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Біохімічний склад рослинної сировини генотипів сорго цукрового (Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench)
No full textObjective – to investigate biochemical properties of plant raw material of cultivars and varieties of Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. Investigated plants were cultivars and varieties of Sorghum saccharatum collected in experimental collection of Cultural Flora Department of National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: S. saccharatum (SS), S. saccharatum cv. Botanichnyi (SSB), S. saccharatum cv. Energodar (SSE), S. saccharatum cv. Medove (SSM), S. saccharatum cv. Yantar (SSY), S. saccharatum f. AMBR1 (India) (SSA1), S. saccharatum f. AMBR2 (Kazakhstan) (SSA2), S. saccharatum f. AMBR5 (Kazakhstan) (SSA5). The content of dry matter was determined according to A.I. Yermakov et al. (1972), the total content of sugars and ascorbic acid concentration – according to V.P. Krishchenko (1983), the content of carotene – according to B.P. Pleshkov (1985), the content of ash – according to Z.M. Hrycaenko et al. (2003), the content of calcium and phosphorus – according to H.N. Pochinok (1976). Energetic value of dry plant raw material determined on calorimeter. Content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves detected according to M.M. Musienko et al. (2001).
Results. In the period of milkywax seed ripening the plant raw material of Sorghum saccharatum accumulated dry matter from 21.11 % (SSA1) to 46.41 % (SSB), total content of sugars – from 8.64 % (SSE) to 28.65 % (SSA1), ascorbic acid – from 11.39 mg% (SSA) to 35.96 mg% (SSA2), carotene – from 0.16 mg% (SSE) to 0.92 mg% (SSA2), ash – from 2.32 % (SSY) to 4.02 % (SSB), calcium – from 0.503 % (SSA5) to 1.127 % (SS), phosphorus – from 0.037 % (SSY) to 0.148 % (SSM). Energetic value of dry raw was from 2928.77 Cal/g (SSE) to 4075.62 Cal/ g (SSA5). Ratio of photosynthetic pigments content was 1.26 (SSM) – 6.20 (SSB).
Conclusions. Obtained data demonstrated that in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine cultivars and varieties of Sorghum saccharatum are the valuable source of nutrients and biofuel in the period of milkywax seed ripening. Among investigated genotypes SSB characterized by the most content of dry matter and ash, SSA1 – total content of sugars, SSA2 – vitamins, SSA5 – energetic value
Оцінка успішності інтродукції рідкісних та зникаючих видів рослин у Криворізький ботанічний сад НАН України
No full textObjective – to evaluate the results of the introduction success and to determine perspectives of conservation of rare and endangered plant species in the culture in conditions of the Right-Bank of Steppe Dnieper region.
Material and methods. Object of studies were 239 plants from the collection “Rare and Endangered Species of Plants” of Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Assessing the introduction success, plant survival was considered when transferred to culture; habit and the size of plants in culture, intensity of fruiting, seed productivity, nature and intensity of selfrenewal, population dynamics, passing of individual development phases, resistance to diseases and pests, life expectancy in the collection.
Results. The scale for assessing of introduction resistance of rare and endangered plant species has been improved. The scale includes 8 criteria, each of which in turn is estimated by 1–3 points. According to introductory resistance, four groups of species are identified: highly resistant (131 species, or 54.8 %), mediumstable (55 species, or 23.0 %), weakly resistant (43 species, or 18.0 %) and unstable (10 species, or 4.2 %).
Conclusions. The overwhelming majority of rare and endangered species of the collection (186 (77.8 %)) have high and medium introductory resistance, so their introduction for the purpose of protection and conservation in culture in botanical gardens in the conditions of the Right-Bank of Steppe Dnieper region is promising. For species, which exhibit low introductory resistance, when they are transferred into culture, appropriate growth conditions, that are close to natural ones, should be created
Наукова діяльність Леоніда Івановича Рубцова в радянських субтропіках
No full textObjective – to study the first years of scientific work of the wellknown dendrologist, landscape architect L.I. Rubtsov.
Material and methods. When studying literary sources, the historicalscientific method was used. The problematicchronological method provided a sequence of presentation of the material.
Results. The first years of scientific activity of L.I. Rubtsov are studied. It is noted that he began his career in the 1920s in the subtropical districts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. While still studying at the Leningrad Forestry Academy, Leonid Ivanovich examined the plantation of valuable woody plants (boxwood and cork oak) on the territory of Abkhazia. The work of L.I. Rubtsov at the Institute of Humid Subtropics (1933–1935) was analysed. During this period, Leonid Ivanovich made an inventory and evaluation of landscape planning of the Sukhumi arboretum and the park of the state farm “Southern Cultures” (Adler). As a result of these studies, he formulated original conclusions and proposals on the assortment and landscape arrangement of subtropical parks.
Conclusions. The Caucasian period of scientific activity laid the foundation for the formation of Leonid Ivanovich Rubtsov as a dendrologist and landscape architect. The necessity of studying the creative heritage of L.I. Rubtsov, an outstanding dendrologist and landscape architect, is emphasized
Вплив освітлення на ріст і розвиток представників роду Pyracantha Roem. в умовах інтродукції у Правобережному Лісостепу України
No full textObjective – to identify the optimal growing conditions of genus Pyracantha Roem. representatives, the light intensity influence on the above ground parts growth and anatomical structure of leaves were analysed in the conditions of the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The study was conducted by traditional laboratory and field methods in the conditions of the National Dendrological Park Sofiyivka of the NAS of Ukraine. The intensity of illumination was measured by a luxmeter MS 6610. Have been used method G.H. Molotkovsky, classification of M.A. Baranova and B.R. Vasilyeva, methodical recommendations of А.Т. Grevtsova and N.A. Kazanskaya.
Results. The relationship between light intensity and value of the shoots growth, bloom and fruiting was revealed. Morphological and anatomical indicators of leaf assimilation and stomatal apparatus of Pyracantha under the different lighting conditions were investigated. The most sensitive to the intensity of illumination was the spongy parenchyma. In all the samples studied, the thickness of all the components of the sheet increases in the second year. The coefficient of palisade is medium and high, the highest – in P. crenulata (61 %) and P. × ‘Orange Charmer’ (62 %) of the 2nd year of vegetation, the smallest – in P. × ‘Soleil d’Or’ (43 %). The largest number of stomata was recorded per unit surface in P. ‘Orange Charmer’ – 262 pcs. The largest number of stomata was recorded per unit surface in P. × ‘Orange Charmer’ – 262 pcs. on the il luminated site, the smallest – in P. × ‘Soleil d’Or’ – 201 pcs. on the shaded area, which indicates a xeromorphic structure of the leaf.
Conclusions. During the years under investigation, we found that species and cultivars reacted equally to lighting. Pyracantha individuals who receive the maximum amount of light grow well, bloom, bear fruit, form the characteristic shape of the crown, thereby preserving the overall ornamentally of the plants. Sufficiently tolerate lateral shading, with complete shading completely lose their decorative properties. When analyzing the biometric indices and anatomical sections of leaf blades, it is established that of the genus Pyracantha representatives are facultative heliophytes. The development of multilayered, dense acacias palisade parenchyma, a large number of small stomata points to the xeromezophytality of the leaf and simultaneously indicates the illuminations of the plants. It is established that the conditions of shading reduce the number of stomata per unit surface, their sizes increase and the stomata index decreases. The stomata index is medium and high, characterizing plants as xeromesophytes. Open areas were found to be optimal for their growth and development
Північноамериканські види Quercus L. секції Eulepidobalanus Orst. у дендрарії Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
No full textObjective – to analyze the current of Quercus species of the section Eulepidobalanus Оrst., determine the correspondence of their biological rhythms to the rhythms of climatic factors in the region of introduction and to predict the prospect of their further use.
Material and methods. Objects for study – Q. alba L., Q. bicolor Willd., Q. lyrata Walt., Q. macrocarpa Michx. and Q. prinus L. For their study, tried and tested were used determination of winter hardiness (S.Y. Sokolov, 1957), drought resistance (S.S. Pyatnitsky, 1961), flowering and fruiting, (A.A. Kalinitchenko, 1970), phenological observations (I.N. Beideman, 1974).
Results. Based on the results of the study of literature sources and own field and laboratory studies of the phenological phases of Quercus species of the section Eulepidobalanus, winter and drought resistance, intensity of growth, flowering and fruiting processes, the goodness of the seeds and their field germination, conclusions have been drawn about the success of these species introduction.
Conclusions. Q. alba, Q. bicolor and Q. macrocarpa have high growth rates, they blossom, bear fruit, are sufficiently winter and drought-resistant. With the correct selection of the source material for reproduction the can be recommended for use in ornamental plantation. It is advisable to repeat the test of Q. lyrata. Q. prinus requires repeated testing by seeds of their own reproduction
Флористичний склад, поширення та ботаніко-географічна характеристика деревно-чагарникових видів у садах і парках колишніх залізних рудників Криворіжжя
No full textObjective – to analyze the floral composition, distribution and botanico-geographical characteristics of woody and shrubby species in the gardens and parks of the former iron mines at Kryvorizhzhya depending on their current status.
Material and methods. During 2015–2016 seven existing parks (“Ternivskyi”, “Shakhtarskyi”, “Zatyshnyi”, Suvorov sports park, park near the Palace of Culture of mine “Rodina”, “Saksahanskyi”, “Rudanivskyi”), the abandonment park in the exclusion zone (Park of mine “Hvardiiska”), the garden of hotel “Park House” by traditional methods were explored. The nomenclature of taxa is given by S.K. Cherepanov (1995), according to the International Index of Scientific Names of Plants (2017), a geographical analysis – by A.L. Taktajan (1978).
Results. The gardens and parks of the former iron mines of Kryvorizhzhya in 1930–1970 years were the basis of the green plantations of the region, and since the 1980s they have been gradually changing their social status. At the beginning of the XXI century: the garden of the Park House hotel is in private ownership, “Shakhtarskyi” and “Saksahanskyi” parks are the city’s parks, Park Ternovskiy is the main park of the microdistrict. They are actively visited, their territory is well-groomed. Parks “Zatyshnyi”, near the Palace of Culture of mine “Rodina” and “Rudanivskyi” are less popular for visitors, secondary to the balance holders and partially groomed. Suvorov sports park and especially the Park of mine “Hvardiiska” are in fact destructured and degraded. The floristic composition oh the tree of shrubs includes 93 species and cultivars, which belong to 53 genera and 27 families. The share of gymnosperms is about 18 %. Leading families are Rosaceae (16 species), Saliceae (9), Oleaceae (7), Aceraceae (7) and Pinaceae (6). Leaders of the genus among Pinophyta – Juniperus (4 species and cultivar), Thuja (4), Picea (3), among Magnoliophyta – Acer (7), Populus (7), Ulmus (4).
Conclusions. The greatest species diversity is found in the “Shakhtarskyi” and “Ternivskyi” parks, which are characterized by considerable social status and demand, as well as maximum areas. Less species diversity is found in plantations, the most abandoned and gradually degrading – Suvorov sports park and Park of mine “Hvardiiska”. Introduced wood and shrub species significantly prevail over native species. These species mainly originate from the Circumboreal, Atlantic-North American and Mediterranean floristic regions
Антиоксидантний потенціал рослин родин Brassicaceae Burnett та Poaceae Barnhart.
No full textObjective – to estimate the antiradical scavenging ability of extracts of some plants of Brassicaceae Burnett and Poaceae Barnhart. species, to evaluate the total antioxidant activity of plants in the conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. Plant material of this investigation – species, varieties and cultivars of Brassicaceaae and Poaceae families: Brassica campestris f. annua D.C. (BCA), B. campestris f. biennis D.C.× B. napus f. biennis D.C., cv. Innovatsiia (BCBNI), B. campestris f. biennis D.C. × B. rapa L. × B. napus f. biennis D.C. (BCBRBN), B. juncea (L.) Czern. (BJ), B. juncea (L.) Czern. f. biennis, cv. Annushka (BJA), B. napus f. biennis D.C., f. EROF-5 (BNE-5), B. rapa L. (BR), B. rapa subsp. rapifera Metzger (BRR), Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers. (RSO), Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., cv. Snihopad (MSS), M. sinensis Anderss. f. ESBMK-6 (MSE-6), Panicum virgatum L. f. PB (PVPB), P. virgatum L. f. PL (PVPL), Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. f. ETSSDF-11 (SBE-11), S. nigrum Roemer et Schultes f. ETSSCHF-1 (SNE-1), S. saccharatum (L.) Moench. cv. Medove (SSM), S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf (SS), S. technicum (Koern.) Bait. et Trab. (ST). The antioxidant activity of methanol and aqueous extracts based on the discoloration reaction on the solution of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical) was determined according to Brandt-Williams et al. The determination of content of ascorbic acid was conducted according to V.P. Krishchenko, the content of carotene – according to B.P. Pleshkov.
Results. The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of plants of Brassicaceae was registered in the range from 16.94±0.15 (BCA) to 36.91 ± 0.26 (BRR) % and aqueous extracts – from 26.53 ± 0.34 (BJ) to 65.85 ± 0.30 (RSO) %. This parameter for methanol extracts of Poaceae species was in range from 31.13 ± 0.32 (MSE-6) to 86.48 ± 0.49 (SNE-1) % and aqueous extracts – from 33.10 ± 0.47 (ST) to 83.14 ± 0.46 (PVPB) %. It was determined concentration of ascorbic acid from 118.67 ± 9.90 (BJA) to 566.61 ± 38.37 (BNE-5) mg% and carotene – from 0.48 ± 0.01 (BJA) to 3.11 ± 0.07 (BJ) mg% for Brassicaceae plants. Content of ascorbic acid in range from 11.80 ± 0.85 (PVPB) to 77.39 ± 1.29 (SS) mg% and carotene – from 0.05 ± 0.00 (PVPB) to 0.62 ± 0.02 (PVPL) mg% was identified for Poaceae plants.
Conclusions. This study showed that plant raw material of investigated plants is a valuable source of antioxidants and vitamins. Methanol and water extracts of plants of Poaceae had higher antiradical activity against DPPH radical than extracts of plants of Brassicaceae. The higher level of ascorbic acid and carotene was observed in extracts of plants of Brassicaceae. The minimal content of ascorbic acid and carotene found for BJA (Brassicaceae) and PVPB (Poaceae)
Особливості цвітіння та плодоношення Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. за умов інтродукції в Правобережному Лісостепу України
No full textObjective – to investigate of peculiarities of biology of flow ering and fruiting of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. under conditions of introduction in the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2016–2017 with using of standart methods. The subject of research were the plants of S. chinensis from the collection of the acclimatization department of fruit plants of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine.
Results. The biology of the development of S. chinensis is explored under conditions of the introduction in the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The duration of the vegetative period from the beginning of the spring sap to the complete fall of the leaves on the base of longterm studies is an average 200 days. The beginning of the flowering phase of S. chinensis is marked in the third decade of April for the sum of effective temperatures 351.9–424.7 °C. Flowering lasts on the average 28 days regardless of weather conditions. The barking of the fruits depends on the average daily temperature of the air during the flowering period of the plants: cold rainy weather prevents the flying of insects and consequently the pollination of flowers, as a result of which there is a small number of fruit on the fennel (1–5). Under favorable conditions the index of fruit barking reaches an average of 88 %. The beginning of maturation of the fruit of the S. chinensis is noted at the end of August for the sum of effective temperatures 2673.9–2690.7 °C.
Conclusions. In conditions of introduction in the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine plants of S. chinensis pass full-cycle of their development and are promising for wide introduction in the gardening. Two-domed plants with samesex flowers were found in the S. chinensis introductive population, which should be taken into account when using seedling material of seed origin. High indicators of the fertility and viability of the S. chinensis pollen were revealed
Втілення ідей перших проектів будівництва в сучасних напрямах розвитку Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
Get PDFObjective – to investigate the correlation between the ideas of the construction of M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden (NBG) of the NAS of Ukraine have been in the first projects and the modern directions of the garden areas development.
Material and methods. Historicalscientific method was used for studying the base of sources. Problemchronological method provided a sequence of the material presentment. The comparative method allowed to find and to investigate the correlations.
Results. The first projects of the construction of Botanical Garden subordinated to the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (now NBG) were investigated and their implementation was analyzed. The correlations between the ideas of the first projects and the modern directions of NBG development were found and analysed.
Conclusions.The first projects of NBG formation had a lot of interesting ideas that for various reasons were not realized. Some of these ideas received a new life only at the beginning of the 21st century, when the scientists of the botanical garden faced new problems related to an increase of anthropogenic pressure, changes of climatic conditions, the need to create new expositions. New directions on exposition areas creation are often correlated with the unfulfilled plans of the 1930–1940’s
Закономірності росту деревних ліан родини Vitaceae Juss. в умовах інтродукції в Правобережному Лісостепу України
Get PDFObjective – to find out the features of the growth and development of vegetative shoots of woody lianas of the Vitaceae Juss. family depending on the specific features and conditions of vegetation during introduction in the Right-Bank of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The subject of the study is the woody lianas of the genus Parthenocissus Planch. and Ampelopsis Michx. of the Vitaceae family. The investigations were carried out during the vegetation period of 2014 at the expositioncollection section “Climbing plants” of the collection fund of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine according to generally accepted methods. The processing of the results was carried out by methods of statistical estimation of the average data in the Microsoft Excel (2007), the correlation analysis – on the basis of Internet resources.
Results. Correlation dependence of growth rates and development of vegetative shoots on temperature and relative humidity of air is established. The most intensive growth of all representatives falls on periods with high temperatures. It was found that a prolonged absence of precipitation could have a negative effect on the growth of Ampelopsis genus lianas. Growth of vegetative shoots of wood lianas of the genus Ampelopsis is due to intercalary growth, and representatives of the genus Parthenocissus – due to the apical growth of shoots, and this feature is specific within the genus. The highest values of the annual increment of vegetative shoots are reached by woody vines A. brevipedunculata, and the smallest – P. tricuspidata ‘Veitchii’.
Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the highest values of annual growth of vegetative shoots reach the woody vines A. brevipedunculata, and the smallest – P. tricuspidata ‘Veitchii’. The most intensive growth and development of shoots of all investigated representatives falls on periods with high mean daily temperature. Prolonged absence of precipitation in late July, early August, contributed to a slowing down of the growth and development of the studied introducers of the genus Ampelopsis. At the same time, this did not significantly affect the overall growth of shoots, because their growth and development is carried out, to a greater extent, due to the extension of interstices. Growth of vegetative shoots in the species and forms of tree lianas of the genus Parthenocissus is achieved, mainly due to the increase in the number of internodes, so they did not suffer from adverse effects under the same conditions