European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Phytochemical Profiling of Medicinal Plants Used in Diabetes Management
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a lasting disbolism that increases with global prevalence and substantial public health implications. Plant-based remedies provide a hopeful and sustainable approach to its management, especially in regions where ethnomedicinal practices are central to healthcare. This study analysed the phytochemical composition of five plants used in traditional medicine for treating diabetes: Gongronema latifolium, Mangifera indica, Vernonia amygdalina, Psidium guajava, and Carica papaya. Qualitative and chromatographic techniques identified key bioactive compounds. These includes alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, organic acids, and glucosides. Marked differences in phytochemical profiles were observed among the species. M. indica showed the highest alkaloid levels (51.181 g/100g), aligning with its known hypoglycemic activity, while G. latifolium and P. guajava contained elevated flavonoids of 30.117 g/100g and 31.728 g/100g respectively, that support antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing effects. V. amygdalina was notable for its rich phenolic (53.304g/100g) and glucoside content (37.203 g/100g), potentially explaining its frequent ethnomedicinal application. Organic acids predominated in G. latifolium and P. guajava at 37.832 g/100g and 34.716 g/100g, respectively. Results confirm the biochemical diversity of the studied plants and scientifically support the frequent use of V. amygdalina in glycaemic regulation. Overall, the findings indicate that these species harbour bioactive compounds that may influence major biological pathways in diabetes pathophysiology, including enzyme inhibition, oxidative stress attenuation, and insulin modulation, reinforcing the need for integrating phytochemical profiling with modern pharmacological research
Psychological and Physiological Effects of Hair Coloring
No full textThis paper explores the psychological and physiological impact of hair coloring as a form of personal expression, emotional therapy, and identity transformation. Through decades of practical experience in hair artistry and color theory, the study demonstrates how coloring hair can influence self- perception, emotional stability, and even biological responses associated with mood regulation. The research highlights the intersection of art, psychology, and health—revealing that beauty practices, often considered superficial, carry deep emotional and physiological significance
A Rare Case of Quadruple Nuchal Cord Strangulation Resulting in Intrauterine Fetal Demise: A Case Report
No full textBackground: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) remains a significant obstetric complication. While most cases are multifactorial, umbilical cord accidents— including nuchal cords—are silent contributors and often evade prenatal diagnosis. We report a case of an unbooked 32-year-old primigravida who presented at 39 weeks and 4 days of gestation age with an ultrasound report of intrauterine fetal death. The general examination revealed a height of 1.46m and a weight of 62kg. Other parameters were within normal limits. An abdominal examination revealed a singleton fetus in oblique cephalic lie, and symphysio-fundal height of 37cm. There was no palpable contraction, and fetal heart activity was not heard using Pinnard’s stethoscope and by performing bedside ultrasound., A clinical pelvimetry was done and adjudged as a contracted pelvis. The couple was counseled on a caesarean section due to the contracted pelvis and oblique lie, which they consented to. Intraoperatively, a tight quadruple-loop of nuchal cord was found, with visible strangulation signs and no other fetal anomalies. The fresh stillborn female infant weighed 2.6 kg. The mother recovered smoothly, and the post- operative period was uneventful. The couple was provided with bereavement counseling. Conclusion: This case highlights the unpredictable and catastrophic potential of nuchal cords and emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion and perinatal surveillance in late-term pregnancies
Prevalence, Patterns and Determinants of Gender- Based Violence among People Living with HIV and Key Populations in Abuja, Nigeria
No full textGender-based violence (GBV) is also one of the greatest human rights and public health issues among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and key populations (KP), especially in the setting of stigma, criminalization, and social inequalities. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of GBV among PLHIV and KP in Abuja, Nigeria. The study was conducted as a descriptive and analytical version of a cross-sectional survey in 9 facilities and 13 hotspots across the different LGAs of the FCT (in total, 384 respondents (257 VPLHIV and 127 KP) chosen by the use of multistage and convenience sampling. Structured questionnaires administered by interviewers were used to collect the data, which were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The results showed that 41.7% of the respondents were victims of GBV, and the prevalence of GBV was even higher among KP (52.0%) than it was among PLHIV (36.6%). The prevalence rates of emotional and psychological violence (39.3) were the highest, followed by physical violence (25.5) and sexual violence (15.4). Fear of ruining the family image, financial reliance, stigma, and fear of exposing personal identity or HIV status, and perception of health facilities were the major barriers to disclosure, with KP presenting significant decreasing comfort and less awareness of GBV services and lesser use of the support systems, respectively. It is concluded that the prevalence of GBV in this group of people is pervasive, multifaceted, and aggravated by structural weaknesses. It suggests the incorporation of trauma-informed GBV screening in the HIV programmes, expanding providers to services that are KP-friendly, enhancing legal and policy interventions, enhancing provider competencies, and responding to structural determinants of GBV via multi- sectoral programmes.
 
Renal Outcome at 3 Months after Acute Kidney Injury following Acute Poisoning and Envenomation
No full textBackground: Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to toxic exposures remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh, yet local data on its clinical spectrum, outcomes, and predictors are limited. The current study was conducted to describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, patterns of toxic exposure, outcomes, and laboratory parameters of AKI following poisoning and envenomation. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 51 patients with toxin-induced AKI admitted to a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Data on demographics, clinical features, type of exposure, laboratory parameters, renal outcomes, and mortality were collected. Baseline and peak creatinine, complete blood counts, serum urea, electrolytes, liver function tests, and coagulation parameters were analyzed. Outcomes were categorized as complete renal recovery, progression to CKD, and death. Statistical analyses included Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and independent sample t-tests for continuous variables; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Findings: Among 51 patients, 40 (78.4%) had poisoning and 11 (21.6%) had envenomation-related AKI. Paraquat (40%) and organophosphate compounds (15%) were the leading poisons, while wasp sting, unknown snake bite, and Russell’s viper accounted for 27.3% each among envenomation. In addition, envenomation-related AKI was associated with more local tissue injury, hematuria and bleeding manifestations. Paraquat poisoning was the most lethal exposure (71% mortality). However, overall mortality was 35.3%, primarily due to respiratory failure (33.3%), followed by multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (22.2%). Mortality was higher among patients with delayed hospital presentation (62.9 ± 31.1 vs 41.3 ± 15.3 hours; p = 0.001), higher baseline (6.19 ± 2.37 mg/dL; p = 0.001) and peak creatinine (10.06 ± 2.43 mg/dL; p = 0.045), elevated serum urea and deranged hematological and liver parameters. Strong statistical association was observed between hypotension and poor outcomes (p=0.001). New-onset CKD occurred in 13.7%; while 47.1% achieved complete renal recovery. Conclusion: Toxin-induced AKI in Bangladesh carries high morbidity and mortality, with paraquat poisoning and Russell’s viper envenomation being particularly lethal. High baseline and peak creatinine, delayed hospital arrival, and paraquat exposure are key predictors of poor outcome. Early recognition, intensive supportive care, and public health interventions targeting toxic exposures are crucial in terms of improving outcomes
Multilevel Determinants of Adverse Maternal–Fetal Outcomes in Resource-Constrained Settings: An Integrated Obstetric and Health Systems Analysis from Nigeria
No full textIn Nigeria, adverse maternal foetal outcomes continue to be disproportionately high despite extended coverage of antenatal and delivery services, which suggests a systemic, persistent gap in clinical and contextual failures and health outcomes. This paper examines the multilevel factors underlying unfavourable maternal-foetal outcomes in Nigeria through an integrated obstetric and health systems approach. The research analysis was based on nationally representative data from 6,842 women aged 15-49 years who were pregnant at the time of the recent outcomes. The effects of individuals, communities, and the health system were assessed using multilevel logistic regression models, supported by interaction, mediation, stratified, and predicted probability analyses. Findings: The poor maternal- foetal outcomes were 31.7/100 behind expectations, with even rural pregnant women (36.5/24.1) and those who had less than four antenatal care (ANC) visits (38.8/21.9). In fully adjusted models, the strongest predictors were inadequate ANC (aOR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.59-2.09) and non- facility delivery (aOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.67-2.25). Clustering at the community level also accounted for 18.6% of the outcome variance, which was reduced to 9.4% with adjustment. The impact of poor ANC was higher among rural residents (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05-1.54), whereas it was greater in northern Nigeria (aOR = 2.09). Of the protective influence of maternal education, 33.6% was mediated by ANC. Projected probabilities indicated a risk of 49.3% among rural women who received insufficient care, compared with 19.2% among well-served urban women. Adversarial maternal-foetal outcome in Nigeria is system-mediated and context-dependent and necessitates equity- centred health system strengthening that enhances access, and thus quality and continuity of maternal care. 
A Study to Access the Impact of Video-Assisted Teaching an Antenatal Mother’s Attitude and Knowledge Regarding Breast Feeding Techniques in a Selected Area in Soladevanahalli, Bangalore
No full textThis study was conducted among pregnant women living in Bangalore who were visiting Abbigere Primary Health Centre (PHC) for regular checkups. A total of 40 women were selected using convenience sampling, meaning participants were chosen based on who was available and willing to take part. The main part of the study involved showing a short, easy-to- understand video about breastfeeding. The video explained the benefits of breastfeeding, how to do it properly, and how to deal with common problems. To measure how much the women learned, they were given a questionnaire before and after watching the video. The questionnaire had two sections: one asked about personal details like age and education, and the other tested their knowledge about breastfeeding. The collected data was analyzed using both basic and advanced statistics, including a Chi-square test to see if personal factors like age or education were linked to how much the women knew about breastfeeding. The findings of the study show that the mean pre-test knowledge score was 31.10±2.07 with a mean percentage of 47.84%, whereas the mean post-test knowledge score increased to 50.15 ±1.87 with a mean percentage of 69.3%. The mean difference between pre-test and post-test scores was 19.05, indicating a considerable gain in knowledge after the video-assisted teaching program
A Quasi-Experimental Study Investigating the Relationship between Academic Motivation and Academic Performance among Nursing Students in Assam, India
No full textBackground: Academic motivation is characterized by behaviors such as a strong commitment to homework, a preference for challenging tasks, and a drive for mastery. This motivation fosters deep learning and critical thinking, which in turn enhances overall academic performance. Aim: The study aimed to determine the relationship between academic motivation and academic performance among nursing students. Methodology: A quasi- experimental study involving 100 nursing students investigated the outcome of an intervention on their academic motivation, measured using the Academic Motivation Scale, and their academic performance, as reflected in their grades, test scores, attendance, and standardized exam results obtained from institutional records. Results: The study found no significant baseline differences in academic motivation or performance between the groups (P > 0.05). However, following the intervention, the groups differed significantly on these measures (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Motivated and successful academic performance requires that educational decision-makers develop students' self-efficacy and motivation
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Program on Drug Addiction among Students
No full textDrug addiction among adolescents is growing public health concern, with profound implications for individual well-being and societal stability. This research aims to explore theprevalence, risk factors and consequences of substance abuse in adolescents, as well as effective preventive strategies. Adolescence is a critical period marked by heightened vulnerability to risky behaviors, including drug experimentation, due to biological,psychological, and social influences. The risk factors identified include peer pressure, family dynamics, socio-economic status, mental health issues, and the easy accessibility of drugs in certain environments. The consequences of adolescent drug addiction extend beyond immediate health risks such as overdose and cognitive impairment; they also include long-term effects such as academic failure, criminal activity, mental health disorders, and strained relationships. This study reviews the various impacts of drug addiction on adolescents' development and future opportunities. Additionally, the research evaluates preventive interventions, including school-based programs, community initiatives, and family-centered approaches. Special focus is given to structured teaching interventions designed to equip adolescents with the knowledge and skills to resist drug use.Evidence-based strategies, such as life skills training, behavioral therapy, and early intervention are analyzed for their effectiveness in reducing the prevalence of drug abuse among this vulnerable group. The findings underscore the need for coordinated efforts between educators, healthcare providers, and policymakers to prevent adolescent addiction and promote healthier, drug- free futures
A Descriptive Study to Access the ACLS-Related Drug Knowledge among 4th Semester B.Sc. Nursing Students at Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing, Bangalore
No full textHomesickness is a common psychological challenge among students transitioning to hostel life, with potential consequences on emotional well- being and academic engagement. First-year General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) students are particularly vulnerable due to simultaneous adjustment to academic and clinical demands. This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, contributing factors, and coping strategies of homesickness among first-year GNM students in selected nursing colleges of Bangalore. Findings revealed that 55% of respondents were aged 18–25, with 58.3% reporting frequent loneliness, 50% missing family and friends, 58.4% experiencing difficulty adjusting to the new environment, and 40% feeling disconnected from family support. Coping strategies included regular communication with family and friends (96.7%) and seeking counseling support (61.7%), while fewer relied on social events (30%) or hobbies (15%). Academic impact was reflected in 68.3% experiencing poor concentration, 65% feeling overwhelmed, and 56.7% missing classes. The study highlights the need for institutional counseling and peer-support initiatives