Asian Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF VINEGAR PRODUCED FROM Garcina kola AND Artocarpusheterophyllus
No full textVinegar is the product made from the conversion of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid by a genus of bacteria Acetobacter. This work aims at determining the antibacterial effect of the vinegar produced from bitter kola (Garcina kola) and Jack fruit (Artocarpusheterophyllus) on some clinical isolates. The bitter kola and Jack fruit vinegars were produced by fermentation with added inoculants and naturally by indigenous organisms. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar well diffusion and the zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters. The clinical isolates evaluated include Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. From the result, 3B ACV, 1A boiled, 4A natural and 4A ACV showed positive activity on E .coli. Only 1A boiled and 4A natural showed a positive activity on S. aureus. 1A boiled and 4B boiled had a positive result on P. aeruginosa. All the vinegars evaluated had a positive effect on B. subtilis. Generally from the result, it can be inferred that the vinegar produced from Garcina kola has a higher antimicrobial property than Artocarpusheterophyll usal though more research needs to be carried out the type of antimicrobial activity they exhibit (bactericidal or bacteriostatic) as well as the active ingredients present in the vinegar samples that allows them to exhibit such activities
PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF VINEGAR PRODUCED FROM PINEAPPLE AND PAWPAW FRUITS WITH THEIR PEELS
No full textVinegar is the product made from the conversion of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid by a genus of bacteria, Acetobacter. The major aim of the work is to produce vinegar with locally grown pineapple and pawpaw fruits with their peels. Production was carried out using the homemade scale process fermentation and analysis was carried out at various days of fermentation which includes 6th, 10th and 28th days of fermentation. The analysis carried out includes pH, titrable acidity, alcohol content, specific gravity and temperature. The final product was sensory evaluated. The result showed an increase in the physicochemical parameters analysed as the fermentation period increases with the 28thday of the vinegar production giving a pH range of from 3.9-7.8 for the four samples, temperature ranges between 27.7-30.7oC and titrable acidity ranging from 0.018-0.422%. Their alcohol content % ranges from 5.0-7.0% and their specific gravity ranging from 0.229-0.476.The parameters of the sensory analysis includes appearance, aroma, mouth feel, taste, thickness and overall acceptability and the result showed a score range of 5-7.5 for appearance, 5-8 for aroma, 5-7 for mouth feel, 5-8 for taste, 4,5-7 for thickness, 5-8 for overall acceptability on the nine-point Hedonic scale. The results of this work showed that there is a low titrable acidity formed hence giving room for more optimization methods to be carried out so as to improve the quality of the produced vinegar
BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND BIOMETHANISATION OF THE MICROALGA Chlorella vulgaris
No full textOver the last decade, the use of microalgae for its high quality nutritional raw material and its ability to produce high amounts of lipids, proteins and different energy forms has become a challenge worldwide. The characterization of the biochemical profile of a green microalgae Chlorella sp which was isolated from a Tunisian fresh water lagoon showed that this microalga accumulated 18% of lipid content (19% FA ω 3: 15% of C18:3 ω3, 3% EPA and 0.69% DPA) and a high protein content reaching up to 60%. of dry weight. Moderately producer of natural antioxidant, Chlorella sp. accumulates 3.7 mg AGE/ g DW and an inhibition concentration (IC 50) of 595µg/ ml. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of this microalgae provided 12.56% of CH4 biogas
PRODUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE HIGHLY POROUS ZN-MG ALLOY FOAM BY SPACE HOLDER METHOD
No full textPorous scaffolds is very important for tissue engineering applications. In particular, metallic scaffolds are being studied. Zinc is an alternative to Mg as a biodegradable metal. Zn can have an appropriate biodegradation rate than Mg. Recent studies confirm that the Zn is nontoxic and can provide osseointegration. Zn alloys have a low melting temperature, machinability and reactivity. In this work, biodegradable Zn alloy was manufactured for scaffold and temporary implant applications. Samples with interconnected porous structures were manufactured by the powder metallurgy based space holder method. Zn-Mg alloys were manufactured by using Zn, Mg powders. Powder mixtures were ball-milled. Carbamide powders were used as a space holder. Samples were immersed into the water and then the space holder was removed. Sintering was done at 400ºC for 1 hour under argon. The results showed that corrosion rates of the samples were lower than the Mg alloys. Biodegradation was also investigated by weight loss and metal release measurements. Weight loss was about 2-4%. Metal release amount was lower than the daily upper limit of 15 mg/day for the Zn. Alloying was improved the strength of Zn. Osseointegration and biocompatibility properties were improved with Mg. The modulus of elasticity was increased by 24% with the increase of Mg content
POTENTIAL MICROBIAL APPLICATIONS OF METAL COMPLEXES CONTAINING AMINO ACID DERIVED SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS: AN OVERVIEW
No full textAntibiotic resistance has dropped dramatically day by day at an alarming rate. In this view there is a strong need to prepare new compounds that not only have potential activity, but having new appliances of action. Inorganic compounds particularly metal complexes have played a significant role in the improvement of potential metal based drugs. The aim of this review is to focus on research undertaken over the past few decades which has sought to possess preclinical pharmacological screenings like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, DNA- interaction and anti-tumor activity of metal complexes containing Schiff base ligands derived from amino acids
In-vitro ANTIFUNGAL STUDY OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurtz AGAINST FUNGAL PATHOGENIC STRAINS
No full textIntroduction: Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurtz belong to a Family of Lecythidaceae is a species native to mangrove habitats in the tropical. The aim of this study was to evaluate the In-vitro Antifungal Study of Crude extract of Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurtz against Fungal Pathogenic Strains.
Materials and Methods: Extractions was carried out through conventional method, using cold-soaking method in non-polar, medium polar and polar solvents in the order of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol). Antifungal activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay, using Potato dextrose agar medium (PDA), Diflucan as control and Candida tropicalis, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavin as pathogen were utilized.
Results: Significant inhibition of hexane extract was observed on Aspergillus niger at 500 µg/mL with inhibition zone of 14.77±0.05 mm. Dichloromethane crude leaf extract exhibited higher growth inhibition against Fusarium oxysporium with inhibition zone of 15.93 ± 0.05 mm.
Conclusion: The focus of this study is to provide the prospects of Barringtonia asiatica different solvent from non-polar and polar crude extract as a good agent for combating antifungal menace and diseases resistance from modern medicine
UPGRADATION ON THE ROLE OF SPERMINE THROUGH in vitro CULTURE STUDY ON REGENERATION, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Sargassum johnstonii OF GULF OF KHAMBAT, BHAVNAGAR GUJARAT (INDIA)
No full textThe effect of different concentration of polyamines was studied for in vitro culture of Sargassum jhonstonii. The disorganized mass of cell was observed in solid media supplemented with 10-6 M spermine, later they developed two blades like outgrowths. The first regeneration was observed in PES medium supplemented with 10-6M spermine after 72 hours of inoculation. During early stages of regeneration, cells at the cut ends become mitotically active and undergone cell differentiation to produce some filamentous outgrowths. These filamentous outgrowths later developed several primary and secondary lateral branches of leaves and stipes. From the midrib region two elongated stipes developed measuring 3.5 cm in length. Though the growth and regenerated stipes are found in other concentration of spermidine and putrescine plus f2 and ESW but the rate of growth was poor. However, After 10 weeks of inoculation, A complete plant along with several leaves, branches and receptacles measuring 6.5 cm in length grown successfully in PES medium supplemented with 10-6 M spermine
POLYHYRDOXYBUTYRATE PRODUCTION BY Bacillus marcorestinctum USING A CHEAPER SUBSTRATE AND ITS ELECTROSPINNED BLENDS WITH POLYMER
No full textPoly(hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) and other biodegradable polyesters are promising candidates for the development of environment-friendly and completely biodegradable plastics. One of the major drawbacks in the production of PHB is production costs, since it requires large amount of carbon source. This calls for cheaper substrates that can be used as an alternative carbon source such as agro-industrial residues. Hence in the present work PHB producing bacterial strain was used to study the effect of different cheaper carbon and nitrogen sources in the production of PHB from batch work to a scale up level. The large scale production of PHB produced was further characterized by, FT-IR, NMR, GC-MS and TEM analysis. In this study, cane molasses was used as an additional carbon source at 2% concentration along with glucose for large scale production of PHB. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source and the C:N ratio was maintained at 1:15. The maximum production of PHB was obtained at 24 hours of growth which was found to be 0.5 g/L and had a dry cell weight of 3.7 g/ L. The PHB produced was further analysed by GC-MS Analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The obtained PHB from scale-up studies were further electros pinned using different blends of polymers
OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURAL PARAMETERS OF Aspergillus costaricaensis CBS115574 FOR LIPASE PRODUCTION BY SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION
No full textIn the present study, Aspergillus costaricaensis CBS115574 which was previously isolated from the non-leguminous field soil collected from the Kishangarh city of state Rajasthan confirmed by 16S rRNA gene/ITS/D1-D2 region sequencing. The cultural parameters (Carbon sources, nitrogen sources, moisture content, pH, temperature and particle size etc) of solid-state fermentation have been optimized for the improved extracellular lipase production. Among different carbon sources, A. costaricaensis showed best lipase activity (253.6 IU/g/min) in the presence of lactose. Among the various concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4% and 1.6%) of lactose, the optimum concentration was found to be 1.6%. Among different nitrogen sources, highest lipase activity (55.32 IU/g/min) was obtained in the presence of yeast extract and the optimum concentration of yeast extract was found to be 0.5% for maximum lipase activity (236.69 IU/g). Further the best lipase activity was obtained in the medium of pH 8.0 (312.330 IU/g/min) at 28ºC after 48 hrs of incubation period. Further the particle size of solid substrate was optimized and highest lipase activity was found when fine particle size was used. Among the various ratio of moisture content, highest lipase activity (317.09 IU/g/min) was found at 1:6 moisture content. From the present work, it is figure out that for the enhanced production of lipases the medium parameters required to be optimized. The above results help out the authors in carry out the further studies of purification and characterization of lipase enzyme produced from A. costaricaensis CBS115574
HEALTH CHALLENGES OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM WOUND OF PATIENTS ATTENDING GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS IN KOGI STATE, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA
No full textThe study highlighted wounds as ranking high among the major problems in our health care delivery systems. Wound bacteria are the most common hospital acquired infections resulting in prolonged hospital stay with its subsequent high cost. This study was aimed to determine bacterial pathogens responsible for wound infections amongst patients attending government hospitals in Kogi State, North Central, and Nigeria. A total of 523 wound swabs were collected randomly from the three senatorial zones in the Kogi State. 7 bacterial isolates were examined. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus (31%), Escheriae coli (18.3%), Pseudomonas aerogina (15%), coagulase species (12.8%), Klebsiella pneumonia (12.3%), Streptococcus species (11.7%) and proteus species (8.2%) were identified to be commonly associated with wound infections in the area under study. The paper recommended that adequate awareness should be created among the populace so as to forestall or reduce the rates of microbial infections