European Journal of Medical and Health Research
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Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Full text linkBackground: MS is a relatively common neurological disease in Saudi Arabia had been increased in prevalence. MS is the most common disease that can cause neurologic disability in patients. Thus, it demands concern knowing the impact of MS on health-related quality of life, disease's progress in those patients can impact the quality of life, so it is important to assess the HRQOL. Methods: This study aimed to determine the impact of multiple sclerosis on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients in Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April 2nd, 2023, to May 15th, 2023. The tool used in the collection of data was divided into two parts. Part I included two sections socio-demographic data and illness information. Part II was related to the HRQOL questionnaire (MSQOL-54). The sample included in the study was 300 MS patients. Result: This study evaluated 173 females (57.7%) and 127 males (42.3%). Less than half of them (44%) belonged to the age group 25-34 years, and 11% of them were categorized as belonging to the age group of over 44 years. 65% of studied MS patients showed RRMS, while 49 (16.3%) had secondary and primary PMS for both, and only 7 (2.3%) for Progressive-relapsing MS. average score for the studied MS patient PHC, MHC, and overall quality of life were 56.43 ± 17.65, 56.88 ± 22.0, and 69.69 ± 18.14, respectively. Conclusion and recommendation: In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence of a strong interaction between the disease and the physical and mental categories of HRQOL in patients with MS. Also, those patients suffering from impairments in their QOL. Furthermore, health-related quality of life was significantly affected by socio-demographic factors including gender, age, marital status, and employment status, as well as by illness information such as disease duration, number of relapses, and route of medication. Also, this study showed that HRQOL in PwMS is not related to education level and subtype of MS. It recommended conducting health education sessions for patients in disease, treatment, and complication. Also, recommended providing comprehensive care in regular assessment of HRQOL
Health-Seeking Behavior, Medication-Taking Behavior, and Associated Factors Among Clients Visiting Community Pharmacies in Lagos State, South-West Nigeria
Full text linkHealth is one of the most important aspects of human life, and man has since time immemorial been striving to maintain or restore good health in order to perform optimally. The existing high prevalence of the practice of self-medication, poor health-seeking and medication-taking behaviors encouraged by the constant display, advertisement, and accessibility to drugs in indiscriminate places, is a major determinant of the type, quantity, quality, effectiveness, and success of healthcare as they encourage irrational use of drugs and poor utilization of health facilities. This study aimed to assess the health-seeking and medication-taking behaviors of clients visiting community pharmacies in the Agege Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State, South-West Nigeria, and to identify the associated factors influencing these behaviors. A descriptive cross-sectional design, involving 305 clients selected from community pharmacies in the Agege LGA through a multi-stage stratified sampling method was used. Data collection was done using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 23). The Chi-square test was employed to examine associations between socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, with health-seeking and medication-taking behaviors, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. The mean age of the study participants was 36.83±11.89 years. Females, married people, Yorubas, and those who live with family members were more. Most of the study participants reside within the Agege LGA, have tertiary education, and are employed, but earn below US$2 per day. Most of them had poor health-seeking behavior (56.7%), and also had poor medication-taking behavior (71.5%). A statistically significant relationship was observed between living status and health-seeking behavior (p=0.002), with a higher proportion (46.8%) of those living with family exhibiting good health-seeking behavior compared to those who do not. The level of education (p=0.042), employment status (p=0.049), and income status (p=0.002) had statistically significant association with medication-taking behavior. As community pharmacies serve as a crucial point of care for various health complaints, there is an urgent need to improve health-seeking and medication-taking behaviours among the population. Increased public awareness about the risks of self-medication, stricter regulations on drug sales and acquisition, and addressing the prevailing socio-economic challenges are highly recommended
Oncohistones in Cancer: A Narrative Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies
No full textOncohistones represent a distinct class of cancer-driving mutations affecting core histone proteins, particularly histone H3 variants. Unlike conventional oncogenes and tumor suppressors, these single amino acid substitutions exert their oncogenic effects through widespread disruption of chromatin architecture and epigenetic regulation. This narrative review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying oncohistone function, with particular focus on H3K27M mutations found in pediatric diffuse midline gliomas and H3K36M mutations characteristic of chondroblastomas. We explore how these mutations interfere with normal chromatin-modifying enzymes, including polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and SETD2 methyltransferase, leading to aberrant gene expression patterns that promote tumorigenesis. The review discusses the clinical significance of oncohistone mutations in cancer diagnosis and classification, highlighting their integration into current diagnostic frameworks. Additionally, we examine emerging therapeutic approaches targeting oncohistone-driven cancers, including epigenetic modulators, immunotherapeutic strategies, and novel synthetic lethality approaches. Finally, we address current challenges in the field, including therapeutic resistance mechanisms and the complexity of targeting global epigenetic alterations, while identifying key areas for future research to advance our understanding and treatment of oncohistone-driven malignancies
Determinants of Hematological Indices among Pregnant Women: The Role of Trimester, Abortion History, and Socio-Demographic Factors
No full textBackground: Pregnancy induces profound hematological changes that may obscure the distinction between physiologic adaptation and pathological anemia. Monitoring hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and serum iron is essential for ensuring maternal health and favorable perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to explore trimester-related changes in hematological indices and their association with socio-demographic and reproductive factors among pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Al-Najaf health directorate between [march–April, 2025] Participants aged 18–40 years with singleton pregnancies were included, while women with systemic illness or hematologic disorders were excluded. Data on demographic characteristics, reproductive history, and antenatal attendance were collected via structured interviews. Venous blood samples were analyzed for Hb and PCV using an automated hematology analyzer, and serum iron was measured by a standardized colorimetric method. Results: Most participants were young (<30 years, 76.7%), rural residents (62%), and overweight (50%), with the majority being housewives (90%). Hemoglobin and PCV values showed a significant decline in the third trimester (Hb: 9.99 ± 0.83 g/dL, PCV: 30.20 ± 2.29%) compared to earlier trimesters (p=0.02 and p=0.05, respectively). Serum iron was unexpectedly higher among women with abortion history (45.71 ± 27.86 μg/dL, p=0.02) and lower among employed women (28.65 ± 17.25 μg/dL, p=0.05). Other demographic factors showed no significant impact. Conclusion: Trimester progression was the primary determinant of Hb and PCV, reflecting physiological hemodilution. Serum iron variation with abortion history and occupation highlights the role of reproductive experiences and lifestyle in maternal iron status. These findings underscore the importance of trimester-specific monitoring and targeted antenatal interventions to optimize maternal hematologic health
Spectrum of Late Toxicity of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
No full textBackground: Radiotherapy remains a fundamental treatment modality for head and neck cancer. This study aimed to assess the range, frequency, and severity of late radiation-induced effects in head and neck cancer survivors. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, CMH, Dhaka, from September 2024 to February 2025, included patients with histopathologically diagnosed stage I- III locally advanced head & neck cancer receiving radiotherapy. A sample size of 63 was used, and a convenience sampling method was employed. Results: Among 63 patients, 84.0% were male, 52.0% were aged ≤60 years, and 46.0% had an ECOG PS of 2. Radiotherapy was delivered using VMAT, IMRT and 3DCRT in 70.0%, 24.0%, and 6.0% of cases. Most common late radiation sequalae based on RTOG grading scale was found salivary gland toxicities, with 70% experiencing various grades of dysphagia. With the CTCAE grading scale, apart from xerostomia, dental caries was 28.57% trismus and aspiration was 34.9%. Dysphagia prevalence was 77.77% and xerostomia was 79.36% at 4 months of follow-up Statistically significant association was present between diagnosis and xerostomia also dysphagia at 4 months follow-up. Conclusion: Radiotherapy holds a crucial position in the treatment of head and neck cancer. However, since no technology can completely shield healthy tissues from exposure, it is essential to take every precaution to limit radiation doses to normal tissues through both preventive and supportive strategies
A Study to Assess Knowledge and Attitude Towards Diversional Therapy in Pain Management among Patients in Selected Locality in Bangalore
No full textDiversional therapy is a non-pharmacological approach to pain relief that engages patients in activities such as music, art, and exercise to reduce pain perception and improve emotional well-being. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding diversional therapy in pain management among diseased patients in Kereguddadahalli village, Bangalore. A descriptive research design was adopted with sample of 50 respondents selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, a 20-item knowledge test, and a 15-item attitude scale. Findings revealed that 72% of participants had adequate knowledge and 56% showed a positive attitude toward diversional therapy. Mean knowledge and attitude scores were 12.72 ± 4.30 and 36.12 ± 4.95 respectively, with a significant positive correlation (r = 0.6726, p < 0.001) between knowledge and attitude. The study concludes that improved knowledge fosters favourable attitudes, underscoring the importance of patient education and integration of diversional therapy into nursing practice for effective pain management
Impact of Play-Based Strategies on Enhancing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) for Dengue Prevention among School Children in an Urban Area of Bangalore North
No full textDengue fever is a significant public health issue in India, particularly in urban locales like Bangalore North, where children are notably susceptible. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of play-based strategies in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning dengue prevention among 60 school children aged 10 to 16 years at Silicon International Public School. Data collection was conducted using a structured KAP questionnaire through pre-test and post-test evaluations. Play-based interventions, which featured interactive activities, were utilized to enhance awareness and promote preventive behaviors.The results indicated that 70% of participants had low KAP scores in the pre-test, with only 8.33% achieving good scores. In contrast, post-test results revealed that 75% of participants achieved good KAP scores, with none classified as poor. A paired t-test (t = 17.945, p < 0.05) confirmed a significant improvement in KAP levels. Chi-square analysis also discovered associations between KAP scores and factors such as place of residence, previous exposure to dengue, participation in health programs, and preventive measures
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge of the Therapeutic Effect of Papaya Leaf Extract in Enhancing Platelet Count among Middle-Aged Women in a Selected Community Area of Bangalore
No full textPapaya leaf extract has been traditionally recognized for its therapeutic potential in enhancing platelet count, especially in conditions like dengue-associated thrombocytopenia. Despite its widespread use, community knowledge regarding its benefits remains limited. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on the therapeutic role of papaya leaf extract among middle-aged women in a selected community of Bangalore. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was adopted, with 75 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The intervention consisted of a structured teaching session supported by handouts. Results revealed that 74% of participants had inadequate pre -test knowledge, while post-test findings showed 56% attained adequate knowledge, with a statistically significant improvement (t=21.19, p<0.001). The study concludes that structured education effectively enhances awareness of papaya leaf extract, suggesting its integration into community health programs and warranting larger, controlled studies
An Exploratory Study to Evaluate the Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Health Hazards Associated with the Soft Drink Consumption among B.Sc. Nursing Students at Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness regarding health hazards associated with soft drink consumption among B.Sc. Nursing students at Smt. Nagarathnamma College of Nursing, Bengaluru. A descriptive exploratory research design was adopted and 30 students were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering demographic details, knowledge of soft drink contents, and awareness of associated short and long-term health effects. The findings revealed that although most students consumed soft drinks regularly, their awareness regarding health risks was limited. In the pre-test, a majority of students demonstrated inadequate to moderate knowledge, while post-test results showed improvement following health awareness interventions. The study emphasizes the importance of structured educational programmes for nursing students, who are future health educators. It concludes that strengthening students’ knowledge can not only improve their personal lifestyle choices but also enable them to serve as effective promoters of healthy living in the community
Anatomical Locking Compression Plate versus Dynamic Compression Plate in the Treatment of Displaced Midshaft Clavicle Fractures in Adults
Full text linkBackground: Midshaft fractures account for between 69 and 82 per cent of all cases of clavicle fracture, which are among the most frequent orthopedic injuries. Displaced midshaft clavicular fractures are traditionally managed non-operatively. However, conservative treatment has been shown to result in higher rates of nonunion, malunion and poor functional outcomes. Consequently, there has been a shift toward surgical fixation to enhance union rates and improve shoulder function. Among surgical options, plate fixation is widely favored for its reliability, though the choice between anatomical locking compression plates (LCP) and dynamic compression plates (DCP) remains debated. Aim: The aim is to compare the short-term clinical outcomes of using anatomical LCP and DCP to treat displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adults. Methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted at Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimaein Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq, from January 2021 to January 2022. Twenty adult patients with unilateral displaced midshaft clavicle fractures were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (LCP) and Group B (DCP). Results: The mean age was 26.8 ± 3.9 years, with males comprising 65% of the sample. No significant difference was observed in wound infection rates between groups (P = 0.839). However, symptomatic hardware prominence was significantly higher in the DCP group (P = 0.039). The LCP group demonstrated a significantly shorter time to union, though both groups achieved a 100% union rate. Quick DASH scores favored the LCP group at both 3 and 6 months, reflecting better functional recovery and reduced pain. Conclusion: LCP offers superior outcomes in terms of union time, complication rates, and functional recovery compared to DCP in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures