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Вікові хвойні інтродуценти Державного дендрологічного парку “Тростянець” НАН України
Get PDFObjective – to reveal wood plants of order Pinophyta which reached an age of 100 and more years, to determine their quantity, maximal age, morphometric indicators and current decorative state.
Material and methods. Century trees of such species are revealed: Abies alba Mill., A. concolor Lindl. et Gord., Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) Karst., P. jesoensis (Ziebold et Zucc.) Fish. ex Carr., Pinus nigra Arn., P. peuce Griseb., P. sylvestris L., P. strobus L., Pseudotsuga mensiesii (Mirb.) Franko, Thuja occidentalis L., T. plicata D. Don and Tsuga canadensis Carr. The age of separate trees and their morphometric indexes are recorded in materials of botanical inventories of park plantings (1948–2017), in card files of park dendroflora and in park guides. Nevertheless in the modern plantings there are a lot of aged trees which age is authentically not established. Their approximate age determined by comparison of size of their diameters with average sizes of diameters of trunks of trees which age was recorded in materials of botanical inventories earlier. The common decorative effect century trees was determined by O.A. Kalinichenko’s technique.
Results. A portion of coniferous trees 100 years and older is 15 % (1877 specimens) of the total number of trees (11,912) of the species examined. In order of decreasing number of ancient trees, the species studied are the following: Pinus sylvestris (1035), Larix decidua (385), Picea abies (209), Thuja occidentalis (119), Pinus strobus (42), Thuja plicata (39), Pinus nigra (24), Abies alba (7), Tsuga canadensis (4), Picea jesoensis (2), Abies concolor (1), Pinus peuce (1), Pseudotsuga mensiesii (1). A comparatively small percentage of the ancient trees Picea abies (5.6 %), Thuja occidentalis (6.5 %) and Thuja plicata (4.4 %) of the total number of plantations is due to significant decrease in old trees during the abnormally high air temperature in the period 2010–2012.
Conclusions. On the basis of the studies, the following maximum age of coniferous trees has been revealed: for Pinus sylvestris, P. strobus, Picea abies and Larix decidua – 155 years, for Thuja occidentalis, Pinus nigra, Abies alba, Tsuga canadensi and Picea jesoensis – 145, for Thuja plicata, Abies concolor, Pinus peuce and Pseudotsuga mensiesii – 135. This gives ground to assert that the life span of plants of these species under the conditions of Dendropark Trostjanets can exceed the maximum specified. Identified centuryold trees have different levels of general decorativeness – from 2 to 5 points scale of Kalinichenko
Вміст поживних речовин та енергетична цінність рослинної сировини генотипів свічграсу (Panicum virgatum L.)
No full textObjective – to investigate biochemical properties of plant raw material of 1 cultivar and 14 varieties of Panicum virgatum L. in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. Investigated plants were 1 cultivar and 14 varieties of Panicum virgatum collected in an experimental collection of Cultural Flora Department of National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: Panicum virgatum f. DB (PVDB), P. virgatum f. DN (PVDN), P. virgatum f. PL (PVPL), P. virgatum f. PN1 (PVPN1), P. virgatum f. PN2 (PVPN2), P. virgatum f. PN3 (PVPN3), P. virgatum f. PB (PVPB), P. virgatum f. PP (PVPP), P. virgatum f. RL (PVRL), P. virgatum f. RR (PVRR), P. virgatum f. SL1 (PVSL1), P. virgatum f. SL2 (PVSL2), P. virgatum f. VP (PVVP), P. virgatum f. VR (PVVR), P. virgatum cv. Zoriane (PVZ). The content of dry matter was determined according to A.I. Yermakov, the total content of sugars, monosaccharides and ascorbic acid concentration – according to V.P. Krishchenko, the content of carotene – according to B.P. Pleshkov, the content of ash – according to Z.M. Hrycaenko. Energetic value of dry plant raw material measured on calorimeter IKA200. The content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves detected according to M.M. Musienko on spectrophotometer Unico UV 2800.
Results. In the period of anthesis the plant raw material of Panicum virgatum accumulated dry matter from 34.05 % (PVZ) to 48.21 % (PVPL), monosaccharides – from 2.68 % (PVSL2) to 5.92 % (PVPN2), ascorbic acid – from 14.39 mg% (PVRL) to 79.50 mg% (PVSL1), carotene – from 0.277 mg% (PVPB) to 1.407 mg% (PVSL2), ash – from 1.88 % (PVVR) to 4.63 % (PVPN1) and total content of sugars – from 4.11 % (PVSL2) to 10.49 % (PVPN2). The calorific value of dry raw was from 3588.18 cal/g (PVVR) to 3719.22 cal/g (PVPN1). The ratio of photosynthetic pigments content was 1.09 (PVPN3) – 5.01 (PVPP), the ratio of the sum of chlorophylls to carotenoids content – from 2.47 (PVSL2) to 9.30 (PVPD).
Conclusions. Obtained data demonstrated that in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine cultivar and varieties of Panicum virgatum are the valuable source of nutrients in the period of anthesis. Among investigated plants the PVPL genotype characterized by the most content of dry matter and chlorophyll b, PVPN2 – total content of sugars and monosaccharides, PVSL1 – ascorbic acid, PVSL2 – carotene, PVPN1 – ash and calorific value, PVPP – chlorophyll a and ratio of chlorophylls, PVPN3 – carotenoids
Predicting the Probability of Exceeding Critical System Thresholds
No full textIn this paper we show how regression modelling can be combined with a special kind of data transformation technique that improves model precision and produces several “preliminary” estimates of the target value. These preliminary estimates can be used for interval estimates of the target value as well as for predicting the probability that it has or will exceed arbitrary predefined thresholds. Our approach can be combined with various regression models and applied in many domains that need to estimate the probability of system malfunctions or other hazardous states brought about by system variables exceeding critical safety thresholds. We rigorously derive the formulas for the probability of crossing an upper bound and a lower bound both separately (one-sided intervals) and together (a two-sided interval), and verify the approach experimentally on a real dataset from the electric power industry.Problems in programming 2018; 2-3: 189-196
A simulator of a pulsatile heart
No full textFor IBM-compatible personal computers, a software simulator (SS) is created. SS is based on special mathematical model (MM) of human hemodynamics. MM represents the cardiovascular system (CVS) in lumped parameters and with a fixed neurohumoral background corresponding to the rest. By means of the SS the user can provide simulation scenarios including of changes in the initial state of the CVS for the calculation of the hemodynamic reactions. There are two ways to set the scenario: either from the list presented in the user interface, or from the combination of elementary procedures. In current version of the SS the atriums are absent, the cardiac activity is modeled by the description of ventricular pulsations. SS demonstrates the main regularities of the physiology of CVS in small and large circles of the circulation. SS visualizes hemodynamic transformations caused by defects of the heart valves, right / left ventricular hypofunction (due to worsening of the coronary blood flow, pathology of cardiomyocytes, myocardial hypertrophy). The hemodynamic effects caused via variations of the rate and power of contraction of the right or left ventricles were studied. It is planned to create a complex model based on MM, but taking into account the neurohumoral regulation of the heart pump, the vascular tone and blood volume. Such a complex model will be a problem-oriented information technology for the cardiologist. SS is programmed in Java.Problems in programming 2017; 4: 098-010
Methods and Models for Employment of the Expert Analytical Knowledge in Organization Decision Making. Part I. Decisions Knowledge Models
No full textThe paper is devoted to the formal representation of the organization decision by providing of the special kind of the organization knowledge models. Being employed in the organization information system these models give an ability for reusing of organization experience. Moreover they help to support analytical operations for quality man-agement of organization decisions and decision making processes. The main components of the proposed knowledge models system are the Ontological Model for Decisions Support and the Decision Field of Organization. First of them includes such the categories of concepts as Gall, Gall Tree, Operation, Problem Situation, Side Influence, Decision, Package of Decisions, Value, Value tree. Their models are represented as the systems of the partial definitions for the concept that belong to the certain category and the set of rules for interpretation of each role position in such partial definition. Incomplete conceptual knowledge may be also represented in these models. Models proposed may be used for representation of the Organization Decisions Field and for constructing the mechanism of its analysis that is a subject of the next part of this article.Prombles in programming 2016; 1: 89-10
The main functional blocks of the test bench for the archival electronic documents validation
No full textThe current legal framework regulating the electronic documents exchange in Ukraine does not determine the full electronic documents life-time, namely the electronic documents conformance assessment to the requirements for archival electronic documents. The purpose of the article is to detail the algorithm of archival electronic documents validation by means of the test bench. Motivated in the article is the necessity of the development of the archival electronic documents test bench, and the main principles of its functioning are considered. The test bench for archival electronic documents validation and the conformant national standards providing the file format for archival electronic documents – are the basis for the creation of the management subsystem for archival electronic authorized and reliable assets and would provide the long-term preservation
Logical consequence relations in logics of quasiary predicates
No full textLogical consequence is one of the most fundamental concepts in logic. A wide use of partial (sometimes many-valued as well) mappings in programming makes important the investigation of logics of partial and many-valued predicates and logical consequence relations for them. Such relations are a semantic base for a corresponding sequent calculi construction. In this paper we consider logical consequence relations for composition nominative logics of total single-valued, partial single-valued, total many-valued and partial many-valued quasiary predicates. Properties of the relations can be different for different classes of predicates; they coincide in the case of classical logic. Relations of the types T, F, TF, IR and DI were in-vestigated in the earlier works. Here we propose relations of the types TvF and С for logics of quasiary predicates. The difference between these two relations manifests already on the propositional level. Properties of logical consequence relations are specified for formulas and sets of formulas. We consider partial cases when one of the sets of formulas is empty. It is shown that relations P|=TvF and R|=С are non-transitive, some properties of decomposition of formulas are not true for R|=С, but at the same time the latter can be modelled through R|=TF. A number of examples demonstrates particularities and distinctions of the defined relations. We also establish a relationship among various logical consequence relations.Prombles in programming 2016; 1: 29-4
About the method of projecting abstract data type at the algebra of algorithmic
No full textA method of development of extended abstract data type and algebraic class is proposed. This abstract data type is an essential component of the phases of specification and projecting. The problem of completeness of the extended abstract data type is studied and the decision of sufficient completeness is proposed
Анатомічна структура однорічних пагонів видів aктинідії
No full textObjective – to study the anatomical and morphological structure of oneyearold shoots of the genus Actinidia L. species, which are introduced in Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The subject of the study were representatives of the genus Actinidia, growing in the collection of the acclimatization department of fruit plants of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. The studies were carried out in 2016-2017 with the using of generally accepted methods. Anatomical and morphological features of oneyearold shoots of the genus Actinidia species, which are introduced in the conditions of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, were studied.
Results. In A. kolomikta the thick layer of periderm with flattened, suberinsaturated cells is characteristic, which indicate the better protection from abrupt temperature fluctuations, and thus the better resistance to frost and drought. The female plants had significantly thicker periderm than the male ones. A. arguta has the thickest periderm, which, however, contains a lot of air. An indirect indicator of the increased resistance to frost of these taxa is also the most intense starch accumulation in the perimedullar zone, especially in the female plant shoots. According to the structure of the integumentary tissue, the least resistant to the low temperatures has A. macrosperma.
Conclusions. The investigation shows that introduced the genus Actinidia species have some features of shoots anatomy, which may be used for prediction of the success of introduction. It was shown, that the high adaptive potential of A. kolomikta is characterized by much flattened suberinized cells, and so this species has the better resistance to frost and drought. The significantly thicker layer of periderm in the shoots of the A. kolomikta female plants compared to male ones is detected. Representatives of A. arguta (A. arguta, sorts Kyivska krupnoplidna and Don Huan) have the thickest layer of periderm filled with air. Their high frost resistance is supported by the most intensive accumulation of starch in the perimedullar zone (especially in the shoots of female plants). The least resistant to the low temperatures, according to anatomy, has A. macrosperma. The data obtained add to the knowledge of the anatomy of the stems of different actinidia species and may be used in the selection of cultivars with increased persistence