European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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A Pilot Study on an Enhanced Deep Learning Framework for Automated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis
No full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that poses considerable diagnostic difficulties owing to its diverse symptoms and similarities with other neurological disorders. A prompt and accurate diagnosis is necessary to enable prompt interventions and improve patient outcomes. Conventional diagnostic methods depend significantly on clinical assessment and manual analysis of MRI and other neuroimaging techniques, which are time-consuming and susceptible to interobserver variability. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) have shown promise for automating neuroimaging data analysis; however, standalone models often lack robustness when applied across varying datasets and modalities. To address these limitations, we propose an enhanced AI-driven deep learning framework for automated ALS diagnosis using multi-modal imaging data, such as structural MRI, DTI, and fMRI. The framework uses an ensemble design that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Transformer-based vision models to take advantage of the complimentary characteristics of each modality. A fusion mechanism based on adaptive weighting is used to combine outputs from individual networks, improving diagnostic reliability and performance. Preprocessing steps such as intensity normalization, motion correction, and modality-specific augmentation are applied to ensure consistency across modalities. Experimental results on a curated multi-modal ALS imaging dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed ensemble model, achieving a classification accuracy of 97.8%, along with enhanced sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional CNN approaches. This robust framework holds promise for assisting clinicians in the early detection of ALS, ultimately contributing to more effective patient management and personalized treatment planning
Age-Related Variations in Magnesium and Thyroid Hormones among Women with Hypothyroidism in Basrah
No full textBackground: Recent studies indicate that thyroid function disorders, particularly hypothyroidism, are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to disturbances in mineral metabolism. This is due to their direct influence on various processes in which magnesium plays a critical role, affecting crucial metabolic pathways that are regulated by thyroid hormones, either directly or indirectly. Aim of Study: aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of thyroid hormones and magnesium in patients with hypothyroidism in different age groups and to examine the correspondence between FT4, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), with magnesium in hypothyroidism. Methodology: In this study, 194 clinically diagnosed hypothyroid female were included as cases and 119 clinically healthy female enrolled in the control group in age group between 18 and 71 years. Thyroid hormones were measured by Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay technique and Magnesium, measured on full automated chemistry analyzer. Results: Our study demonstrated low level of FT4 level and increased level of TSH in cases suggesting clinical hypothyroidism. In this study patients increased total magnesium levels as compared to healthy control. Although hypothyroidism appeared more frequent in older age groups, statistical analysis showed no significant association between age and hypothyroidism in women. Conclusion: Although TSH and FT4 confirmed thyroid dysfunction, the unexpected rise in magnesium suggests an altered mineral–thyroid interaction that may contribute to the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism
Evaluating the Impact of Clinical Nursing Leadership Program on Professional Competence and Leadership Skills
No full textThis study evaluates the impact of the clinical nursing leadership program on
leadership capacity and professional skills using a registered nurse survey of 30 respondents among those who completed the Clinical Nursing Leadership Program at tertiary care hospital. Operating under a Google Form with multiple choice questions, checkboxes, and open-ended statements, the study examined leadership confidence, skills, preference of development, issues, and career goals. Results reveal high confidence (86.7% Very or Extremely confident) and strength (90%) when communicating, team- managing, and resolving problems but a gap (40%) where strategic skills such as vision and objective-setting are concerned. High marks (93.3% Good or Excellent) are given the program, yet systematic limitations prevail, especially a high workload (69%), slowing its impact. Nurses' career goals remain mid- and senior-level positions with a strong sense of the need for mentorship. It is recommended that structured mentorship and management of workload occur with strategic training. These findings reveal that the program significantly enhances leadership skills but special interventions are needed to overcome limitations and enhance career development and patient care and organizational outcomes [1]
Beyond Symptom Relief: A Review of Low-FODMAP Diet Implementation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
No full textAs a frequently diagnosed disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has a profound negative impact on patients' quality of life. The Low-FODMAP regimen is increasingly acknowledged as a targeted dietary method for alleviating related symptoms. However, the broader implications of its implementation beyond symptom management require comprehensive evaluation. The objective of this paper is to investigate various perspectives surrounding the use of the Low-FODMAP diet in managing IBS by reviewing existing academic literature. This qualitative analysis is based on peer-reviewed sources published within the 2015–2025 timeframe. Data were collected from four major academic databases through systematic screening based on predefined inclusion criteria. Selected studies included randomised controlled trials, narrative reviews, and clinical guidelines relevant to Low-FODMAP diet implementation. Data analysis employed thematic synthesis to identify key patterns and gaps within the literature. The review synthesised findings from 80 articles, revealing consistent evidence of symptom reduction in the short term, particularly for abdominal bloating and overall IBS severity. Nonetheless, challenges in long-term adherence, nutritional adequacy, and psychosocial impacts were prominent. Limited practitioner training and healthcare system barriers further complicated effective diet implementation. The importance of dietitian support and multidisciplinary care emerged as critical for sustainable patient outcomes. While adherence to the Low-FODMAP dietary approach significantly improves symptom control in IBS patients, its broader implementation demands integrated approaches addressing nutritional, psychological, and systemic factors. Future research should emphasise longitudinal studies, culturally tailored interventions, and strategies to enhance adherence
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacovigilance among Healthcare Workers in Primary Health Centres in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
No full textPharmacovigilance (PV) plays a critical role in identifying, preventing, and treating adverse drug reactions (ADRs), more so in primary healthcare centres (PHCs) that provide primary care. Although it is essential, ADR reporting in Nigeria is low due to structural and behavioural limitations. This was done by evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practise of pharmacovigilance among professionals working in PHCs in Nasarawa State. The objective was to assess PV competence, identify gaps, and establish the key factors that significantly impact ADR reporting performance. The cross- sectional descriptive design included 39 PHCs and 254 healthcare workers. A WHO-adapted questionnaire, facility audit checklist and key informant interview were used to gather data. Descriptive statistics, Wilson confidence intervals, and inferential tests were also used in quantitative analysis and qualitative themes were other themes triangulated with survey results. Findings revealed a high degree of PV awareness (97.6%), positive attitudes (over 88% agreeing with the importance of PV) as well as low percentages of ever had an ADR despite 62.2% of them having identified one. The conditional reporting rate was high at 78.5, which suggested that there was a great willingness to report enabled. Inadequate forms of ADR, guidelines, focal persons and training were among the major impediments. Structural deficits explained about 57.6 system weakness. The authors conclude that ADR underreporting is caused rather by systemic than knowledge and motivation gaps. It suggests enhancing of PV infrastructure, routinely training, establishment of focal persons, availability of reporting tools, and implementation of digital reporting systems which improves ADR surveillance in PHCs
Evidence-Based Interventions for Sepsis Management in Critically Ill Adults: A Systematic Review
No full textIntroduction: Sepsis is a dysregulated inflammatory response to infection that can rapidly progress to organ dysfunction and death. It remains one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. Despite clinical advances, diagnosis continues to be challenging due to its non- specific clinical manifestations. This review summarises key concepts related to the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of sepsis, based on the most recent evidence. Objective: This study aims to identify specific interventions that have demonstrated clinical benefits in adult patients with sepsis managed in intensive care units. Material and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the PICO framework. The search terms included “Critically ill,” “Sepsis,” and “Improved patient outcomes.” Seven articles published between 2020 and 2024 were selected for analysis. Results and discussion: Sepsis remains a major global health challenge that requires early diagnosis and evidence-based interventions. Continuous training of healthcare professionals is essential for the effective recognition and management of this condition. The implementation of standardised protocols and guideline-based clinical practices strengthens the therapeutic response. Therefore, investment in education, infrastructure, and knowledge dissemination is crucial to reducing sepsis-related mortality. Conclusions: Although the reviewed studies adopted diverse methodologies, they consistently highlight the importance of a rapid, well-informed, and adaptable clinical response to sepsis. Personalised treatment strategies, ongoing professional training, and the adaptation of clinical practices to local contexts are pivotal to improving outcomes in critically ill patients. This review underscores that, rather than adhering to a one-size-fits-all model, an integrated and context-sensitive approach—grounded in the best available evidence—is essential for effective sepsis management
The Prognostic Value of Single Progesterone Measurement in Early Pregnancy and Its Relation to the Pregnancy Outcome
No full textBackground: Early prediction of pregnancy viability is crucial for guiding clinical decisions and optimizing maternal care. Serum progesterone is a well-established marker of early gestational well-being, with lower levels often associated with non-viable pregnancies. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serum progesterone measurement in early pregnancy as a predictor of pregnancy outcome. Methods: A total of 180 pregnant women presenting in early pregnancy at Basrah Maternity and Child Hospital were enrolled between October 2003 and September 2004. Serum progesterone levels were measured at the time of initial presentation. Participants were followed monthly until completion of 28 weeks of gestation. Due to loss of follow-up for 28 women, 152 pregnancies were included in the final analysis. Pregnancy outcomes were categorized as continuing pregnancy, miscarriage, or ectopic pregnancy. Mean serum progesterone levels were compared across outcome groups, and a diagnostic cut-off value was determined. Results: Of the 152 women analyzed, 101 (66.4%) had a continuing pregnancy, 44 (28.9%) experienced miscarriage, and 7 (4.6%) were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy. Mean serum progesterone levels differed markedly across groups: 23.8 ± 8.17 ng/mL in continuing pregnancies, 9.33 ± 2.65 ng/mL in miscarriages, and 2.63 ± 0.74 ng/mL in ectopic pregnancies. The differences were highly significant (P < 0.0001). A progesterone cut-off value of 10 ng/mL effectively differentiated viable from non-viable pregnancies. Conclusion: Serum progesterone measurement in early pregnancy is a valuable, reliable predictor of pregnancy viability. A threshold of 10 ng/mL provides strong discriminative ability between viable and non-viable gestations
A Research Study Focusing on Electronic Device Utilization in Addition to Its Impact on Health and Wellness in Order to Produce a Learning Brochure to the Schools Kids in Chosen School at Bengaluru
No full textIntroduction. A research study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of electronic devices and their impact on the health and wellness of schoolchildren, with the objective of developing an educational brochure for students. Methodology. The study was carried out at a selected school in Bengaluru using a descriptive research design. A total of 60 students from grades 8 and 9 were selected through a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire focusing on patterns of electronic device usage and related health effects. Results. The results indicated that the majority of students (95%) had a moderate level of knowledge, while only 3.3% showed adequate knowledge and 1.7% had poor awareness. The mean knowledge score was 56.66%, and statistical analysis revealed a significant association between students' knowledge and demographic variables (p<0.05). Conclusion. The study concludes that awareness among schoolchildren is limited, and recommends the implementation of structured educational programs and the distribution of informative brochures in schools
Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Domestic Waste Management in a Rural Community of Bengaluru, India
No full textBackground: Domestic waste management is a crucial environmental and public health issue, especially in rural areas of developing nations where inadequate infrastructure and limited awareness persist. Improper waste handling contributes to soil, air, and water pollution, fostering conditions conducive to disease transmission. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding domestic waste management among residents of a rural community near Bengaluru and to determine the association between knowledge levels and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional design was employed among 50 adult residents of Thirumalapura village, Bengaluru. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising 30 items assessing knowledge and awareness, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Reliability of the tool was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.837. Results: Findings revealed that 80% of respondents had inadequate knowledge, 18% had moderate knowledge, and only 2% demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding domestic waste management. The mean knowledge score was 10.30 ± 4.76 (34.33%), indicating low awareness levels. Significant associations were found between marital status (p = 0.005) and housing condition (p = 0.046) with knowledge scores, whereas age, gender, education, and family type showed no significant relationships. Conclusion: The study concludes that awareness of domestic waste management among rural residents remains inadequate. There is an urgent need for community-based educational interventions, nursing-led awareness programs, and improved rural waste infrastructure to promote sustainable waste management and protect public health
The Effectiveness of Ginger Tea in Reducing Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea) among Adolescent Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textDysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is a prevalent condition that
disrupts the daily lives of many young women, particularly students balancing academic demands with health challenges. Conventional treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective but often associated with side effects, prompting interest in safe, natural alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ginger tea as a non-pharmacological intervention for dysmenorrhea among nursing students. A quasi-experimental design was adopted with fifty participants who reported moderate to severe menstrual pain. Ginger tea was freshly prepared and administered in standardized doses (120 mL twice daily) during the first two days of menstruation. Pain intensity and quality were assessed before and after intervention using a standardized pain assessment scale. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in pain severity, cramping, radiating discomfort, and associated symptoms following ginger tea consumption. In addition to physical relief, participants reported enhanced relaxation, improved mood, and greater ability to continue daily academic and social activities. These outcomes highlight both physiological and psychosocial benefits of ginger tea. The study concludes that ginger tea is an effective, affordable, and accessible remedy for dysmenorrhea. Its minimal risk of side effects makes it a promising alternative to pharmacological options. Promoting awareness and integration of such complementary therapies can empower young women to manage menstrual discomfort naturally, reduce absenteeism, and enhance overall well-being