoga je važno istražiti različite aspekte ovog sindroma kako bi se osigurala najbolja moguća skrb za pacijente. U ovom će se radu također prikazati različite bolesti koje se zajednički nazivaju sindromom bolnog ramena uključujući anatomske, biomehaničke značajke, iščašenja, ozljede, kao i liječenje. Razumijevanje anatomije i biomehanike ramenog zgloba ključno je za prevenciju sindroma bolnog ramena te za razvoj ciljanih strategija liječenja. Bitno je naglasiti važnost interdisciplinarnog pristupa u upravljanju sindromom bolnog ramena, što uključuje suradnju između ortopeda, fizioterapeuta, reumatologa, radiologa i drugih zdravstvenih stručnjaka. Ovaj holistički pristup osigurava najbolje moguće rezultate za pacijente, prilagođene njihovim individualnim potrebama i karakteristikama. Kroz ovaj rad, nadamo se pružiti uvid u složenost sindroma bolnog ramena, istaknuti najnovija saznanja i terapijske opcije te potaknuti daljnje istraživanje kako bismo unaprijedili dijagnostiku i liječenje ovog čestog, ali zahtjevnog medicinskog problema.Beside an addition to being a challenge for medical professionals in diagnosis and treatment, painful shoulder syndrome has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, limiting them in performing daily activities, work and participation in recreational and sports activities. Therefore, it is important to investigate the various aspects of this syndrome to ensure the best possible care for patients. In this paper, we will also explore the various diseases collectively known as painful shoulder syndrome including anatomical, biomechanical features, dislocations, injuries, as well as treatment. Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder joint is essential for the prevention of painful shoulder syndrome and for the development of targeted treatment strategies. It is important to emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in the management of painful shoulder syndrome, which includes collaboration between orthopedists, physiotherapists, rheumatologists, radiologists and other health professionals. This holistic approach ensures the best possible results for patients, tailored to their individual needs and characteristics. Through this seminar paper, we hope to provide insight into the complexity of shoulder pain syndrome, highlight the latest knowledge and therapeutic options, and encourage further research to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this common but demanding medical problem
Comparative analysis of awareness, habits and attitudes of nursing students and physiotherapy students on HPV and vaccination against HPV
No full textHumani papiloma virusi (HPV) su DNA virusi koji inficiraju bazalne epitelne stanice kože i sluznica. Postoje niskorizični i visokorizični genotipovi HPV-a koji mogu dovesti do karcinoma vrata maternice. Imunosni sustav većine zaraženih osoba uspijeva eliminirati virus, ali ako ostane prisutan, može dovesti do razvoja karcinoma. Infekcije HPV-om dijele se na benigne, premaligne i maligne, ovisno o riziku razvoja karcinoma. HPV se prenosi putem direktnog ili indirektnog kontakta, a može se prenijeti i s majke na dijete tijekom trudnoće. Dijagnoza se postavlja kliničkim, histološkim i citološkim ispitivanjima te metodama molekularne biologije. Iako specifičan lijek za HPV infekciju ne postoji, cijepljenje je učinkovita preventivna mjera. Prevencija se temelji na cijepljenju, programima probira i edukaciji. Medicinske sestre i tehničari imaju ključnu ulogu u prevenciji i ranom otkrivanju karcinoma vrata maternice kroz edukaciju i podršku rizičnim skupinama.
Istraživanje provedeno od lipnja do kolovoza 2024. godine na Sveučilištu Sjever u Varaždinu, analiziralo je razlike u razini informiranosti, navikama i stavovima prema HPV-u među studentima sestrinstva i fizioterapije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 108 ispitanika, od kojih je 68 bilo na studiju sestrinstva, a 40 na studiju fizioterapije. Rezultati su otkrili određene razlike koje ukazuju na potrebu za prilagođenim edukativnim pristupom. Jedan od ključnih nalaza istraživanja odnosi se na nedovoljnu razinu znanja o HPV-u u obje skupine. Iako su studenti sestrinstva u većem postotku točno identificirali povezanost HPV-a s karcinomom vrata maternice, općenito znanje o metodama prijenosa i važnosti cijepljenja ostaje ograničeno, posebno među studentima fizioterapije. Ovo ukazuje na potrebu za dodatnim obrazovanjem o prevenciji, prijenosu i cijepljenju protiv HPV-a. Uloga visoko educiranih medicinskih sestara posebno je važna u ovoj problematici. Kao budući stručnjaci u zdravstvu, medicinske sestre igraju ključnu ulogu u edukaciji i osvješćivanju pacijenata o važnosti prevencije HPV-a i redovitih medicinskih pregleda. Stoga je od velike važnosti da studenti sestrinstva, ali i fizioterapije, steknu adekvatno znanje i vještine kako bi mogli učinkovito educirati i savjetovati svoje buduće pacijente, doprinoseći na taj način smanjenju incidencije HPV infekcija i s njima povezanih bolesti.Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are DNA viruses that infect the basal epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes. There are low-risk and high-risk HPV genotypes that can lead to cervical cancer. The immune system of most infected individuals is able to eliminate the virus, but if it remains present, it can lead to development of cancer. HPV infections are classified as benign, premalignant, and malignant, depending on the risk of cancer development. HPV is transmitted through direct or indirect contact and can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy. Diagnosis is made through clinical, histological, and cytological examinations, as well as molecular biology methods. Although there is no specific treatment for HPV infection, vaccination is an effective preventive measure. Prevention is based on vaccination, screening programs, and education. Nurses and technicians play a key role in the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer through education and support for at-risk groups.
This research, conducted from June to August 2024 at the University North in Varaždin, analyzed differences in the level of awareness, habits, and attitudes towards HPV among nursing and physiotherapy students. The study included 108 respondents, of whom 68 were in nursing studies and 40 in physiotherapy studies. The results revealed certain differences, indicating the need for a tailored educational approach. One of the key findings of the research is the insufficient level of knowledge about HPV in both groups. Although nursing students more frequently correctly identified the link between HPV and cervical cancer, general knowledge about transmission methods and the importance of vaccination remains limited, especially among physiotherapy students. This highlights the need for additional education on prevention, transmission, and vaccination against HPV. The role of highly educated nurses is particularly important in addressing this issue. As future healthcare professionals, nurses play a key role in educating and raising awareness among patients about the importance of HPV prevention and regular medical check-ups. Therefore, it is crucial for both nursing and physiotherapy students to acquire adequate knowledge and skills so that they can effectively educate and advise their future patients, thereby contributing to reducing the incidence of HPV infections and related diseases
Analysis of streaming platforms in Northern Croatia
No full textStreaming platforme postale su sinonim za svakodnevnu zabavu i razonodu. Pojavom streaming
platformi dolazi do revolucije u načinu konzumacije sadržaja te promjene dinamike industrije
zabave i medija. Hrvatska je dio sveukupnog trenda rasta streaming servisa koji je rezultat
digitalne transformacije medijske industrije.
S ubrzanim razvojem digitalne tehnologije i interneta, način na koji ljudi konzumiraju medijski
sadržaj dramatično se promijenio. Tradicionalni mediji, poput televizije, radija i fizičkih nosača
podataka, postepeno ustupaju mjesto modernim oblicima distribucije sadržaja putem streaming
platformi. Streaming platforme su postale sinonim za svakodnevnu zabavu, prilagođavajući se
brzim promjenama u tehnološkom okruženju i potrebama korisnika. S povećanjem dostupnosti
širokopojasnog interneta i napredovanjem pametnih uređaja, korištenje streaming servisa
bilježi značajan rast i u Hrvatskoj, posebno u sjevernoj regiji. Netflix, Spotify, HBO Max i
drugi globalni igrači, zajedno s domaćim platformama poput Pickboxa, sve su prisutniji u
svakodnevnom životu korisnika. Ova digitalna transformacija u medijskoj industriji ne mijenja
samo načine distribucije sadržaja, već i navike potrošača, utječući na to kako, kada i što
gledamo ili slušamo.
Ovaj rad ima za cilj analizirati korištenje streaming platformi u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj, uz fokus
na promjene u preferencijama i navikama korisnika. Također, istražuje se kako streaming
platforme utječu na društveni život, slobodno vrijeme te odabir medijskog sadržaja ovisno o
raspoloženju korisnika. Analiza obuhvaća i utjecaj platformi na piratstvo, s obzirom na globalnu
debatu o njihovoj ulozi u smanjenju ili povećanju nelegalne distribucije digitalnih sadržaja.
Nadalje, rad se osvrće na to kako Netflix, kao jedan od najpopularnijih streaming servisa,
mijenja način na koji gledatelji pristupaju televizijskom i filmskom sadržaju. Digitalna
transformacija medijske industrije dovela je do pojave novih oblika konzumacije sadržaja, što
dodatno naglašava potrebu za analizom ovog fenomena u lokalnom kontekstu.
Hipoteze istražuju kako su streaming platforme unjele promjene u kulturu gledanja sadržaja,
povećale interes za druge žanrove, te kako recenzije utječu na odabir streaming platforme.
Detaljnom analizom utvrdit će se da je upotreba streaming platformi povezana s vremenom za
opuštanje i odmor te da iste imaju veliki utjecaj na kvalitetu života.Streaming platforms have become synonymous with everyday entertainment and free time.
With the invention of streaming platforms, there is a revolution in the way content is consumed
and changes in the dynamics of the entertainment and media industry. Croatia is part of the
overall growth trend of streaming services, which is the result of the digital transformation of
the media industry.
With the rapid development of digital technology and the Internet, the way people consume
media content has changed dramatically. Traditional media such as television, radio and
physical data carriers are gradually giving way to modern forms of content distribution via
streaming platforms. Streaming platforms have become synonymous with everyday
entertainment, adapting to rapid changes in the technological environment and user needs.
With the increase in the availability of broadband internet and the advancement of smart
devices, the use of streaming services is also growing significantly in Croatia, especially in the
northern region. Netflix, Spotify, HBO Max and other global players, along with domestic
platforms like Pickbox, are increasingly present in the daily life of users. This digital
transformation in the media industry is not only changing the way content is distributed, but
also consumer habits, affecting how, when and what we watch or listen to.
This paper aims to analyze the use of streaming platforms in northern Croatia, with a focus on
changes in user preferences and habits. It also investigates how streaming platforms affect
social life, free time and the selection of media content depending on the user's mood. The
analysis also includes the impact of platforms on piracy, given the global debate about their
role in reducing or increasing the illegal distribution of digital content. Furthermore, the paper
looks at how Netflix, as one of the most popular streaming services, is changing the way viewers
access television and film content. The digital transformation of the media industry has led to
the emergence of new forms of content consumption, which further emphasizes the need to
analyze this phenomenon in a local context.
The hypotheses investigate how streaming platforms have brought about changes in the culture
of viewing content, increased interest in other genres, and how reviews influence the choice of
streaming platform. A detailed analysis will establish that the use of streaming platforms is
related to time for relaxation and rest and that they have a great impact on the quality of life
Addiction as a public health issue: a cross-sectional study on various forms of addiction in the general population
No full textUVOD: Ovisnost je složen problem koji utječe na brojne aspekte života, manifestirajući se kroz bihevioralne, fiziološke i kognitivne promjene. Prema ICD-10, dijagnoza ovisnosti temelji se na simptomima poput intenzivne želje za supstancom i smanjene kontrole. Sveprisutna konzumacija psihoaktivnih tvari predstavlja izazov u javnom zdravstvu. Alkoholizam i ovisnost o nikotinu te kockanju zahtijevaju sveobuhvatan pristup prevenciji i liječenju. Medicinske sestre i tehničari ključni su u procjeni i liječenju ovisnosti, pružajući podršku kroz sve faze rehabilitacije.
CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati prevalenciju i uzroke konzumacije cigareta, alkohola i droga među različitim dobnim i obrazovnim skupinama te istražiti stavove i svijest ispitanika o posljedicama takvog ponašanja. Također, cilj je analizirati učestalost i motive za kockanje te identificirati komplikacije i posljedice povezane s tim ovisnostima. Istraživanje nastoji razumjeti ulogu društvenih i edukativnih čimbenika u razvoju ovisnosti i važnost prevencije i edukacije u smanjenju negativnih utjecaja na zdravlje i društvo
METODE: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 238 ispitanika, od kojih je 195 žena i 43 muškaraca sudionika. Sudionici su bili starosti od 18 do 30 i više godina. Za istraživanje je izrađen anonimni upitnik koji se sastoji od 20 pitanja. Od toga, 3 pitanja obuhvaćaju sociodemografske podatke, 13 pitanja se odnose na temu istraživanja s ponuđenim odgovorima, a 4 su otvorenog tipa gdje su sudionici trebali sami ponuditi odgovore. Anketa je provedena putem Google obrasca od 31.01.2024. do 30.04.2024. i bila je dostupna putem društvenih mreža.
REZULTATI: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 238 ispitanika, većinom žene u dobi od 18 do 25 godina. Većina ispitanika ne puši, a od onih koji puše, najviše je počelo u srednjoj školi. Alkohol rijetko konzumira 60,9% ispitanika, pri čemu najčešće piju vino (51,7%). 78,6% ispitanika nikad nije probalo drogu, ali 96,6% smatra da je lako dostupna. Većina ispitanika ima snažan stav protiv droga dok 81,1% nikad nije kockalo.
ZAKLJUČAK: Istraživanje pokazuje da je pušenje manje rašireno među mladima, ali oni koji puše često to čine zbog društvenog pritiska ili zabave. Svi ispitanici su svjesni zdravstvenih rizika pušenja. Alkohol se konzumira uglavnom rijetko, a vino je najčešće konzumirano. Većina ispitanika smatra da je droga lako dostupna i imaju snažan stav protiv droga. Kockanje nije uobičajeno među ispitanicima, a oni koji kockaju najčešće to čine zbog zabave. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu za daljnjim edukacijama i preventivnim mjerama usmjerenim na smanjenje konzumacije droga i alkohola te podizanje svijesti o posljedicama kockanja.INTRODUCTION: Addiction is a complex problem that affects many aspects of life, manifesting itself through behavioral, physiological and cognitive changes. According to ICD-10, the diagnosis of addiction is based on symptoms such as intense desire for the substance and reduced control. The ubiquitous consumption of psychoactive substances represents a challenge in public health. Alcoholism and addiction to nicotine and gambling require a comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment. Nurses and technicians are key in addiction assessment and treatment, providing support through all phases of rehabilitation.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to examine the prevalence and causes of cigarette, alcohol and drug consumption among different age and educational groups and to investigate the respondents' attitudes and awareness of the consequences of such behavior. Also, the goal is to analyze the frequency and motivations for gambling and to identify the complications and consequences associated with these addictions. The research seeks to understand the role of social and educational factors in the development of addiction and the importance of prevention and education in reducing negative impacts on health and society.
METHODS: 238 respondents participated in the research, of which 195 were women and 43 were men. The participants were aged from 18 to 30 and over. An anonymous questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was prepared for the research. Of these, 3 questions include socio-demographic data, 13 questions refer to the research topic with provided answers, and 4 are open-ended where the participants had to offer the answers themselves. The survey was conducted via a Google form from January 31, 2024. until 30.04.2024. and was available through social networks.
RESULTS: 238 respondents participated in the research, mostly women aged 18 to 25. Most respondents do not smoke, and of those who smoke, most started in high school. Alcohol is rarely consumed by 60.9% of respondents, with wine being the most frequent drinker (51.7%). 78.6% of respondents have never tried the drug, but 96.6% believe that it is easily available. Most respondents have a strong stance against drugs, while 81.1% have never gambled.
CONCLUSION: Research shows that smoking is less widespread among young people, but those who smoke often do so because of social pressure or fun. All respondents are aware of the health risks of smoking. Alcohol is consumed mostly rarely, and wine is the most commonly consumed. Most respondents believe that drugs are easily available and have a strong stance against drugs. Gambling is not common among the respondents, and those who gamble usually do so for fun. The results indicate the need for further education and preventive measures aimed at reducing drug and alcohol consumption and raising awareness of the consequences of gambling
Vaccination calendar analysis and the role of the nurse in preventing infectious diseases
No full textCijepljenje u dječjoj dobi ključno je ne samo za zaštitu zdravlja pojedinaca već i za širu zajednicu. Tijekom povijesti, zarazne bolesti poput difterije, ospica, poliomijelitisa i tuberkuloze bile su među glavnim uzrocima smrtnosti među djecom, često ostavljajući dugoročne posljedice kod onih koji su preživjeli. Zahvaljujući programima cijepljenja, učestalost i ozbiljnost tih bolesti značajno su smanjene, a u nekim slučajevima, poput poliomijelitisa, gotovo iskorijenjene u mnogim dijelovima svijeta. Cijepljenje ne samo da direktno štiti djecu od potencijalno smrtonosnih bolesti, već ima i širi učinak na zajednicu putem stvaranja kolektivnog imuniteta. Kada je velik dio populacije imuniziran, mogućnost izbijanja bolesti se značajno smanjuje, čime se osigurava zaštita ranjivih skupina, poput novorođenčadi, starijih osoba i onih s oslabljenim imunološkim sustavom koji se ne mogu cijepiti iz zdravstvenih razloga. Ovaj zaštitni mehanizam ključan je alat za sprječavanje širenja zaraznih bolesti i očuvanje zdravlja cijele zajednice. Osim izravne zdravstvene zaštite, cijepljenje donosi značajne ekonomske koristi. Infektivne bolesti često zahtijevaju skupo i dugotrajno liječenje, koje uključuje hospitalizacije, medicinske tretmane i specijaliziranu njegu. Prevencija bolesti putem cijepljenja smanjuje potrebu za ovim tretmanima, čime se smanjuje opterećenje zdravstvenog sustava i ostvaruju značajne uštede. Jedan od ključnih čimbenika u održavanju visokih stopa procijepljenosti jest edukacija roditelja i šire zajednice. U eri digitalnih medija, širenje dezinformacija putem društvenih mreža i internetskih platformi može izazvati nepovjerenje u cjepiva. Zbog toga je od velike važnosti pružiti roditeljima točne i pravovremene informacije o sigurnosti i učinkovitosti cijepljenja, kako bi mogli donositi informirane odluke o zdravlju svoje djece. U tom kontekstu, zdravstveni djelatnici, a posebno medicinske sestre, igraju ključnu ulogu. One su često prvi kontakt roditelja sa zdravstvenim sustavom, te su odgovorne za provođenje programa cijepljenja, informiranje roditelja i praćenje mogućih nuspojava. Program cijepljenja za 2024. godinu pruža detaljan pregled preporučenih cjepiva prema dobi djeteta, osiguravajući da svako dijete primi pravovremenu i potpunu imunizaciju. Ovaj program uključuje cjepiva protiv niza opasnih bolesti kao što su tuberkuloza (BCG), Haemophilus influenzae tip b (Hib), difterija, tetanus, hripavac (DI-TE-PER), dječja paraliza (IPV), ospice, zaušnjaci i rubeola (MO-PA-RU), te hepatitis B i pneumokok.Childhood vaccination is crucial not only for protecting individual health but also for the wider community. Throughout history, infectious diseases such as diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, and tuberculosis were among the leading causes of child mortality, often leaving long-term consequences for those who survived. Thanks to vaccination programs, the incidence and severity of these diseases have been significantly reduced, and in some cases, like poliomyelitis, they have been almost eradicated in many parts of the world. Vaccination not only directly protects children from potentially deadly diseases but also has a broader impact on the community by creating herd immunity. When a large portion of the population is immunized, the likelihood of outbreaks is significantly reduced, ensuring the protection of vulnerable groups such as newborns, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons. This protective mechanism is a key tool for preventing the spread of infectious diseases and preserving the health of the entire community. In addition to direct health protection, vaccination also brings significant economic benefits. Infectious diseases often require costly and long-term treatment, including hospitalizations, medical treatments, and specialized care. By preventing diseases through vaccination, the need for such treatments is reduced, thereby relieving the burden on the healthcare system and achieving substantial savings. One of the key factors in maintaining high vaccination rates is the education of parents and the wider community. In the digital media era, the spread of misinformation through social networks and online platforms can cause distrust in vaccines. Therefore, it is crucial to provide parents with accurate and timely information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines so that they can make informed decisions about their children's health. In this context, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, play a critical role. They are often the first point of contact for parents with the healthcare system, and they are responsible for administering vaccination programs, informing parents, and monitoring potential side effects. The vaccination program for 2024 provides a detailed overview of recommended vaccines based on the child's age, ensuring that every child receives timely and complete immunization. This program includes vaccines against a number of dangerous diseases such as tuberculosis (BCG), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP), poliomyelitis (IPV), measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and hepatitis B and pneumococcus
Treatment of acute stroke with systemic thrombolysis at General Hospital Varaždin in the period from year 2019. to 2023.
No full textAkutni ishemijski moždani udar (AIMU) je hitno medicinsko stanje koje nastaje začepljenjem krvne žile u mozgu trombom ili embolusom čime se prekida dotok krvi u određeni dio mozga. AIMU je bolest naglog i nepredvidivog nastanka, koja nastaje neovisno o dobi ili spolu. Simptomi koji nastaju su raznoliki, te ovise o intenzitetu i mjestu pojave AIMU-a. Budući da je AIMU hitno stanje, izuzetno je važno brzo reagirati. Jedna od glavnih terapijskih opcija liječenja AIMU-a je sistemska trombolitička terapija. Cilj trombolize je otapanje tromba ili embolusa kako bi se spasila penumbra i ponovno uspostavila cirkulacija zahvaćenog ishemijskog područja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati korisnost liječenja sistemskom trombolitičkom terapijom. Analizirani podaci prikupljeni su iz Bolničkog informacijskog sustava (BIS) Odjela za neurologiju Opće bolnice Varaždin u vremenskom periodu od 2019. - 2023. godine. U istraživanju je analizirano 123 pacijenata hospitaliziranih zbog AIMU-a, koji su bili liječeni sistemskom trombolitičkom terapijom. U istraživanju je ispitano koliko je provedeno tromboliza u odnosu na sve hospitalizirane AIMU-e, u kojoj dobi ili kod kojeg spola je pojavnost AIMU-a najveća, u koje doba dana je AIMU nastao, pojavnost i vrsta simptoma, vrijeme dolaska pacijenta u bolnicu, vrijeme pregleda i obrade pacijenta prije trombolize, te vremenski prozor u kojem su pacijenti primili sistemsku trombolitičku terapiju. Također je ispitan i uspoređen oporavak pacijenata sa vremenskim prozorom nakon primijenjene sistemske trombolitičke terapije, te je ispitano mjesto otpusta pacijenata. Sistemskom trombolitičkom terapijom liječeno je 7.04% pacijenata, od svih hospitaliziranih AIMU-a. Trombolizirano je više muškaraca od žena, a prosječna dob pacijenata bila je 66.5 godina. AIMU je najčešće nastao ujutro, dok je pojava simptoma bila najčešće u obliku faciopareze, hemipareze ili ataksije i disfazije ili dizartrije. Pacijenti su u prosjeku u bolnicu stigli za 76 minuta, prosječni DNT bio je 80 minuta i prosječni vremenski prozor bio je 166 minuta. Pacijenti koji su trombolizu primili u kraćem vremenskom prozoru pokazali su bolje rezultate oporavka, a kod polovice pacijenata liječenje je završeno otpustom kući. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako je liječenje sistemskom trombolitičkom terapijom učinkovito, pogotovo ako se primijeni u što kraćem vremenskom prozoru. U cjelokupnom procesu liječenja AIMU-a sistemskom trombolizom važnu ulogu imaju magistre/magistri sestrinstva koji su odgovorni za provođenje sestrinskih intervencija, pružanje podrške, nadzora i praćenja pacijentovog stanja, te predviđanja tijeka trombolize. Također imaju ulogu u organiziranju, delegiranju i provjeri ispravnosti sestrinskih aktivnosti. Magistre/magistri sestrinstva mogu provoditi javnozdravstvene akcije i edukacijske programe opće populacije usmjerene na prepoznavanje simptoma MU-a te naglasiti važnost brzog traženja hitne pomoći.Acute ischemic stroke (AIMU) is an emergency medical condition that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked by a thrombus or embolus, which cuts off blood flow to a certain part of the brain. AIMU is a disease of sudden and unpredictable onset, which occurs regardless of age or gender. The resulting symptoms are diverse and depend on the intensity and location of AIMU. Since AIMU is an emergency, it is extremely important to react quickly. One of the main therapeutic options for the treatment of AIMU is systemic thrombolytic therapy. The goal of thrombolysis is to dissolve the thrombus or embolus in order to save the penumbra and restore circulation to the affected ischemic area. The goal of this study was to examine the usefulness of treatment with systemic thrombolytic therapy. The analyzed data were collected from the Hospital Information System (BIS) of the Neurology Department of General Hospital Varaždin in the period from 2019. - 2023. The study analyzed 123 patients hospitalized for AIMU, who were treated with systemic thrombolytic therapy. The research examined how much thrombolysis was performed in relation to all hospitalized AIMUs, at what age or gender the occurrence of AIMUs is the highest, at what time of day AIMUs occurred, the incidence and type of symptoms, the time of the patient's arrival at the hospital, the time of examination and treatment of the patient before thrombolysis, and the time window in which the patients received systemic thrombolytic therapy. The recovery of patients with the time window after systemic thrombolytic therapy was also examined and compared, and the place of discharge of patients was examined. Systemic thrombolytic therapy treated 7.04% of patients, out of all hospitalized AIMUs. More men than women underwent thrombolysis, and the average age of the patients was 66.5 years. AIMU most often occurred in the morning, while the onset of symptoms was most often in the form of facioparesis, hemiparesis or ataxia and dysphasia or dysarthria. Patients arrived at the hospital in an average of 76 minutes, the average DNT was 80 minutes and the average time window was 166 minutes. Patients who received thrombolysis in a shorter time window showed better recovery results, and in half of the patients the treatment ended with discharge home. Research has shown that treatment with systemic thrombolytic therapy is effective, especially if it is applied in as short a time window as possible. In the overall process of treatment of AIMU with systemic thrombolysis, an important role is played by masters of nursing who are responsible for carrying out nursing interventions, providing support, supervision and monitoring the patient's condition, and predicting the course of thrombolysis. They also have a role in organizing, delegating and verifying the correctness of nursing activities. Masters of Nursing can implement public health campaigns and educational programs for the general population aimed at recognizing the symptoms of MU and emphasize the importance of seeking emergency care quickly
Prevalence of myocardial infarction in the General Hospital Dr. Anđelko Višić Bjelovar in the period from 2013 to 2023.
No full textUVOD: Kardiovaskularne bolesti (KVB) su vodeći uzrok oboljenja u suvremenom
svijetu i Republici Hrvatskoj. Uzroci bolesti u najvećoj mjeri obuhvaćaju prisutan
obrazac nezdravstvenog ponašanje i stil života prepun čimbenika rizika, pa veliki
naglasak treba staviti na važnost prevencije bolesti.
METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 412 bolesnika iz bolničke baze
podataka. Podaci su prikupljani kroz 10 godina, a obuhvatili su sve bolesnike koji
su liječeni u periodu od lipnja 2013.-lipnja 2023. u koronarnoj jedinici Opće bolnice
Bjelovar s dijagnozom akutnog infarkta miokarda. Podaci su obuhvatili dob, spol,
faktore rizika, vrijeme pojave boli te ishode liječenja i komplikacije.
REZULTATI: Kod svih ispitanika bili su prisutni faktori rizika, 97% bolesnika imalo
je hipertenziju, 52,7% bolesnika hiperlipidemiju, 22% bolesnika šećernu bolest.
Komplikacije nije imalo 64% bolesnika. Statistički značajno više muškaraca
(p=0,012), njih 10,7% konzumira nikotinske proizvode u odnosu na žene, 3,8%.
Statistički značajno više žena (p=0,011) boluje od šećerne bolesti, njih 27% u
odnosu na 16,6% muškaraca. Kod KOPB-a statistički značajna razlika (p=0,032)
uočena je kod muškaraca gdje njih 7,5% više boluje od navedene bolesti u odnosu
na 2,5% žena. Značajno više bolesnika starije životne dobi (p=0,001) boluje od
hipertenzije, njih 99%. U raspodjeli hiperlipidemije kao faktora rizika u korelaciji s
komplikacijama uočeno je kako statistički značajno više bolesnika (p=0,007) koji
nisu imali komplikacije bolesti, bolovalo je od hiperlipidemije, njih 54,5%.
RASPRAVA: Hipoteza istraživanja nije potvrđena jer nije dokazana statistički
značajna razlika između vremena trajanja bolova do dolaska u bolnicu i trajanja
hospitalizacije (p=0,715). Hipoteza 2 je potvrđena. Nije uočena statistički značajna
razlika kod prisutnosti hipertenzije s obzirom na spol.
ZAKLJUČAK: Muškarci češće konzumiraju duhanske proizvode, statistički
značajno više žena boluje od šećerne bolesti, a muškaraca od KOPB-a, dok su
hipertenzija i hiperlipidemija zastupljene kod oba spola podjednako. Bolesnici koji
su imali hiperlipidemiju u povijesti bolesti manje su imali komplikacije bolesti. Nije
uočena značajna razlika u dužini hospitalizacije s obzirom na vrijeme od početka
pojave bolova do dolaska u bolnicu.INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of
disease in the modern world and in the Republic of Croatia. The causes of the
disease to the greatest extent include the current pattern of unhealthy behavior
and a lifestyle full of risk factors, so great emphasis should be placed on the
importance of disease prevention.
METHODS: The research was conducted on a sample of 412 patients from the
hospital database. The data were collected over 10 years, and included all
patients who were treated between June 2013 and June 2023 in the coronary unit
of the Bjelovar General Hospital with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
The data included age, gender, risk factors, time of onset of pain, and treatment
outcomes and complications.
RESULTS: Risk factors were present in all subjects, 97% of patients had
hypertension, 52.7% of patients had hyperlipidemia, and 22% of patients had
diabetes. 64% of patients had no complications. Statistically significantly more
men (p=0.012), 10.7% of them consume nicotine products compared to women,
3.8%. Statistically significantly more women (p=0.011) suffer from diabetes, 27%
of them compared to 16.6% of men. In the case of COPD, a statistically significant
difference (p=0.032) was observed in men, where 7.5% more suffer from the
mentioned disease compared to 2.5% of women. Significantly more elderly
patients (p=0.001) suffer from hypertension, 99% of them. In the distribution of
hyperlipidemia as a risk factor in correlation with complications, it was observed
that statistically significantly more patients (p=0.007) who did not have
complications of the disease suffered from hyperlipidemia, 54.5% of them.
DISCUSSION: The research hypothesis was not confirmed because no
statistically significant difference was proven between the duration of pain until
arriving at the hospital and the duration of hospitalization (p=0.715). Hypothesis 2
is confirmed. No statistically significant difference was observed in the presence of
hypertension with regard to gender.
CONCLUSION: Men consume tobacco products more often, statistically
significantly more women suffer from diabetes, and men suffer from COPD, while hypertension and hyperlipidemia are equally common in both sexes. Patients who
had hyperlipidemia in their medical history had fewer complications of the disease.
No significant difference was observed in the length of hospitalization with regard
to the time from the onset of pain to arrival at the hospital
Physical and mechanical properties of concrete with agro-waste as a replacement for commonly used aggregate
No full textUbrzana urbanizacija i razvoj, potiču na što veća potrebu za novim i posebnim vrstama betona.
Obzirom da se radi o potražnji koja je zanimljiva raznim istraživačima dolazi do povećeg
razvoja posebnih materijala koji ne samo da zadovoljavaju građevinske standarde, već i
smanjuju negativan utjecaj na okoliš, reguliraju potrošnju prirodnih resursa te omogućuju
korištenje otpadnih materijala iz različitih prirodnih izvora. Iz tog razloga u eksperimentalnom
dijelu rada cilj je ispitati svojstva betona koji sadrži različite razine koštica grožđa i višanja.
Kao glavni materijal korištene su koštice grožđa i višanja. Na svakoj mješavini su u svježem
ispitani su gustoća betona, udio pora, konzistencija slijeganjem i konzistencija rasprostiranjem
a u očvrslom stanju gustoća očvrslog betona i njegova tlačna čvrstoća. Rezultati istraživanja
pokazali su da je korištenjem agregata iz prirodnih izvora moguće proizvesti beton koji svojom
čvrstoćom odgovara konstruktivnom betonu no zbog manje gustoće može pozitivno utjecati na
seizmičku otpornost građevina.
Vjeruje se kako ovaj pristup doprinosi većem razvoju građevinske industrije, dok istovremeno
smanjuje utjecaj na okoliš.Accelerated urbanization and development drive an increasing demand for new and special
types of concrete. Given that this demand is of interest to various researchers, there has been
significant development of special materials that not only meet construction standards but also
reduce negative environmental impact, regulate the consumption of natural resources, and
enable the use of waste materials from various natural sources. For this reason, the experimental
part of the study aims to examine the properties of concrete containing grape and cherry pits.
Grape and cherry pits were used as as a partial replacement for commonly used aggregate. For
each mixture concrete density, pore content, slump consistency, and flow consistency have been
tested in its fresh state as well as density and compressive strength in its hardednen state. The
research results showed that using aggregates from natural sources makes it possible to produce
concrete with strength that meets structural concrete standards, but due to its lower density (and
weight), it can positively affect the seismic resistance of structures.
It is believed that this approach contributes to the further development of the construction
industry while simultaneously reducing environmental impact