Journal of Science & Technology (JST)
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Reviving Forgotten Foods: Agronomic Performance and Economic Potential of Underutilized Indigenous Crops in Sub-Saharan Africa
Get PDFCrop diversification is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of global strategies for sustainable
agriculture, climate resilience, and nutritional security. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), underutilized
indigenous crops such as sorghum, millet, Bambara groundnut, fonio, and amaranth offer a unique
combination of agronomic adaptability, nutrient density, and cultural relevance. These species have
evolved under local agroecological pressures, conferring tolerance to drought, heat, and marginal soils
while contributing to dietary diversity and rural income generation. Despite their potential, indigenous
crops remain marginalized in research, policy, and markets
The Logic and the Ledger: Tracing the DNA of AI
Get PDFThe development of intelligent systems is fundamentally and inseparably linked to a sophisticated
mathematical framework. Modern artificial intelligence (AI), particularly its subfields of machine learning
(ML) and deep learning, is not a new discipline of computer science but rather a highly advanced
application of classical and novel mathematical principles. The models and algorithms that enable systems
to process data, learn intricate patterns, and optimize predictions are built upon a bedrock of abstract
mathematical theories. This paper systematically deconstructs this relationship, demonstrating how core
mathematical disciplines serve as the language, the engine, and the conceptual framework for all
intelligent systems. The analysis will traverse from foundational principles to their application in
cutting-edge architectures and conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical challenges that
are currently shaping the future of the field
Three-Dimensional (3D) Food Printing: Technology, Applications, and Ethical Considerations
Get PDFThree-dimensional (3D) food printing is an emerging additive manufacturing technology that constructs
edible products layer by layer from digital designs. It promises unprecedented customization of food shape,
texture, and nutritional content, with potential applications ranging from personalized diets to novel culinary
experiences. For example, this technology can create appealing texture foods for patients with swallowing
difficulties and incorporate byproducts (e.g. unshaped produce or insect protein) to reduce waste. Key
benefits include tailored nutrient profiles, creative presentation, on-demand production, and supply chain
flexibility. However, significant challenges remain maintaining nutrient density during processing, ensuring
food safety, consumer acceptance of “printed” foods, and developing appropriate regulatory frameworks
Neurological Applications of Exosome-Delivered Bioactives from Ancient Chinese Herbal Components
Get PDFA bioactive substance derived from Chinese herbal medicines with established biological activity and pharmacological effects is known as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomer. It has drawn a lot of interest for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the low solubility and poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing of TCM monomers restrict their use. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 30 to 150 nm, exosomes may be employed as drug delivery vehicles that target cells or tissues directly. They have special benefits, such as low immunogenicity, low toxicity, high blood stability, and the capacity to pass the blood-brain barrier. The biogenesis, components, stability, surface modification, separation method, benefits, and drawbacks of exosomes as drug carriers are covered in this review, which also contrasts exosomes with other comparable drug delivery systems. Additionally, exosome-encapsulated TCM monomers exhibit neuroprotective properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-mitophagy, in a variety of neuronal diseases, such as cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (CI/R) injury, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and anti-drug resistance, anti-tumorigenesis, and anti-angiogenesis, as well as the promotion of apoptosis in brain tumors. These findings further motivate the development of an exosome-based delivery tool in targeted therapy for neuronal diseases
"Assessing the Efficacy of THR Products: A Randomized Controlled Trial in LMIC Populations"
Get PDFAs a result of increasing tobacco smoking, LMICs may account for a disproportionately high number of deaths caused by tobacco use worldwide. In order to deploy tobacco harm reduction (THR) products as an effective smoking cessation approach to limit escalating tobacco use in LMICs, it is vital to understand and perform RCTs in this setting. In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), 258 adult smokers will participate over the course of 52 weeks; each arm will get a 12-week treatment and a 12-week follow-up period. After participants fulfill the requirements and provide their informed permission, they will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: (1) e-cigarettes with individual counseling and a nicotine patch dose of 21 mg or (2) nicotine patches with individual counseling and a nicotine concentration of 18 mg/ml. Both a screening and a baseline (BL) visit will be planned for participants at the trial location. A total of eight study visits, comprising five treatment sessions and three follow-up visits, will be arranged for the participants. These visits will include both in-person contacts at the trial site and telephone follow-up. In all, eight visits are scheduled for weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 52. For the purpose of quantifying biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence, the trial site will use exhaled carbon monoxide evaluation
Integrative Analysis of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers And Their ” Clinical correlates in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes A Multi Parametric Approach
Get PDFIn this study, we used the neutrophil granulocytes functional activity model to examine oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant protection, lipid peroxidation, and T1D in children. According to research, children with type 1 diabetes show heightened lipoperoxidation and antioxidant defense system activation in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage, which includes bidirectional alterations in non-enzymatic pathways. The development of tolerance to oxidative stress in children with compensated type 1 diabetes is indicated by the coordinated synthesis of reactive oxygen species and oxygen-dependent blood cell metabolism. In children with decompensated type 1 diabetes, it is indicated that the third stage of oxidative stress, which involves the depletion of insulin-producing β-cells, begins with a decrease in reactive oxygen species production, a decrease in the activation of the phagocyte oxygen-dependent metabolism, and incomplete phagocytosis mechanisms. The severity of metabolic problems in children with type 1 diabetes is influenced by the level of the antioxidant defense system's "respiratory explosion" of neutrophilic granulocytes
Methods for the Development of Cationic Nanocapsules for the Topical Administration of Tretinoin: A Box-Behnken Approach, In Vitro Assessment, and Ex Vivo Epidermal Deposition Research
Get PDFAn exciting new direction in topical administration is the use of cationic nanocapsules. To improve the photostability, user compliance, and pharmacodynamic effectiveness of tretinoin (TTN), we built on a new formulation that relies on cationic nanocapsules. The nanoprecipitation process was used to create TTN nanocapsules in order to accomplish this. A Box-Behnken design was used with the help of Design-Expert software to statistically optimize the formulation variables. The cationic acrylic polymer weight (X1), oil volume (X2), and total transdermal N-terminal thickness (X3) were the three independent variables that were examined. As for the dependent variables, we chose particle size and encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%)
THE GOLDFISH JURY: Got your Attention?
Get PDFThis paper investigates the extensive societal disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (2021–2023) and its lasting impact on human attention and social interaction. It highlights how the pandemic not only increased death rates from respiratory infections but also significantly hindered interpersonal learning and communication by isolating individuals. Evidence from the NEAP 2024 indicates a measurable decline in academic performance, with average reading scores dropping by two points among 4th and 8th graders, suggesting that educational disruptions have long-term cognitive effects. The study further explores the concept of a “Kessler Effect of Human Attention,” drawing an analogy to the cascade of space debris, where the overwhelming flow of digital data and algorithm-driven content leads to fragmented focus and diminished deep thinking. Additionally, it examines how age-related differences in attention processing and decision-making are influenced by the loss of traditional, interpersonal interactions, calling for new strategies to counteract information overload and maintain societal cohesion
IOT MILITARY SECURITY SYSTEM FOR TRACING OF MISSILE USING ULTRASONIC RADAR
No full textThe purpose of this project is to design and construct automatic missile detection and destroying system. This system is designed to detect the target (missile) moving in multiple directions. The target destroying system moves automatically in the direction of missile and fires it upon fixing the target. This system consists of an intelligent sonar-based object tracking system that continuously monitors the target. Upon detecting the target, it sends the target‟s location to a Central Control System. The Central Control System takes the action of moving the firing mechanism in the direction of target (missile). Upon fixing the direction, it sends the control command to firing system for attacking the target. In this project we are making use of ultrasonic radar system and a DC geared motor driven firing unit interfaced with a Microcontroller based control unit. The ultrasonic sensor movement is maintained by the servo motor fixed within it. The servo motor is made to revolve through fixed angles; if object is detected then the angle position is sent as the input to the launcher fixed servo motor. The launcher will release the missile fixed within it because the Ultrasonic sensors covers larger sensing distance and it can detect the target in all the lighting conditions (day or night). The programming of Microcontroller is done using Embedded „C‟
Impact of Electromagnetic Radiation, Predation, and Habitat on House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Abundance: Implications for Conservation Strategies
Get PDFThe house sparrow (Passer domesticus), one of the most widespread bird species across urban and ruralenvironments globally, has seen a notable decline in population in recent years, raising concerns amongecologists. This study explores the factors influencing house sparrow abundance, including mobile towers,electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, and predation. House sparrows were recorded in 169 of the 205 studysites, thriving in suburban (94.7%), urban (86.3%), and rural (80.4%) areas. While statistical analysis showedno significant relationship between the presence of mobile towers and sparrow abundance, high-level EMFradiation (E > 40V/m, M > 0.4μT) had a significant negative impact on their population, with a p-value of <0.05. Predators, such as Eurasian sparrow hawks, house crows, monkeys, and cats, were also identified assignificant threats. Interestingly, artificial nests showed a positive influence, with an average encounter rateof 15 ± 1.4 nests per block, indicating their potential for conservation. Soil type also played a role, with redloam and black cotton soils found to support more favorable conditions for foraging and nesting.This study underscores the influence of land-use practices, EMF radiation, and predation on housesparrow populations, highlighting artificial nests as a viable conservation measure. Further research isneeded to explore additional factors affecting house sparrow abundance and refine conservation strategiesthrough artificial nest provisioning