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Civic Innovation in Portugal: The potential and limitations of citizen labs to experiment new urban futures
Get PDFDemocracy in Portugal is challenged by the lack of awareness regarding decision-making processes, disappointment with quality of life expectations, and a general lack of trust in politics. Citizens\u27 disenchantment with the performance of governors and politicians is reflected in low electoral participation and radicalisation in the public sphere. Despite this, there is a growing inclination towards participatory dynamics and solidarity initiatives. The 50th Portuguese anniversary of democracy in 2024 should draw attention to innovative civic engagement projects that enhance democratic maturity and citizens’ commitment.
The present article aims to conceptualise citizen innovation, and analyse its practices in Portugal, typify models of civic laboratories, and discuss their effectiveness, focusing on results, particularly those that are managed as a bottom-linked model This study carried out a literature review and analysed four recent initiatives in Portugal. Structured in three parts, it discusses civic labs as settings for structural change and analysis of civic innovation in Portugal.
The study emphasises equally the transformative potential of collaborative collective action between citizens and communities, particularly when it is mediated and geographically delimited. Citizen labs are seen as valuable spaces for mapping resources, combining knowledge, and experiencing social transformations with low risk. Regarding civic labs governance models, the bottom-linked approach, although with limitations, tends to reveal a strong potential when compared to top-down institutional or bottom-up community approaches.
Cover page: The conceptual and operative dimensions of the Urban Civic Lab
Sentido do saber escolar em contexto de “uberização” para o/a estudante da Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Get PDFThe research investigates the changes in the possibilities and expectations of uberized work and how they affect the relationship between students of Youth and Adult Education and school. It aims to understand the meaning of schooling and the meaning of knowledge that young people who perform precarious jobs attribute to learning. It analyses data collected in 2021 through surveys and interviews in three Brazilian schools in São Paulo/Brazil. The results indicate that the expectation of economic ascension through better jobs provided by the secondary school completion certificate remains. Still, the students also look for jobs that satisfy personal expectations before financial ones. We conclude that the school’s role in training workers remains, but the relationship with the school’s knowledge has changed. It was possible to identify that the opportunities in the work market compose an important factor for schooling; however, the image of “good work” is related to the autonomy perception because it tends to be more satisfactory for young people due to the control they have over their time.A pesquisa investiga as mudanças em relação às possibilidades e expectativas do trabalho uberizado e como afetam a relação dos/as alunos/as da Educação de Jovens e Adultos com a escola. Objetiva compreender o significado da escolarização e o sentido do saber que jovens que realizam trabalhos precarizados atribuem à aprendizagem. Para tanto, analisa dados coletados em 2021, por meio de questionários e entrevistas em três escolas estaduais na cidade de São Paulo/Brasil. Os resultados indicam que a expectativa de ascensão econômica através de melhores empregos proporcionados pelo certificado de conclusão do ensino médio permanece, mas os/as estudantes também buscam empregos que satisfaçam as expectativas pessoais antes das financeiras. Conclui-se que o papel da escola de formar trabalhadores/as permanece, mas a relação com os saberes escolares vem se alterando. Foi possível identificar que as oportunidades no mercado de trabalho compõem um importante fator para a escolarização, entretanto a imagem do “bom trabalho” se relaciona a condição autônoma, pois tendem a ser mais satisfatórios para os/as jovens pelo controle que possuem do tempo
As contribuições da psicologia social sobre ‘grupos’ para reflexões sobre o trabalho docente em contexto avaliativo no stricto sensu
Get PDFThe stricto sensu postgraduate assessment in Brazil is carried out by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel and is a fundamental instrument of the national postgraduate system. Assessment results have several uses: students can use grades to choose their future courses; national and international funding agencies guide their funding policies according to the scores assigned by the Evaluation; studies and indicators produced by the Evaluation also serve to induce government policies to support and grow graduate studies and establish an agenda to reduce inequalities between regions in Brazil. During the evaluation cycle, professors and coordinators of stricto sensu courses work under the demand for productivity to fulfil the evaluation items and requirements and to provide the information required by the process. In this context, in which the work of one is also the work of all the final results of the group’s work, it is expressed by the result of the four-year evaluation of the graduate program at the end of an evaluation cycle. In this article, questions about ‘Groups’ are presented based on the contributions of Michener et al. (2005) on the characteristics, nature, structure, roles of members and objectives of a group. Points of the confluence of these issues with the work of professors of the stricto sensu are also presented in the context of the evaluation of the graduate programs in which they work, as well as results and discussions of recent research carried out in Brazil on teaching work (during the text) and, therefore, relevant to the issues addressed to corroborate the discussion.A avaliação da pós-graduação stricto sensu no Brasil é realizada pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e constitui instrumento fundamental do sistema nacional de pós-graduação. Os resultados da avaliação têm diversos usos. Para o cumprimento dos itens e quesitos avaliativos e para a prestação das informações requeridas pelo processo de avaliação, docentes e coordenadores/as de cursos stricto sensu trabalham sob a demanda por produtividade em um contexto no qual todos precisam contribuir, pois o fecho deste trabalho em grupo é expresso pelo resultado da avaliação quadrienal do programa de pós-graduação. Deste modo, o ponto que se apresenta é a averiguação do trabalho docente sob conjuntura coletiva. Nesta perspectiva, refletir sobre as características, natureza, estrutura, papéis dos integrantes e propósitos de um grupo torna-se o objetivo deste estudo e, para isso, recorrem-se aos estudos de Michener et al. (2005) e suas contribuições sobre ‘Grupos’. Os pontos de confluência sobre as questões que envolvem ‘Grupos’, a partir da obra do referido autor, são apresentados ao longo do texto, acompanhados de resultados e discussões de pesquisas recentes realizadas no Brasil para demonstrar as situações práticas e aclarar a teoria
Conhecimento-emancipação numa escola quilombola: O princípio da comunidade e a resistência histórica e atual
Get PDFThis article aims to promote a discussion about the formal education of minorities racialised by coloniality from the context of a school in quilombola territory, located in Brazil. Thus, we propose a reflection on the concept of public school within a historical context, reflecting on the tension between the pillar of social regulation, inherited by the principles of the State, the community and the market, and the pillar of social emancipation, which consists of the aesthetic-expressive rationality of arts and literature, the instrumental-cognitive rationality of science and technology, and the moral-practical rationality of ethics and law. A qualitative case study was used as an emerging research strategy, with semi-structured interviews and document analysis as data collection. To carry out the data analysis, content analysis is used from the perspective of Bardin (2011), opting for thematic analysis to interpret the interviews. We consider, therefore, that there is a possibility of overcoming the tension between appropriation and violence suffered by people in colonised territories based on knowledge-emancipation linked to social, cultural and political practices within the principle of community.Este artigo tem por objetivo promover uma discussão sobre a educação formal das populações racializadas pela colonialidade a partir do contexto de uma escola em território quilombola, situada no Brasil. Assim, propomos uma reflexão acerca do conceito de escola pública, dentro de um contexto histórico, refletindo sobre a tensão entre o pilar da regulação social, constituído pelos princípios do Estado, da comunidade e do mercado; e o pilar da emancipação social, que consiste na racionalidade estético-expressiva das artes e da literatura, a racionalidade instrumental-cognitiva da ciência e da tecnologia, e a racionalidade moral-prática da ética e do direito. Foi utilizado, enquanto estratégia de investigação emergente, o estudo de caso qualitativo, tendo como recolha de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas e análises documentais. Para a realização da análise dos dados, recorreu-se à análise de conteúdo na perspetiva de Bardin (2011), optando pela análise temática para a interpretação das entrevistas. Ponderamos, dessa forma, que há possibilidade de superação da tensão entre a apropriação e a violência sofrida pelas pessoas dos territórios colonizados, a partir do conhecimento-emancipação vinculado às práticas sociais, culturais e políticas dentro do princípio da comunidad
Next Edition and Scopio & Contrast International Conference: Exploring Contemporary Realities
Get PDFWith this Open Call "Exploring Contemporary Realities", we launch the annual major theme of interest for scopio Magazine AAI – Visual Spaces of Change: Exploring Contemporary Realities, Volume 2, and initiate a new collaboration with the project Contrast: Multidisciplinary network of artistic initiatives in Art, Architecture, Design and Photography through SCOPIO & CONTRAST International Conference.
The call will have as responsible Editors academics / artists coming from both scopio Magazine AAI and the Contrast project. This editorial team will ensure the necessary peer review work through the U. Porto OJS platform.
scopio Magazine AAI will be, in this way, the official publishing academic periodical for International Conference SCOPIO & CONTRAST and the submissions are both for the Conference and its 2nd volume in partnership with Contrast addressing the theme Exploring contemporary realities.
Abstracts for conference presentation will be published in the e-book of abstracts of the SCOPIO & CONTRAST International Conference, which will have also the program and will be accessible and free to download through scopio Magazine AAI and Contrast platforms at the time of the event.
Subsequent publication of the most relevant (expanded – full manuscripts) contributions will be published in section Exploring contemporary realities of scopio Magazine AAI ], Volume 2.
The present call aims to explore the use of photography and other means of visual representation as forms of artistic research, documentation, and analysis of different configurations on the transformation of the physical environment and how it is understood and shaped by a diverse field of study, practices and cultures. This means, besides other things, to better understand through photography and film the relationship between culture and space and explore how culture, beliefs, behaviours, and practices, interacts with and shape the physical environment of different territories and their architectures, cities and landscapes, as well as to acknowledge contemporary discourses and usages of landscape concepts1.
Social transformations are linked to changes in the inhabited place, and recent history has revealed the speed with which space changes. These transformations have been so radical that regular documentation about the impermanence of the place has become urgent. In fact, places are uncertain spaces and to represent them visually is to preserve their understanding, recent life experiences such as the gentrification of large cities or the health crisis have imposed profound changes on contemporary life models and, consequently, allowed the creation of previously unthinkable photographs. This is where the “Exploring contemporary realities” is located, artistic projects and documentary projects that operate from the expanded field of architecture, art and design from its actual materialization to the experiences of the place; exploring different levels of privacy, scales and urban landscapes. Focusing also on the exploration of the discursive space that operates in broader systems: sociocultural, political, historical and even technical.
If we accept the image as a kind of visual language2, disseminated and received in different geographic points, this call extends this dialogue, opening up to the integration of different looks of cultural identities from other regions, places and countries; the specificity of the place as a way to increase our understanding of society and the territory. The objective is to encourage the use of images for the construction of artistic projects that promote critical views on the transformation of the physical environment as a result of the way they are perceived and experienced in their multiple facets. In summary, the aim is to take advantage of the current role of the image as a way of expanding knowledge with a particular focus on photography, recognized as a privileged means of expression and research for the understanding of architecture and urban landscapes and for the construction of the imaginary; between document and fiction; reproduction and manipulation; analogue and digital visual representation as a means of crossing different disciplines, blurring artistic boundaries.
The call is interested in the construction of artistic projects and theoretical essays using photography and film as a way of communicating the experience of space, questioning how people live and work, as well as architectural practices and urban landscapes. We want to encourage students and researchers to develop projects that are not limited to documenting and describing reality, but to deepen knowledge that enhance the construction of more effective and meaningful ways of understanding our relationships with the territory, even anticipating a possible future. It is intended to develop visual essays based on conceptually and artistically strong photographic artistic practices.
We are open to submissions that explore photographic representation as an artistic research tool, both in theoretical work and in field work, in all its possible and complex artistic visions. We want to awaken the interest of authors in the areas of architecture, art and design encouraging the creation of photographic series that explore new frontier paradigms, which can contribute to the critical analysis of the dynamics of physical and social transformation, understanding architecture and urban landscape as living and inclusive organisms.
The organization of the international conference will integrate members coming from scopio Magazine AAI Editorial team and the Contrast project, reinforcing in this way the network of multidisciplinary artistic initiatives in Art, Architecture, Design and Photography
The Earth from Above: From Below
Get PDFThe evolution of aerial surveying from its nascent stages in the early 20th century to the contemporary era of satellite imagery is a narrative of technological and methodological advancement. Initially, the ability to interpret landscapes from above was rudimentary, limited by the infancy of aeronautical activities. However, as aviation developed, particularly spurred by wartime needs, the significance of aerial perspectives grew. The use of photography from aircrafts became a pivotal method for understanding and documenting the Earth\u27s surface, aiding in military strategies through the development of camouflage techniques. This paper explores the historical context in which aerial photography emerged as a critical tool for mapping and reconnaissance, highlighted by examples of camouflage used during World War II and the innovative use of aerial imagery in art and education, such as at the Pratt Institute of Art. It further discusses the transition from manual, piecemeal photographic surveys to the modern era\u27s comprehensive, real-time digital mapping technologies. This transition not only marks a significant technological leap but also a shift in our perceptual understanding of the Earth\u27s surface, as detailed through the examination of aerial imagery of airstrips and the conceptual art project "Earth From Above." This project, which organizes aerial images of airstrips and includes simulations of fictional runways, exemplifies the blend of artistic interpretation and geographic analysis. The paper concludes by reflecting on the philosophical implications of this evolution, drawing on Gaston Bachelard\u27s notions of scale and the miniature, to underscore the changing relationship between humans and their ability to conceptualize and visualize their environment from aerial perspectives.
Cover page: Collins, Marjory. 1943. “Camouflage class in New York University, where men and women are preparing for jobs in the Army or in industry, New York, N.Y. They make models from aerial photographs, re-photograph them, then work out a camouflage scheme and make a final photograph.” Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/2017878858
Sense of place: How should we think about urban planning practices today?
Get PDFConsidering the recent socio-technological, psychosocial, political, and economic developments, will the urban planning practices (in the systemic sense of its exercise) be able to adapt to a growing, changing urban culture? Noting the diverse variety of contemporary spatial practices in which methods, concepts, and discourses tend to be sealed off from one another, this reflection calls for a reevaluation of the plurality dimensions and layers in the construction of the urban reality, questioning in this process, the predictable hegemony regarding the supremacy of Architecture in shaping modern and current urban imagery. This essay seeks to foster a reflection on new contemporary paradigms of Western urban life, tracing a retrospective view that allows us to look systemically at what we have built. In this process, the aim is to stimulate a future collision path, a conceptual and operational dialogue between the creative disciplines of Architecture and Contemporary Art on the current urbanization courses, proposing this possible relationship as an inseparable disciplinary set in the process of producing public space and urban territory. Putting forth the hypothesis of reassessing the established models of contemporary urban planning, the goal is to explore the possible operationality of the bauhausian canon in its historical disciplinary triad (architecture/art/design) while, in a process of symbiotic interaction, considering them as complementary tools in urban design concept, promoting a pluralistic and expanded dialogue between the processes of designing, requalifying, and resignifying the future places.
Cover image: “Plaza de los Fueros”, Vitoria-Gasteiz. Designed in 1979 by Eduardo Chillida and Luis Peña Ganchegu
“Diamond wins: life turned trade secret”: – alternate history to reflect on industrial property rights in biotechnology
Get PDFAs of September 2022, the White House officially embraced biotechnology to generate innovative solutions for health problems,climate change, energy scarcity, and food insecurity. Genetically modified organisms (GMO) alone account for more than 160 000 biotechnological solutions for technical problems. All these solutions have been disclosed to the public as a requirement for obtaining patent rights, excluding third parties of commercial exploitation. In this paper, we resort to alternative outcomes of the landmark Diamond v. Chakrabarty case on the patentability of GMO to illustrate the societal value of patents in biotechnology. The point of divergence set by the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in favor of Diamond creates a parallel reality where trade secrets prevail in biotechnology, representing an opportunity to reflect on the instructiveness of patents
Oases in the grid: The gardens of postwar Milanese middle-class housing
No full textThe essay investigates the Milanese street-front gardens of post-WWII middle-class housing. Spread around the city by hectic developers, these gardens reflect specific cultural- al, political and social conditions of Italy’s industrial capital during the economic miracle.
Street-facing gardens are an essential feature of modern middle-class condominiums. They reflected the modernist urban vision of a park-city and the Milanese tradition of the street facade; they encapsulate the bourgeois culture with its urge for representative decorum and the freedom of architectural experimentation; their image was used as a marketing tool in real estate advertisement but also as an argument in negotiation for the building licence. In Post-WWII Milan urban nature radically changed its connotation: from a hygienic device, it transformed into a status symbol, and the Milanese started to take care of gardens precisely because of their decorative importance. Even though they are private, they are designed to be looked at from the street, and therefore they make an important part of the everyday urban experience.
Beyond their speculative nature, the gardens of Milanese condominiums transformed the urban landscape, bringing density together with well-cared nature into the city streets. The essay explores this phenomenon through a series of distant and close-up views as if following a wandering gaze through the streets of the city.
Cover image: Condominium in Piazzale Bacone, arch. Gustavo and Vito Latis, 196