European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Classroom Active Breaks Among Brazzaville’s Middle-Schoolers and Teachers of the Antonio Agostinho NETO General Education College
Get PDFBackground: Although classroom activity breaks (CAB) are essential for improving the learner's level of moderate to vigorous physical activity, they are not implemented and the impact of their effects is very poorly understood. Purpose: To determine students and teachers' knowledge on CAB and analyze the factors related to AA Neto middle school teachers' CAB knowledge. Method: A total of 90 students and 52 teachers Participated in this study. Student’s knowledge on CPAB and teacher’s knowledge and attitude on CAB and factors related to teacher’s knowledge on CAB were recorded with a questionnaire for about 20 minutes respectively. Results: The prevalence of student’s unawareness of CAB was high (87.8%) with a predominance of girls (92%). The prevalence of teacher’s unawareness of CAB was also high (78.8%) with a predominance of men (9 out of 2). Teachers had an unfavorable attitude towards the introduction of CAB. Lack of awareness of CAB was found to be significantly associated with age (OR = 0.95, CI = 0.92–0.99) and middle school diplomas (OR = 2.24, CI = 1, 03–4.84) and high school diploma (OR = 5.06, IC = 1.72–14.86). Conclusion: Overall, these results demonstrate a significant lack of CAB knowledge among students and teachers at AA Neto middle school. Similarly, teachers have a negative attitude towards CAB. Finally, the age, the diploma and the behavior change at the individual level were predictors of teachers' unawareness
Cardiovascular disease burden in a country: In the context of Sri Lanka
Get PDFCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and account for a significant portion of health loss and avoidable health system costs. The burden of CVDs has increased in recent decades almost everywhere in the world, but it has disproportionately affected low and middle-income countries. While more studies on the prevalence of CVDs are available, there is limited evidence presenting a complete picture on the burden of CVDs in Sri Lanka. In this context, this study aims to provide comprehensive picture on the burden of CVDs in the country. This study used of data available on the websites of ministry of health and department of census and statistics in Sri Lanka to present the comprehensive picture of the burden of CVDs in Sri Lanka. Overall, in 2019, there were an estimated 398,027 cases, 17144 deaths, due to CVDs in Sri Lanka. The proportion of deaths attributable to CVDs increased from 24.92% to 28.05% between 2004 and 2019. Aside from implementing preventive measures, the health sector must also prepare for long-term care of patients with CVDs, which could have substantial repercussions for resources and operations
Epidemiological and Histological Characteristics of Polyps Detected with Positive Tests During Mass Screening in the Wilaya of Béjaia
Get PDFDetection of polyps during screening colonoscopy has improved significantly in recent years. This results in an increase in the detection rate of adenomas thanks in particular to technological innovations ( chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine or electronic) and the training of gastroenterologists, which is inversely correlated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer. The main objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological profile and histological characteristics of polyps and adenomas detected during a mass screening operation for colorectal cancer in a healthy population in the wilaya of Bejaia. The total number of polyps found in our target population is 196 in 89 people. A person can have a minimum of 1 polyp and a maximum of 6 polyps, the average number of polyps per person is 2 polyps, 43% of the population participating in mass screening for colorectal cancer have at least one polyp and 28% have two polyps
Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Abdominal Wall after Hysterectomy: A Case Report
Get PDFNecrotizing fasciitis is a rare dermo-hypodermal condition involving necrosis of cutaneous, subcutaneous and fascial tissues. Its occurrence in postoperative settings is an exceptional and serious phenomenon, with a life-threatening prognosis: it is a medical-surgical emergency.The diagnosis is clinically suspected in the presence of hyperalgesic wall sepsis disproportionate to the extent of the lesions. Biological criteria are established by the LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score, which can help differentiate necrotizing fasciitis from severe cellulitis. Diagnosis is difficult at first, given the lack of specific signs, which worsens the prognosis, which depends on rapid medical and surgical management.Treatment is based on extensive and aggressive trimming of necrotic tissue with drainage, combined with active and intensive resuscitation, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy tailored to the results of bacteriological sampling. We report the case of a 42-year-old female patient presenting with necrotizing fasciitis of the anterolateral abdominal wall after hysterectomy
Sacral Chordoma: A Case Study
Get PDFChordomas are rare tumors of dysembryoplastic origin that differentiate from remnants of the notochord, an embryonic structure that typically disappears before birth. These tumors particularly localize to the sacrum and coccyx. The clinical evolution is slow, explaining the late diagnosis. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for diagnosis and staging. There are several anatomopathological forms. Treatment relies on surgery, with radiotherapy potentially being associated, particularly in infiltrating and inoperable forms. Recurrences can occur following optimal surgical treatment. Prognosis varies and depends on several factors
Preoperative Botulinum Toxin Injection for Complex Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair
Get PDFIntroduction: Due to their higher rates of morbidity and recurrence, complex abdominal wall hernias provide a difficult clinical dilemma. Botulinum toxin injection has been suggested as a feasible treatment option to ease patients' tense muscles and promote primary fascial closure. This study focus on how well preoperative botulinum toxin injections worked for patients with complicated abdominal wall hernias. Methodology: The patients in this retrospective study had complex abdominal wall hernias. Between January 2021 and December 2022, they had received preoperative botulinum toxin injections for those hernias. Age, gender, the extent of the transverse hernia defects both before and after the procedure, loss of domain, and muscle length, all were the study's variables. The data were analyzed using comparative analysis and paired t-tests. Results: The study involved 8 patients in all, with an average age of 53.38 ± 12.56 years. The mean fascial defect size before injection was 13.14 ± 4.58 cm, while the mean fascial defect size after injection was 11.84 ± 4.07 cm. Following the Botox injection, there was a statistically significant decrease in the size of the transverse hernia defect (p 0.001). The mean loss of domain before the surgery was 18.46 ± 11.96%, while the mean loss of domain after the 7.21%. Following the Botox injection, there was a statistically significant decrease in loss of domain (p 0.05). In 7 individuals, primary fascial closure was accomplished (87.5%). Both surgical and chemical components had no significant side effects. Conclusion: In individuals with complicated abdominal wall hernias, preoperative botulinum toxin injection is an efficient and secure method for lowering muscle tension and attaining primary fascial closure. it is challenging to make firm judgments on the effectiveness of preoperative Botox injection for complex abdominal wall hernia repair in the absence of a control group. The results of the current study need to be confirmed by larger studies with longer follow-up times and a control group
New Oral Anticoagulants – What’s New? A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Anticoagulant therapy is defined as the standard prevention and treatment method for systemic thromboembolism. Thus, despite heparin and vitamin K antagonists being used as traditional methods, the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), such as activated factor X inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors have been emerged, based on their safety and efficacy analyses appropriate to clinical practice, in addition to its convenience in clinical management. Objectives: To evaluate anticoagulant therapy with the use of NOACs. Methods: This is a systematic review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes criteria. Studies from the National Library of Medicine (PubMed.gov) and Embase databases were included, through randomized clinical trials (RCTs), published from 2011 until June 2021, which comprised the investigation question. Data were extracted about the NOACs, the conventional anticoagulant, use in renal patients, clinical outcomes and side effects. Results: 384 results were identified through the search strategy, proceeding to the analysis of 315 after exclusion of duplicates. Then, after the application of the eligibility criteria, 33 studies progressed to full reading and 18 were included in the qualitative analysis of the review. The included studies demonstrated the analysis of specific comorbidities, and most comprised the adult population and warfarin as a conventional anticoagulant used. Edoxaban was the most evaluated NOAC, being included in 7 studies. Bias analysis found 3 “low risk” studies and 7 overall “high risk” studies. Conclusion: The comparison of conventional therapy and NOACs demonstrates similarity in the efficacy clinical outcomes analyzed by the studies, with similar reductions of the risk of thromboembolic events. From the analysis of the occurrence of bleeding, NOACs represent reduced rates of such outcomes. Regarding the analysis of the risk of bias of the studies, 15 of the 18 studies analyzed were classified as “high risk of bias” or as “some concerns”, especially in the criteria of “missing outcome data. In general, although no methodologically strong evidence has been identified about NOACs, their use is a reasonable alternative to conventional therapy in clinical management
The Psychosocial Effects of Sickle Cell Anaemia Among Couples in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFThe function of the normal red blood cell is to transport oxygen with the help of haemoglobin while, sickle-shaped red blood cells are dehydrated, rigid and fragile causing blockage small blood vessels leading to vaso- occlusion, intravascular hemolysis and series of life threatening disorders [1]. The inheritance of homozygous sickle haemoglobin (HbS) is in accord with Mendelian laws. According to Mendelian laws, if carriers (AS) marry each other they will probably produce a sickler (SS) in ratio 1(SS): 2(AS): 1(AA) [2]. This is a descriptive study among secondary school teachers aiming at their knowledge level and specifically identifies the Socioeconomic effects of sickle cells diseased (SCD) on couples. Three hundred (300) participants were selected using simple random sampling Technique. The study instruments are a pre tested, validated, self-administered structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20; results were presented in tables and percentages. The results show that participants have good knowledge on SCD (83.3%), while 50% knows that it is an inherited blood disorders, 66.67 % knows that it can be detected via blood test. Majority of the respondents (93%) affirmed that genotype can influence their choice of partners to marry despite love and affection towards their partners. The study recommends more public health education and training to enable patients to receive optimum care for the treatment and prevention of SCD and more specialist centers should be established in high-risk communities
Scurvy: An Ancient Disease of the Present
Get PDFVitamin C deficiency, which leads to scurvy, is not a disease of the past, but a disease that occurs more and more often in developed countries in certain population groups, such as malnourished, alcoholic or elderly patients, those of low-income or patients with known psychiatric disorders or malabsorption syndromes. We present a case of a 67-year-old male patient who presented to our emergency department with a gradual cognitive impairment, inability to stand and walk and a non-palpable purpuric rash. After an extensive diagnostic workout, the clinical manifestations were attributed to low vitamin C levels and the patient showed gradual and complete recovery with replenishment of the deficiency. We emphasize the importance of high suspicion for an early diagnosis and immediate treatment to avoid serious and potentially fatal complications arising from this clinical entity
Non-Approved Uses of Selected Psychotropic Drugs and Pharmacy Students' Understanding
Get PDFA survey carried out among first year pharmacy students on their knowledge and opinions regarding the uses of non-FDA approved use of selected psychotropic drugs, namely duloxetine, escitalopram and quetiapine, revealed mixed results. Based on a set of five knowledge-based questions, an average of 39.5% of the survey participants scored correct answers on duloxetine. For escitalopram, the average correct response rate was 47.2%, and 32.2% for quetiapine. The highest correct response rate on a single question was 89.5% for duloxetine, 87.2% on two of the questions for escitalopram, and 77.1% for quetiapine. Comparison of each of the highest correct response to each of the responses within each drug showed significant differences (p< 0.05). Conflicting opinions of survey participants were discerned regarding the off-label uses of duloxetine, with 65.8% expressing it should not be approved for urinary incontinence, and yet they are evenly divided (50% each) in their opinion on the use of non-approved drugs in general. More than 50% of the respondents held the opinion that escitalopram should not be used off-label for social phobia, while less than 41% were aware of its use for such non-approved indication. About 60% of respondents within the quetiapine survey group thought the drug should not be used for generalized anxiety disorder, which is in concordance with the low 36%-40% who believe it should be promoted for non-approved uses. Due to the small sample size of survey participants (n =37-39), the results of this survey cannot be generalized to first-year pharmacy students in other colleges of pharmacy