European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Management of Pancreatic Trauma at Tertiary Care Centre in North India: A Single Centre Experience
Get PDFBackground: The pancreas is an infrequently injured organ in abdominal trauma, often associated with other visceral injuries. Because of its retroperitoneal location, symptoms and signs of abdominal injuries are less evident/covert. The majority of pancreatic injuries are low-grade and are treated conservatively. A key factor in the treatment of pancreatic trauma is an injury to the main pancreatic duct. We conducted this analysis to discuss current management strategies available for pancreatic trauma.Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of pancreatic trauma patients referred to the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George Medical University, tertiary care teaching hospital from December 2020 to July 2023 was done. Demographic parameters along with mode, grade of injury, type of management have been recorded and analysed. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen was done in all patients and the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification was used for grading of injury.Results: Our study included 51 patients, of whom grade III injuries accounted for 78% of all injuries, followed by grade II injuries (10%). These patients received multimodality care for their injuries, while grade I and II injuries (7 patients) received conservative treatment.Conclusion: Pancreatic trauma is uncommon and its management depends on the grade of injury. A multidisciplinary team including a medical gastroenterologist, interventional radiologist, intensivist and surgical gastroenterologist is necessary for optimal outcomes
An Assessment of the Quality of Some Portable Water Obtained within Enugu Metropolis
Get PDFProvision of clean water is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Water quality assessment as an ongoing exercise, in view of the threat of contamination from natural sources and human activities, plays a pivotal role in the sustainable management of water resources. Potable water samples were collected from Enugu Metropolis for water quality assessment. The physicochemical parameters were determined using APHA (1995 - 1998) protocols, and the presence of 7 heavy metals (Chromium, Zinc, Manganese, Silver, Cadmium, Iron and Lead) in the waters were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the physicochemical analysis of the four samples show a pH range of 8.60 - 8.95mg/l; this result showed that pH of the water samples were slightly alkaline and above the WHO stipulated range of 6.50 - 8.50. Acidity ranged from 5.00 - 6.88mg/l, while alkalinity values were between 7.52 - 13.00mg/l. The total dissolved solid (TDS) and total solids (TS) was present in very minute quantities and below their permissible limit of 0.45mg/l; while total suspended solid (TSS) was not present at all. The heavy metal analysis showed that all but 2 heavy metals (Cadmium and Lead) were below the permissible standard set by the WHO in all four samples. Cadmium was present in samples A and C with values 0.021mg/l and 0.006mg/l respectively, which is above its WHO limit of 0.005mg/l; while Lead was present in samples A, B and C with values of 0.021mg/l, 0.011mg/l and 0.015 mg/l respectively, which were above the WHO limit of 0.010mg/l. Given the well-documented toxicity of certain metals, there is a need for safety checks to be carried out in potable water companies to address the source of this contamination and ensure production of safer drinking water
Sociological Probing of Swathed Cultural Health Systems in Yonibana, Tonkolili District, Northern Sierra Leone
Get PDFIn this sociological inquiry, the researcher explored the pursuit for health and healing in Yonibana, Tonkolili District, Northern Sierra Leone, unearthing the swathed forms of medical awareness and practices. This sociological inquiry organizes to pose novel and further questions about the sociology of health and healing. Incipiently, via published work, then via dominant material and social dialogues. The inquiry negotiates the successive intents: a. To portray the intricate health structure of care in Sierra Leone. b. To portray and scrutinize the social pattern of healthcare seeking behavior in an intricate, inequality and manifold healthcare structure. c. To examine social relations of cultural authority, shame and inequity in a manifold healthcare structure. d. To scan expansive social reflections of how both women and men in Northern Sierra Leone appreciate, steer and utilize divergent shapes of healthcare structures. This inquiry depicts that women and men in this district of Sierra Leone trek an intricate tour in search of their well-being challenged by the cultural inequalities and intricacies of district health care structures. The inquiry summarises by depicting that the folks of this district, manifest agency in their health practices, and their health seeking behaviour and actions are adjusted in an effort to facilitate their wellness. Given the gendered and patriarchal context of Sierra Leonean culture, the findings of this study are perhaps surprising that birthing women reported male midwives to be more gentle, calm, and respectful than female midwives, and that nurses who work in rural health posts are perceived to be more respectful than the nurses who work at central hospitals, thus these findings may suggest more need to explore these two themes
Modulating Proteasome Function with Polyphenol Metabolites: A Promising Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer's Disease
Get PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) presents many difficulties and has few available therapies. Because of their many advantages, polyphenolic metabolites of flavan-3-ol have gained attention as possible candidates for AD treatment. This work investigates the impact of these compounds on proteasome function in neuronal cells expressing genes related to AD. It finds that these compounds have inhibitory effects on proteasomes, especially in cells that have mutations in genes related to AD. Amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, compromised autophagy, and proteasome systems, which affect protein clearance, are all components of AD pathology. Rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, polyphenols change into bioactive metabolites such as phenyl-γ-valerolactones. These metabolites alter Aβ oligomers and mitigate Aβ toxicity, potentially providing a therapeutic intervention for AD. The presented findings underscore the potential of various compounds, including C1, C2, C3, PGPH, and BrAAP, as modulators of proteasome function. The differential inhibitory effects observed on both constitutive (ChT-L) and immunoproteasome (T-L) activities signify the nuanced impact of these compounds. Notably, the selectivity of certain compounds towards either proteasome subtype suggests the possibility of targeted therapeutic strategies, particularly in the context of diseases associated with proteasome dysfunction, such as neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's Disease. This study looks at how flavan-3-ol metabolites affect proteasome function and how they might be used as AD treatment agents. Understanding their effects on proteasomes opens avenues for novel AD treatments at a molecular level
Epidemiology of the Nutritional Status of School Aged Children (2-10 years) Affected by Malaria in Bamenda
Get PDFThe objective of this study was therefore to assess the nutritional status of school aged children affected by malaria in Bamenda. This was conducted using a population of 397 for children whose parents consented. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version 23 and findings revealed that majority (52.4%) were females, 26.4% aged between 8-9years, 40.8% had occupations not specified, 64% were Christians, 70.8% were of the grass field, 65.2% earned less than 50.000frs per month and 49.9% had attained secondary education. For the BMI classification, majority (19.1%) and (11.5) for girls and boys respectively, were classified as moderately malnourished. Clinical data revealed that majority (81.1%) had pallor nails, 58.9% had scaly skin, 50.6% had week extremities, 40.8% had pale eyes, 40.1% had pale and dry eyes, 51.4% had temperature >37.5 while a few (24.7%) had brittle hair and mouth sore (29.7%). Majority (70.5%) consumed cereals, 12.6% ate legumes, 5.5% ate meat/fish/eggs, 4.5% ate milk/dairy, 3.8% ate vegetables and 3% ate fruits. Majority (60.7%) did not sleep under mosquito net, 58.4% accepted there is stagnant water and bushes around their house, 65.7% had monthly incomes <50.000frs, 59.2% did not eat green leafy vegetables, bananas, apples, meat, beans, chicken, 75.8% did not eat okro, meat, poultry, guavas, mushroom, pumk in seeds, pork, beans, yoghurt. The study concluded that moderate malnutrition and little consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruits, meat/fish/egg, milk/dairy products were nutritional problems on the nutritional status of school aged children affected by malaria in Bamenda
Chemotherapeutic Potential of AgNP Orchestrated Semecarpus anacardium Nut Extracts Against Ovarian Cancer Cell Line, PA-1
Get PDFSeveral plants have been studied to find their efficacy and anti-cancer activity in various cancers by synthesizing organic metal nanoparticles. However, usage of Semecarpus anacardium (SA) and production of green synthesized nanoparticles have not been exposed. In our study we have focused on synthesizing silver nanoparticles using the nut extracts from SA. Characterization studies including UV-Visible spectrophotometry have confirmed the silver nanoparticle formation at 412 nm using 0.1 mM and 427 nm using 0.2 mM AgNPs. Particle size was recorded at 1.4 nm confirming their effectivity and zeta potential studies confirmed the respective charge of -38.6 mV of the particle. Anti-microbial activity was shown against gram negative bacteria. MTT assay studies confirmed the anti-cancer activity against ovarian cancer cell line, PA-1. These results depict the excellent cytotoxic effect on the PA-1 ovarian cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 250 μg/ml. Flow cytometry studies confirmed that SA methanolic nut extracts inhibited cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Taken together, we are confirming that SA methanolic extracts have anti-cancer properties against ovarian cancer cell line, PA-1
Role of Some Nanoparticles in Certain Cardiovascular System Diseases. A Review
Get PDFThis paper gives a general overview of the many cardiovascular disorders and the therapy options that use certain nanoparticles. In order to provide tailored drug delivery to cardiovascular tissues and their biomarkers for treatment, it highlights and analyzes pertinent initiatives and advancements. The purpose of this review is to clarify the crucial and significant role that medication carriers based on nanoparticles play in the heart. This paper gives a general overview of the many cardiovascular disorders and the possible treatment options that make use of certain nanoparticles (silver, platinum, cadmium, and gold). In order to deliver tailored medications to cardiovascular tissues and associated biomarkers, it emphasizes and analyzes the pertinent efforts and advancements that have been made. We conclude that because of the qualities of nanoparticles and Nano carriers, like better target specificity and sensitivity, as well as passive and active targeting to heart tissue, the discipline of cardiology has been very interested in using them. Reportedly, nanotechnology can be used to efficiently treat a wide range of cardiovascular diseases
Portal Embolization: Algerian Experience
Get PDFPortal embolization is an interventional radiology technique aimed at occluding the right portal branches to induce hypertrophy of the remaining liver. In this article, we will discuss the experience of the radiology department at Bab el Oued University Hospital
Evaluation of Covid-19 Impact on Maternal and Neonatal Health Services Continuity at the Cite-Verte Health District in Yaounde, Cameroon
Get PDFPurpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the 2020 Covid-19 outbreak in Cameroon on the continuity of Maternal and Neonatal Health Services (MNHS) at the Cite-Verte Health District.Problem: The advent of this pandemic has threatened the progress made so far in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality meanwhile the continued provision of MNHS is a predominant solution to support and improve the health of women and girls [1,2].Methods: A mixed study was carried out with 11 MNHS users and 4 health facilities in the Cite-verte health district. The indicators of MNHS continuity were listed using a questionnaire, a Dhis2 data collection form and a semi-structured interview guide. Data were subject to SPSS analysis based on the comparison of MNHS continuity and manual content analysis.Results: Context-Based Theory guided the discussion of our results which showed an indirect impact of the pandemic on MNHS continuity, characterized by a drop in number of MNHS health personnel with a high turnover rate of 79% and a staff attack rate estimated at 8%. We also found MNHS disruptions due to stock shortage in 100% of health facilities surveyed, a statistically significant decrease of 9% (Diff = 0.09; P-value = 0.000; 95%; CI = [0.075; 0.104]) and 17% (Diff = 0.17; P-value = 0.000; 95%; CI = [0.076; 0.264]), respectively for the indicators of family planning and neonatal deaths, a decrease of 22% on first ANC attendance, a drop of 28% on skilled birth attendance, and finally, an increase of 65% on maternal mortality. Nevertheless, MNHS user needs were met as they managed to overcome the feeling of fear, stress and depression caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in hospital settings.Conclusion: To mitigate the impact of Covid-19 on MNHS continuity, health managers must be ready to recruit more personnel, provide more supplies, and emphasize on community involvement during the outbreak
Middle-Level Leadership Style and the Effects of Stress among Nurses in Primary Health Care, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Get PDFIntroduction: Nursing is an important profession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with nurses comprising more than 80% of the individuals providing health care services, which will increase by 2030. Therefore, developing and maintaining effective nursing leadership is critical to achieving organizational goals and maintaining quality of care despite the challenging healthcare environment. Methods: The data were collected through the distribution of two tools, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, as a tool to evaluate stress, and the Leadership Style Questionnaire, among 204 nurse workforce members and 57 middle-level nurse managers who belong to Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study used a cross-sectional survey design and descriptive correlation analysis. Results: The study indicated associations of age, nationality, and years of working experience as demographic characteristics with the level of stress experienced by the participants. No association was found between demographic characteristics and depression. Moreover, the study illustrated that middle-level leaders show different leadership styles. The findings also indicated an association between years of working experience and a democratic leadership style. In conclusion, no single leadership style is appropriate for every leader in every situation. Demographic characteristics such as age, nationality, and years of working experience showed associations with the level of stress experienced by the nurse workforce. However, they had no association with depression. Conclusion and Recommendation: Investigating the key reasons for the development of stress and depression in nursing staff is crucial. Accordingly, nurses must have opportunities to voice their complaints and ideas about improving the work environment. Educating nurse managers and head nurses about the different styles of leadership; and, how they should select suitable managerial aspects to fit the situation is also important. Further investigations are indicated to explore what triggers stress and depression among the nursing workforce