Journal of Science & Technology (JST)
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Risk Evaluation and Trends of Brain Tumor Development in Youth: A Comprehensive Analysis
Get PDFThe increasing frequency of brain tumors is a major concern for world health. A large portion of this load falls on India because of the country's large population. Incidence rates of brain tumors vary among areas and demographic groups in India, creating a complicated epidemiological environment. Brain tumour incidence and distribution in India are affected by demographic variables including age, gender, socioeconomic position, and region. With continuous endeavors centered on customized medicine, targeted treatments, immunomodulation, and precision oncology, the future of brain tumor research and therapy in India is bright. To sum up, brain tumors are a major problem in Indian healthcare and need a thorough knowledge of their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. In order to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life, it is necessary to tackle the complex issues related to brain tumor care via teamwork and new ideas
Revolutionizing Audio Content Navigation: AI-Enhanced Multimodality and Machine Learning for Speaker Diarization and Topic Segmentation
Get PDFThe rapid evolution of digital media has propelled an increasedconsumption of audio content, ranging from podcasts to educational lectures.Despite its growing popularity, the inherent unstructured nature of audio mediaposes significant challenges in navigation and user interaction. Our paperintroduces an innovative AI-driven framework designed to fundamentallytransform audio content exploration. Utilizing cutting-edge machine learning anddeep learning technologies, the system applies precise speaker diarization andtopic segmentation to radically improve navigation and content discovery inaudio streams. Furthermore, the incorporation of an interactive chat featureenriches user interaction, allowing listeners to effortlessly query and jumpdirectly to specific content via intuitive voice and text commands. This advancedsystem not only streamlines the audio exploration process but also personalizesthe listener experience by integrating multimodal interfaces and sophisticatedcontent annotation techniques. By addressing critical navigational inefficiencies,this framework sets a new paradigm in personalized, structured, and interactivemedia consumption, catering to the evolving demands of modern audio contentusers
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF 32 – BIT HIGH SPEED RISC PROCESSOR USING PIPELINING TECHNIQUE
Get PDFThe Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture prioritizes a compact, efficient set ofinstructions that execute in uniform cycles, enabling high-performance computing across devices—fromembedded systems to supercomputers. This research presents the design and implementation of a 32-bitRISC processor leveraging a pipelining technique to enhance throughput while maintainingcomputational efficiency. The proposed processor supports 16 arithmetic and logical operations andadheres to the Harvard architecture, featuring separate data and instruction memories for concurrent access.The processor incorporates a 32-bit ALU for arithmetic and logical computations, alongwith general-purpose registers and a dedicated flag register to track carry, zero, andparity statuses. The pipelined design divides instruction execution into multiple stages(fetch, decode, execute, memory access, and write-back), significantly improvinginstruction throughput. Each instruction is encoded uniformly, and the design supportsmultiple addressing modes for flexibility
SARCASMET: EXTENSION OF LEXICON ALGORITHM FOR EMOJI-BASED SARCASM DETECTION FROM TWITTER DATA
Get PDFSince the industrial revolution, the original way of communicating; face-to-face communication has been used as a model to develop the various ways of communicating known to date. Transposing the principles and codes of natural face-to-face communication to today’s online communication is a major challenge for developers. In today's digital era, social media platforms like Twitter have become a hub for expressing opinions, emotions, and humor. Sarcasm, a form of verbal irony, is a prevalent means of communication on such platforms. However, detecting sarcasm in online content poses a significant challenge due to the absence of vocal intonations and facial expressions. This necessitates the development of reliable methods to automatically identify and understand sarcasm in tweets. Sarcasm makes use of positive lingual contents to convey a negative message. Different types of approaches have been developed to implement sarcasm detection on online communication platforms. However, the levels of efficiency of these approaches have been the principal worries of developers. Lexicon algorithm is used to determine the sentiment expressed by a textual content. This sentiment might be negative, neutral, or positive. It is possible to be sarcastic using only positive or neutral sentiment textual contents. Hence, lexicon algorithm can be useful but insufficient for sarcasm detection. It is necessary to extend the lexicon algorithm to come up with systems that would be proven efficient for sarcasm detection on neutral and positive sentiment textual contents. In this work, two sarcasm analysis systems both obtained from the extension of the lexicon algorithm have been proposed for that sake. The first system consists of the combination of a lexicon algorithm and a pure sarcasm analysis algorithm. The second system consists of the combination of a lexicon algorithm and a sentiment prediction algorithm. Finally, the proposed model aims to detect the sarcasm from the text and emotion icon with improved efficiency.
 
A Review: Non - Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques, Applications and FutureProspects
Get PDFThis comprehensive study delves into the world of Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT) and their numerous applications in a variety of industries. The text looks into the ideas and functioning processes of both traditional and modern NDT procedures. The paper focuses on advancements and upcoming trends, providing insights into the critical role of NDT in guaranteeing the structural integrity, safety, and reliability of materials and components. The study emphasizes the importance of NDT in areas such as manufacturing, aerospace, energy, and healthcare by delving into real-world applications. Finally, the study underlines the importance of NDT in improving quality control, reducing risks, and increasing operating efficienc
Design of a Lora-Based IoT Network using Enhance Clustering Protocols.
Get PDFLoRa is an IoT (Internet of Things) enabling technology which is particularly suitable for low data rateapplications. The technology can achieve extended network coverage while operating in unlicensed ISM bandand falls into the category of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) technologies. Currently, LoRa WANnetworks face challenges related to Collision rates, packet delivery, and efficient management of static andmobile nodes. Existing methods based on ALOHA have limitations that hinder the effectiveness inaccommodating the diverse requirements of Lora networks. In this study, A LoRa IOT network with bothstatic and mobile nodes is modelled in MATLAB Environment. Static-Based Time Slot (SBTS) and Energy-Aware Dynamic User Clustering (EADUC) clustering approaches are implemented for Clustering andimplemented using ALOHA and TDMA medium Access mechanisms. The implementation assesses how theseprotocols impact key network metrics like Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) andCollision rate (CR). Result from the analysis underscores the clear performance superiority of the SBTS-TDMAprotocol in LoRa networks. SBTS-TDMA achieved the highest Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) at 10.97 dB,significantly outperforming EADUC-TDMA, EADUC-ALOHA, and SBTS-ALOHA, which enhances interferencemanagement. It also excelled in Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), reaching 78.84%, demonstrating greaterreliability in data transmission than other protocols. Additionally, with a Collision Rate of just 0.00045, SBTS-TDMA outperformed EADUC-TDMA, EADUC-ALOHA, and SBTS-ALOHA, reinforcing its efficiency andreliability for data integrity in LoRa networks
Strategic Perspectives on the Evolving Future of Commercial Banking Amid Disruption
Get PDFThis research evaluates the effect of "digital disruption" on "commercial banking", evaluating the way enhancedtechnologies involving AI, fintech, and blockchain form traditional banking approaches. It assesses issues indicatedby evolving customer expectations, the incorporation of innovative approaches for enhancing operational flexibilityalongside resilience, and approaches for obtaining "long-term sustainability". The particular research offers detailsinto the way banks can embrace, innovate, and manage competitiveness within the transforming financialenvironment
"Bridging the Knowledge Gap: Evaluating Female Medical Students' Understanding of HPV Prevention and Cervical Cancer Risk in (Your Regionl"
Get PDFIt is possible to avoid cervical cancer by detecting cervical dysplasia, a precancerous condition, early on using a Pap smear. Cervical cancer is less prevalent in countries that have robust screening systems. When it comes to human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer screening, Saudi Arabia is woefully unprepared. Our objective is to gauge the level of knowledge among female students at Umm Al-Qura University, KSA, about cervical cancer, PAP smears, and HPV. Additionally, we will look at any obstacles to and opinions on the HPV vaccine. At Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah, Saudi Arabia, 479 female students participated in a cross-sectional study by completing an online questionnaire. Of those who took part, 86.4% were familiar with cervical cancer, whereas 40.7% knew about HPV, 30.5% about the vaccination, and 55.1% about Pap tests. Nearly 60% of those who took part were aware that cervical cancer may be avoided. Of those who needed the HPV vaccination, only 16.5% knew when to get it. With regard to the PAP smear screening, only 7.1% were aware of when to begin. Getting the HPV vaccination was supported by the majority of people (72%). Among married women who consented to Pap smears, only 4% had a personal history of cervical cancer, 2.1% had gotten the HPV vaccination, and 4.4% had actually had one. The number of individuals who demonstrated a high level of expertise was much greater among those specializing in health sciences (college). Health education and awareness efforts should emphasize the significance of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening
Improved postoperative recovery after gastrointestinal surgery with opioid-free anesthesia: present state, obstacles, and future possibilities
Get PDFOptimizing perioperative treatment, mitigating surgical stress reactions, and accelerating patient recovery are the goals of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, which is seeing growing application in gastrointestinal procedures. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), respiratory depression, and intestinal paralysis are serious side effects of opioid-based anesthesia that may slow down recovery, despite the fact that it successfully reduces pain. These worries are intended to be alleviated by opioid-free anesthesia (OFA). Focusing on its function in facilitating gastrointestinal function recovery, better pain management, lowering adverse events, and increasing patient satisfaction, this article investigates the pharmacological substances and localized block strategies often used in OFA
Through an antioxidant mechanism, baicalein promotes remyelination and ameliorates motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.
Get PDFThe hallmark deficits of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, are caused by recurrent demyelination that destroys remyelination and disrupts axonal conduction. Traditional Chinese medicines are becoming more and more popular as researchers look for new medications to treat multiple sclerosis. Techniques: In animal studies, C57BL/6J male mice were given cuprizone (CPZ), a copper chelator harmful to cell mitochondria, to create an animal model of multiple sclerosis. By looking at how baicalein (BA) affected the neuropathological alterations and behavioral abnormalities brought on by CPZ, the therapeutic benefits of BA were thoroughly examined. Additionally, the molecular and cellular processes that underlie BA's therapeutic actions were investigated. The OLN-93 cell line and cultivated oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells were used in the in vitro tests under different CPZ, H2O2, and BA conditions. Cell biology and biochemical techniques were used to assess the cultivated cells' survival, development, and mitochondrial activity as well as any oxidative stress indicators. Findings: In the in vivo tests, BA promoted the remyelination process and reduced neuroinflammation in the brains of CPZ-exposed mice, aiding in the recovery of their motor and cognitive deficits. Underpinning these protective effects, BA's antioxidant activities kept the signal pathway at normal levels by preventing the over-activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its downstream antioxidant enzymes (HO-1, NQO1, and SOD2). The in vitro tests demonstrated that CPZ and H2O2 both cause oxidative stress and damage to the cell's mitochondria, which delays the formation of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells. By scavenging ROS produced by the cells' damaged mitochondria, BA successfully stopped the development delay of cultivated OLs