The ESRF Research Journal for Undergraduate Medical Students
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The real Macaroni sign?
Full text linkA common case of dyspnea was admitted in Cardiology Unit for further in-vestigations. Because the normal vital signs, the lack of congestion at physical exami-nation, arterial blood gas analysis, troponin and NTproBNP levels within the normal range, non-detected abnormalities at EKG and echocardiography, a CT scan was planned in the suspected of lung disease. A body shaped like narrow tubes in the diges-tive tract from the esophagus to the stomach of undefined origin were reported. Thus, a urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy was scheduled. The final diagnosis was the “real Macaroni Sign”.
Socio-demographic profile of Cancer Patients Attending Radiotherapy Out Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata: A Cross-sectional Study
Full text linkIntroduction: Cancer is one of the important challenges of the health system worldwide and especially in developing countries, like India. Sociodemographic factors as well as lifestyle changes can be attributed to the rise of this disease.
Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Radiotherapy out-patient department of the NRSMC&H for a period of 1 month on 188 patients. Data collection was done using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire and history regarding socio-demographic Variables, history of comorbidity, family history of cancer in first degree relative/ Type of Cancer/s has been collected.
Results: Organ specific distribution of cancer shows that cancers were commonest in the breast (21.3%).There was a higher breast cancer rate in females (38.8%) and higher lung cancer rate in males (16.7%). Urban residents show a higher proportion of head and neck cancers (23.4%), while rural areas have more gastro-intestinal cases (19.4%). The prevalence of head and neck cancers among those with a history of addiction was 36.7%
Conclusion: Cancer in the study population was concentrated among middle-aged males of lower socio-economic status. Lifestyle factors, particularly tobacco use, a]were strongly correlated with a higher proportion of head and neck cancers. Distinct gender and geographical variations were marked in many cancer types.
Nutritional Assessment by Selected Anthropometric Variables among Second Year Students of a Private Medical College , Kolkata – a Cross-sectional Study
Full text linkNutritional Assessment by Selected Anthropometric Variables among Second Year Students of a Private Medical College , Kolkata – a Cross-sectional Study
Abstract
Introduction : Poor nutritional status can be defined by the states of under-nutrition or over-nutrition. Malnutrition, in every form, presents significant threats to human health. Today the world faces a double burden of malnutrition that includes both undernutrition and overweight, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The prevalence of malnutrition especially overnutrition is increasing day by day. The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in the past ~50 years, reaching pandemic levels . Medical students generally live a sedentary life and under lots of academic stress. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of the problem thus to estimate the nutritional status of the study participants by selected anthropometric variables . Methods : This is Institution based Observational Study Cross Sectional in design . The study setting was a private medical college in Kolkata, West Bengal. The study population was 2nd year Undergraduate MBBS students and the duration of study was 3 months from Sep 24 to Nov 24. Second year MBBS batch was selected purposively and the participants were selected by census methods. Anthropometric measurement was done maintaining standard protocol as per WHO STEPS guidelines . Result : 34 % of the study participants were overweight and 9 % were obese. More than one third of the male study participants have increased waist circumference and more than normal waist hip ratio . Among the female about two third were having truncal obesity The prevalence of NWO is 22.6 % among male and 57.7% among female. 17.4 % of the study participants have substantial risk of developing NCD and have high waist height ratio. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher as compared to NFHS 5. Females were more prone to develop NWO. More than half of the study participants had higher risk of developing NCD. Proper intervention is required at various level to minimize the burden of the disease.
Key Words : Nutritional status, obesity , Normal weight obesity
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the commonest isolate in clinically diagnosed urinary tract infection among patients attending OPD in a tertiary care hospital
Full text linkBackground: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections, with Escherichia coli as the leading pathogen. Rising antimicrobial resistance poses challenges for effective management. This study investigates the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the commonest urinary isolates from UTI cases among the OPD patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India.
Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Microbiology Department, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, from July to August 2024. Urine samples from 1090 clinically suspected UTI cases were processed using standard microbiological techniques, including microscopy, culture, and biochemical identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing followed Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: Significant bacteriuria was found in 144 (13.21%) samples, with a higher prevalence in females (58%) with the most affected age group being 13–45 years. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 93% of isolates, with Escherichia coli (79%) as the predominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.1%). Gram-positive bacteria (6.9%) were mainly Enterococcus faecalis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of E.coli revealed high sensitivity to fosfomycin (90.4%), colistin (89.7%), piperacillin-tazobactam (78.5%), and nitrofurantoin (85.2%), while resistance to cotrimoxazole and ampicillin was noted.Conclusion: This study highlights the increase prevalence of UTIs among females, particularly in reproductive age groups. Escherichia coli remains the predominant pathogen in OPD patients, reflecting global trends. The observed resistance to commonly used antibiotics, such as cotrimoxazole and ampicillin, emphasizes the urgent need for local antimicrobial surveillance and stewardship programs. The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers among Escherichia coli (17.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21%) further complicates treatment strategies. Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam demonstrate significanct efficacy and Nitrofurantoin being the first line of drug, is a viable options for empirical therapy. These findings underscore the importance of tailored antibiotic policies and the judicious use of antimicrobials to combat resistance and improve treatment outcomes
PR3-ANCA associated vasculitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN): an uncommon cause of rapidly developing renal failure
Full text linkPR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, primarily affecting the respiratory tract but occasionally leading to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). We present the case of a 64-year-old male with diabetes, hypertension, and COPD, who developed RPGN and pulmonary manifestation, initially manifesting as frothy urine, pedal edema, and dyspnoea. Diagnostic evaluation revealed positive PR3-ANCA, proteinuria, hematuria, and significant renal pathology, necessitating hemodialysis and immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide . This case underscores the need for early recognition and tailored management of PR3-ANCA vasculitis to improve patient outcomes
Bronchiectasis as rare initial manifestation of Rheumatoid arthritis
Full text linkAbstract
Bronchiectasis is defined as an irreversible abnormal dilatation of the bronchial tree. It has a variety of underlying causes, with a common etiology of chronic inflammation. Bronchiectasis is one of the most prevalent respiratory signs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although a hereditary predisposition to RA-related bronchitis has been shown, the notion of chronic bacterial infection-induced autoimmunity causing permanent bronchial damage is becoming increasingly popular among researchers. Patients with RA who have a persistent cough, excessive salivation, or recurrent respiratory infections should be suspected of having bronchiectasis; high-resolution thoracic computer tomography is required to establish the diagnosis. A multimodal treatment strategy is used to treat patients with bronchiectasis linked to R
Use and attitude towards assistive device among elderly population attending Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital of Darjeeling, West Bengal
Full text linkBackground: Elderly suffer from age-related limitations like mobility issues and sensory impairments, depend on others for daily activities. Assistive device will help them to perform daily tasks that might otherwise be difficult or impossible. The study aims to estimate the proportion of assistive device user among elderly patients and to find out attitude and barriers towards assistive device use.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 161 elderly attending the outdoor of a tertiary care hospital of Darjeeling, West-Bengal. A questionnaire-based study tool was used for data collection. The Socio-demographic characteristics, use of assistive devices and attitude and barriers of assistive device use were explored.
Results: The majority of the study participants belonged to 60-65 years of age (48.4%), were male (57%) and rural people (74%). 37.8% were partially dependent on others for their daily activities. 59% participants were using assistive devices. Among them 91.5% were using mobility devices and 8.5% were using hearing devices. 96.8% said they had improved quality of life after AD use. Majority agreed that using AD devices reduce stress on family care-givers (80%), enable to perform daily activities (75.2%), plays an important role in social life (72%), increases self-confidence (73.3%). Perceived barriers of AD use were regarding cost (74.5%), fear of dependency (57.7%), technical illiteracy (55.2%), embarrassment (54.6%) etc.
Conclusion: Elderly reported positive experiences with ADs, barriers such as cost and fear of dependency also expressed. By addressing these issues, healthcare providers and policymakers can contribute to the well-being and independence of the growing elderly population
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