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Особливості сезонної динаміки водообмінних процесів у видів роду Populus L. у дендрарії Криворізького ботанічного саду
No full textObjective – to investigate the features of waterexchange processes in the assimilation apparatus of poplars introduced in Dendrarium of Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The object of the research were changes in the state of the water regime (waterlogging, water deficiency, water retention capacity) of poplars, introduced in Dendrarium of Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. The studies were carried out on the following poplar species: Populus italica Du Roi, P. deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall, P. simonii Carriére, P. candicans Aiton, P. bolleana Carriére. The species involved in the experiment are represented by individuals of the second class of age (up to 20 years). Determination of bound and free water in the plant material was carried out by refractometric method according to N.A. Gusev (1960). The total amount of water, water retention capacity and water deficiency of poplar assimilation apparatus was determined according to the generally accepted methods in bio logy (Bessonova, 2006). In experiment we used leaves of plants selected from the middle part of the crown of the southwestern exposure.
Results. The total water content of leaves of P. bolleana and P. italica in June was 20–40 % greater than in P. deltoides, P. simonii and P. candicans. From June to September, the water content of the poplar species under study decreased. The most significant decrease in the total water content in poplar leaves (by 15–20 %) in comparison with June is noted in P. deltoides, P. simonii and P. sandicans whose natural range is the more humid places (North America and the Far East). At the same time, the total waterlogging in the Central Asian species of P. bolleana and P. italica decreased to 10 %. From June till August, the free water content decreased and the content of bound water increased. P. italica and P. bolleana of bound water are in 1.1–1.2 times larger than in P. candicans, P. deltoides and P. simonii, which indicates a greater fitness of the first to drought. In August in all poplars studied the water deficit index exceeded the safe value of 10 % and fluctuated within 10.4–19.1 %. The largest water deficiency was in poplars, which naturally grow in more humid areas with moderate temperatures – P. simonii, P. candicans and P. deltoides, which is in 2.0–2.5 times more than in early summer. The smallest water deficit during vegetation was detected P. bolleana and P. italica, in which this index increased by an average in 1.6 times. The highest indicators of water holding capacity in poplars were in June. The higher water retention capacity of the leaves in P. bolleana and P. italica allows poplars to resist dehydration under unfavorable conditions and is an indicator of their adaptation to the conditions of growth.
Conclusion. The most resistant to unfavorable conditions of moistening are P. bolleana and P. italica, in which the ratio of water exchange processes is at optimal level, which is ensured by the agreement of high water content of cells, low values and tendency to decrease the daily water deficit during vegetation, to a partial restoration of the waterlogging of tissues when the effect of the stress factor is weakened
Біоморфологічні та популяційно-онтогенетичні маркери репродуктивної стратегії Carex bohemica Schreb. в умовах ex situ та in situ
Get PDFObjective – to analyse of biomorphological and populational ontogenetic characteristics of Carex bohemica Schreb. which defining the rreproductive strategy of the species.
Material and methods. C. bohemica Schreb. – stenotypic hydrophilic, relict, rare species, is characterized by a disjunctive area (within Ukraine is represented by a small number of localities), an unstable population structure. The subject of the study is biomorphological characteristics (signs of life form, seasonal rhythmicity of sprout formation, the structure of monocarpic peduncles and seeds, the ability to vegetative reproduction, the efficiency of seed reproduction, etc.) and populationontogenetic characteristics (polyvariability of ontogenesis, rotational speed of generative generations, success of reproduction of populations etc.). Inspection of the species in situ was carried out on the territory of nature reserves (Slavutsky district, Khmelnitsky region) from 2009 to 2016. Under ex situ conditions the species was grown in containers under indoor conditions or on cultivation areas within the Kyiv region (Baryshevsky district). The work takes into account the modern level of plant biomorphology and uses the generally accepted populationontogenetic methods of research.
Results. An analysis of the biomorphological and populationontogenetic characteristics of C. bohemica that determine the rreproductive species strategy is made.
Conclusions. At the level of the organism the reproductive strategy of C. bohemica determining its reproductive strategy, priority is given to the continuous seasonal production of a large number of flowering shoots. Significant seed formation percentages of in situ and ex situ determine high levels of actual seed productivity. Among populational ontogenetic characteristics the rreproductive strategy of C. bohemica is defined by: the rapid pace of degenerative development and the rapid overturn of generative generations; the possibility of forming a powerful soil seed bank; high levels of seed similarity and rapid development of stairs; the possibility of replenishing the population with new generations of individuals throug hout the growing season; stretched flowering periods of populations
Composition-nominative logics of free-quantifier levels
No full textFree-quantifier composition nominative logics of partial quasiary predicates are considered. We specify the following levels of these logics: renominative, renominative with predicates of weak equality, renominative with predicates of strong equality, free-quantifier, free-quantifier with composition of weak equality, free-quantifier with composition of strong equality. The paper is mainly dedicated to investigation ofNlogics of free-quantifier levels with equality. Languages and semantic models of such logics are described, their semantic properties are studied, in particular the properties of relations of logical consequence.Problems in programming 2016; 2-3: 38-4
Research and development of Johnson's algorithm parallel schemes in GPGPU technology
No full textJohnson’s all pairs shortest path algorithm application in an edge weighted, directed graph is considered. Its formalization in terms of Glushkov’s modified systems of algorithmic algebras was made. The expediency of using GPGPU technology to accelerate the algorithm is proved. A number of schemas of parallel algorithm optimized for using in GPGPU were obtained. Suggested approach to the implementation of the schemes obtained using computing architecture NVIDIA CUDA. An experimental study of improved performance by using GPU for computations was made.Problems in programming 2016; 2-3: 105-11
The architecture and functionality of the multi-agent system Navigation
No full textThe features of the design, development and functioning of the multi-agent system Navigation are investigated. System architecture and substantiate the choice of language implementation of the system are provided. The functionality of the subsystems of multi-agent systems Navigation is analyzed in detail. The results of multi-agent modelling of pursuit/escape processes by means of the multi-agent system in different modes of its functioning are compared on meaningful example.Problems in programming 2017; 1: 83-9
The system of models of domain "Software Metatechnology"
No full textThe spectrum of models of domain "Software Metatechnology" which are used for the construction of the software service-oriented technologies in the semantic web environment is considered. The basic terms and concepts of this domain are defined. The conceptual model of software technology, conceptual and ontological models of a software metatechnology are given.Problems in programming 2018; 2-3: 236-24
Evolutionary games in TCP networks with speed restriction policies
No full textCompetitive development of various versions of network protocols is an essential part of computer networks. The most-used protocol today is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). There is a large number of implementations of the TCP protocol, which differ by mechanism of congestion control. TCP develops by improving its existent implementations, vanishing some of them and via creation of a new ones. The possibility of using new versions of the protocol allows the user to increase the data rate by selecting the appropriate implementation of TCP. It is difficult to predict consequences of computer network users’ interaction in situations when many users try to achieve higher data rate by applying different TCP implementation. The actual task is to develop a theoretical and program tools to model such competitive dynamic interactions. This is the goal of my scientific-research work.Game theory, which is the theory of mathematical models of optimal decision making in situations of conflicts of interest, is the best suited to solve a particular problem because it allows you to find a solution in terms of non-cooperative interaction, which usually happens between the networks TCP-connections.This paper examines the possibility of coexistence of different implementations of protocols that users can change to improve their own capacity. It also examines games between protocols in cases when users’ packets management policies are applied.Problems in programming 2016; 4: 33-4
Classification of means and methods of the Web semantic retrieval
No full textProblems associated with the improve ment of information retrieval for open environment are considered and the need for it’s semantization is grounded. Thecurrent state and prospects of development of semantic search engines that are focused on the Web information resources processing are analysed, the criteria for the classification of such systems are reviewed. In this analysis the significant attention is paid to the semantic search use of ontologies that contain knowledge about the subject area and the search users. The sources of ontological knowledge and methods of their processing for the improvement of the search procedures are considered. Examples of semantic search systems that use structured query languages (eg, SPARQL), lists of keywords and queries in natural language are proposed. Such criteria for the classification of semantic search engines like architecture, coupling, transparency, user context, modification requests, ontology structure, etc. are considered. Different ways of support of semantic and otology based modification of user queries that improve the completeness and accuracy of the search are analyzed. On base of analysis of the properties of existing semantic search engines in terms of these criteria, the areas for further improvement of these systems are selected: the development of metasearch systems, semantic modification of user requests, the determination of an user-acceptable transparency level of the search procedures, flexibility of domain knowledge management tools, increasing productivity and scalability.In addition, the development of means of semantic Web search needs in use of some external knowledge base which contains knowledge about the domain of user information needs, and in providing the users with the ability to independent selection of knowledge that is used in the search process. There is necessary to take into account the history of user interaction with the retrieval system and the search context for personalization of the query results and their ordering in accordance with the user information needs. All these aspects were taken into account in the design and implementation of semantic search engine "MAIPS" that is based on an ontological model of users and resources cooperation into the Web.Problems in programming 2017; 1: 30-5
Mapping of the relational algebra to the description logic
No full textThis paper is dedicated to the data integration problem. In article we discuss the problem of mapping the relational data model to the description logic. With the help of the previously created binary relational data model we created the mappings of the relational algebra to the description logic. We used the ALC description logic and its basic extensions (on which SHIQ, SHION and SHOIQ logic is based) to create mappings. We used previously published results in this work which are the binary relational data model definition, the binary relational data structure definition, the mapping of the ALC logic to the relational data model, the mapping of the basic extensions of the ALC logic to the relational data model and mapping the ALC axiomatic to the relational data model.Problems in programming 2018; 2-3: 214-22
Introduction of modern information technologies in scientific research of NAS of Ukraine
No full textThe main results of execution of Program of Informatization of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences in the areas of creating telecommunication infrastructure, implementing of cloud technologies, integration of scientific and information resources, developing software for supporting scientific research, Grid calculations, managing scientific and economic activity are reported. Problems in programming 2017; 3: 03-1