European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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An Exploratory Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Coronary Artery Diseases among Adolescents in Selected Colleges at Bangalore
No full textCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, increasingly affecting younger populations due to lifestyle changes such as unhealthy diet, sedentary behaviour, and stress. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a video-assisted teaching programme (VATP) on knowledge and practices related to CAD among adolescents in selected colleges at Bangalore. A quasi-experimental one- group pre-test post-test design was adopted, and data were collected from 60 participants using a structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist. Findings revealed that before the intervention, a considerable proportion of adolescents demonstrated inadequate knowledge and poor preventive practices regarding CAD. After the VATP, there was a marked improvement, with the majority of participants achieving higher knowledge scores and reporting healthier lifestyle practices. The mean knowledge score increased significantly from pre-test to post-test, and the difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001). No significant association was found between knowledge levels and demographic variables, suggesting that the intervention was effective across groups. The results highlight the potential of video-assisted teaching as an engaging and impactful method of health education for adolescents, capable of bridging knowledge gaps and promoting preventive behaviors. This approach can be scaled up through community and institutional programs to reduce CAD risk among young populations and contribute to long-term public health improvement
A Study to Access the Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Management of Diabetic Foot among Second Semester B.S.C. Nursing in Selected College
No full textDiabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, often resulting in ulcers, infections, and amputations. Adequate knowledge among nursing students is vital for prevention and effective management, as they play a pivotal role in patient care. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of diabetic foot among 4th year B.Sc. Nursing students in a selected college and to explore associations with socio- demographic variables. A descriptive research design with a quantitative approach was adopted. Sixty 4th year B.Sc. Nursing students were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic details and 30 knowledge-based questions. Findings revealed that 58.33% of students had average knowledge, 35% had poor knowledge, and only 6.67% demonstrated good knowledge. The mean score was 12.01 out of 30 (40.03%), reflecting a moderate overall understanding. Chi-square analysis identified a significant association between knowledge level and religion, while age, family type, locality, and previous sources of information showed no significant relationship. The results highlight a considerable knowledge gap among nursing students regarding diabetic foot care. Strengthening the nursing curriculum with targeted modules, case-based learning, and clinical exposure is recommended to improve awareness and competence. Addressing these gaps is crucial for preparing future nurses to contribute effectively to diabetic foot prevention and management, thereby reducing complications and improving patient outcomes
To Access the Knowledge on Benefits of Telehealth among 3d Semester B.Sc Nursing Students
No full textBackground & objectives: Telehealth has become a critical component of modern healthcare delivery, especially in nursing practice. However, gaps in knowledge among nursing students can hinder its effective use. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured telehealth education program on knowledge and practice among nursing students. Methods: A pre-experimental, one-group pre-test/post-test design was adopted. Sixty B.Sc Nursing students were selected through purposive sampling. Baseline knowledge and practice were assessed using a validated questionnaire. A structured teaching program on telehealth was administered, and post-test assessment was conducted after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and chi-square tests. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing. Results: Mean knowledge scores increased significantly from pre-test to post-test (p<0.001). Adequate knowledge improved markedly, and no significant associations were found between demographic variables and knowledge gains. Students reported greater confidence in applying telehealth in clinical scenarios. Interpretation & conclusions: Structured telehealth education significantly improved knowledge and practice among nursing students. Integration of telehealth modules into nursing curricula is recommended to enhance healthcare delivery
A Study to Access the Anxiety Levels of the Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Selected Hospitals Bengaluru with a View to Develop an Information Booklet
No full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used diagnostic procedure
that, while safe and effective, often induces anxiety in patients due to its enclosed environment, loud noises, and unfamiliarity. This study was undertaken to assess the anxiety levels of patients undergoing MRI at selected hospitals in Bengaluru, with the aim of developing an information booklet to support anxiety reduction. A descriptive non-experimental design was adopted, and 50 patients were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule and an anxiety rating scale. Results revealed that the majority of patients (58%) experienced moderate anxiety, followed by 30% with mild anxiety, and 12% with severe anxiety. The overall mean anxiety score was 31.46 (41.94%), indicating a moderate level of anxiety among participants. Statistical analysis showed that previous experience with MRI and the source of information about the procedure were significantly associated with anxiety levels, while demographic factors such as age, gender, education, and occupation had no significant association. The findings emphasize the importance of pre- procedure education, reassurance, and coping strategies to help patients manage anxiety. Based on the results, an information booklet was developed to enhance patient preparedness and cooperation during MRI procedures. The study concludes that structured education and supportive nursing interventions play a crucial role in alleviating MRI-related anxiety, ultimately improving diagnostic outcomes and patient well-being
Assess the Impact of Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) on Clinical Skills Development among Second Year B.Sc. Students at Selected Nursing College, Bangaluru
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the impact of simulation-based learning
(SBL) on clinical skills development among second-year B.Sc. Nursing students. Simulation has increasingly been recognized as an effective educational tool that bridges the gap between theoretical classroom learning and practical application in clinical settings. In this study, the focus was on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a critical life-saving skill for nurses. A quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental one- group pretest–post-test design was adopted. The sample consisted of 60 nursing students, purposively selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings revealed that before the intervention, 28.3% of the students demonstrated inadequate knowledge, 41.7% had moderately adequate knowledge, and only 30% showed adequate knowledge of CPR. After the simulation-based teaching, 91.7% of students achieved adequate knowledge, while no students remained in the inadequate category. The mean knowledge score increased from 15.91 (SD = 6.41) in the pretest to 22.58 (SD = 1.51) in the post-test. The paired t-test analysis indicated a statistically significant improvement (t = -8.862, p&lt; 0.001), clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of SBL. Overall, the study confirmed that simulation-based learning provides a safe, interactive, and controlled environment where students can practice, make mistakes, and learn without risking patient safety. The intervention enhanced not only knowledge but also practical competence and confidence, which are essential for future professional practice
Parental Counseling, Knowledge, Practice, Prevalence, and Determinants of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Students Attending Selected Tertiary Institutions in Kanifing, The Gambia
Full text linkSexual risk behaviors (SRBs) are common practices worldwide and they are the major determinants for contracting sexually transmitted diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), unintended pregnancy, abortion, academic interruption, psychological trauma, social stigma, and death among young adults and students. The aim of this research was to study parental counseling, knowledge, practice, prevalence, and determinants of SRBs among students in selected tertiary institutions in Kanifing, The Gambia. This quantitative study supplemented with qualitative assessment was conducted in four purposely selected tertiary institutions in Kanifing, The Gambia. 272 students (14 were randomly selected), aged between 18 and 25 participated and anonymously responded to pre-test self-administered questionnaires. Bivariate analysis was used to describe the dependent and the independent variables, while multivariate analysis was used to determine the correlation between the dependent and the independent variables using Chi-square and Fisher exact statistics. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The mean age of the students was 21.8±2.4 years, 72.8% were females, 52.9% have once been counseled on sex-related matters by their parents, 30.1% have never had sex at mean debut age of 18 years, and 16.9% have multiple sexual partners. There was no statistically significant association between parental counseling and SRBs. Among the study participants who have had sex, SRBs like multiple sexual partners were recorded among 56.1%, and sex for reward in 23.2%. There was a low knowledge of SRBs among 49.0% of the study participants. Among the SRBs analyzed, only sexual debut age was statistically associated with SRB knowledge, and higher SRB knowledge correlated with late sexual debut. Thematic analysis generated four themes (forms of SRBs; motivations; fears and worries; and positive influences) and two theories (Theory 1 – Motivations such as sexual urge, curiosity, infatuation, and poor sex education encouraged the study participants to engage in SRBs; and Theory 2 – Fear of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies, worry of female genital mutilation (FGM), and positive influences of youth organizations limited the intense engagement of some study participants in SRBs). Effective sex education to young people by their parents in a friendly and relaxed atmosphere is essential in reducing SRBs. Providing young people with their basic needs is very important in preventing SRBs
Pregnancy Outcome at Advanced Maternal Age (≥35 Years): A Prospective Cohort Study
Full text linkBackground: Advanced maternal age (AMA), which is defined as becoming pregnant at the age of 35 or older, is becoming more common due to people getting married later in life, pursuing higher education and advances in reproductive technologies. AMA has been associated with heightened risks of maternal and perinatal complications, though findings remain inconsistent across populations.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with advanced maternal age among pregnant women in Basrah, Iraq.Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted from December 2011 to September 2012, involving 531 pregnant women in their second trimester attending antenatal clinics in four primary health care centers in Basrah. Women aged ≥35 years (n=180) comprised the study group, while those aged 20–29 years (n=351) served as controls. Data were collected through structured interviews and follow-up through the postnatal period. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and relative risk calculations.Results: AMA was significantly and independently associated with gestational hypertension (RR=9.86), preeclampsia (RR=5.33), gestational diabetes (RR=15.2), cesarean delivery (RR=1.96 elective; 1.69 emergency), postpartum fever (RR=2.9), postpartum hemorrhage (RR=1.96), low birth weight (RR=2.59), macrosomia (RR=5.44), and NICU admission (RR=2.91). No significant association was found with antepartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, or ICU admission. All births were live, with only one neonatal death recorded.Conclusion: Advanced maternal age significantly increases the risk of several maternal and neonatal complications. However, with appropriate antenatal care, pregnancy at AMA can still result in favorable outcomes, as perinatal mortality was rare
A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender-Related Factors influencing Antihypertensive Medication Adherence in Nigerian Adults
Full text linkBackground: Optimal adherence to antihypertensive medication is critical for effective blood pressure control. While gender-based disparities in hypertension outcomes are well recognized, the influence of gender on medication adherence in Nigeria remains insufficiently explored.Objective: This study aimed to identify gender-related factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive medication among adults receiving care in a Nigerian tertiary health facility.Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 hypertensive adults (155 women, 57.4%; 115 men, 42.6%) aged 18 years and above, attending ambulatory clinics. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to assess adherence. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to evaluate gender-related determinants of adherence, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.Results: The overall prevalence of medication adherence was 57.8%. Adherence was significantly higher among men than women (66.1% vs 51.6%; OR = 1.827, 95% CI: 1.110–3.007). Among men, independent predictors of good adherence included rural residence (P = .011), normal body mass index (P = .003), controlled blood pressure (P < .001), and the prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (P = .018). For women, a higher number of hospital visits (P = .009), blood pressure control (P < .001), and the use of calcium channel blockers (P = .001) were significantly associated with improved adherence.Conclusion: This study highlights a notable gender disparity in antihypertensive medication adherence, with men exhibiting greater adherence than women. The identification of distinct gender-specific sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological factors associated with adherence underscores the necessity for gender-sensitive strategies in hypertension management in Nigeria
Ethics of Pediatric Care
Full text linkPaediatric medicine presents unique ethical challenges due to the vulnerability of children, their developing autonomy, and the role of surrogate decision-making by parents and guardians (Ross, 2015). Core ethical principles, including respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, must be applied carefully to protect paediatric patients' wellbeing while respecting family roles (AAP, 2013). This research examines key issues surrounding informed consent, confidentiality, life-sustaining treatment, and resource allocation in the paediatric setting
Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Approaches in Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcers. A Systematic Review
Full text linkBackground: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes, associated with high morbidity, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Effective management of DFUs often requires an integrated approach due to their multifactorial nature. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of multidisciplinary approaches in the management of DFUs, highlighting clinical outcomes, prevention of complications, and quality of life improvements.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, covering studies published from January 2000 to January 2025. Inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and observational studies investigating multidisciplinary team (MDT) approaches in managing DFUs. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, with a focus on wound healing rates, amputation rates, infection control, recurrence, and patient satisfaction. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results: A total of ten studies were included. Multidisciplinary approaches demonstrated superior outcomes compared to standard care in several domains. Wound healing rates were significantly improved, with a pooled mean reduction in healing time of 25% (95% CI: 18-32%, p < 0.001). Amputation rates were reduced by 35% (RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.83), and infection control was more effective due to integrated antimicrobial management. Recurrence rates of DFUs decreased by 30%, and patient-reported outcomes indicated higher satisfaction and quality of life scores. Key components of successful MDTs included endocrinologists, podiatrists, vascular surgeons, wound care specialists, and patient education programs.Conclusions: Multidisciplinary approaches significantly enhance the management of DFUs by improving clinical outcomes and reducing complications. This review underscores the importance of integrated care models in reducing the burden of DFUs on patients and healthcare systems. Further research is needed to standardize MDT protocols and evaluate cost-effectiveness across diverse healthcare settings