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Структурно-функціональна організація тканин листка при довготривалому вирощуванні тропічних і субтропічних рослин у гермооб'ємі
Get PDFStructural changes in cells of epidermal and mesophilous tissues of leaves of four tropical and subtropical species cultivated during 9 months in special container are shown. Diapason of structural changes in cell organell varied depending on cell type and morpho-biological features of test plants. Epithecular layer of leaves is important for formation of mechanism of adaptation in the group of test plants
Відновлення та реконструкція історичної ландшафтної ділянки Східна балка в дендрологічному парку “Олександрія” НАН України
No full textObjective – to establish the historical past and the current state, to develop measures for restoration and optimization of plantings the landscape area the Eastern Beam of Dendrological Park Olexandria of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The object of research – key landscape elements, the structure of the landscaping area the Eastern Beam. The methods of complex analysis which were used: historical-analytical, iconographic, full-scale, route surveys. The names of taxa are consistent with the list of “The Plant List”.
Results. The Eastern Beam was one of the main landscaped complexes of the household park Alexandria. The structure of the landscape area the Eastern Beam consisted of 13 key elements: architectural structures, waterfalls, ponds, bridge, observation deck, columns, sculptures. “Hetman Pavilion”, bridge over the beam, Column Helmet Bagration are lost on the area as at 2016. The contours of the area Eastern Beam have changed, the erosion of the slopes has increased, the source has become muddy, which fell into the Dzerkalnyi pond. There are no archival materials on the species composition of vegetation in the time of Branitskys’ family. The analysis of the scientific documentation and the remnants of the compositions revealed that there were landscape compositions from Pinus sylvestris L. and Larix decidua Mill. on the study area. The major part of the right part of the beam occupied deciduous plantations. At the beginning of the restoration work, the Eastern Beam was a part of the forest type with remnant historical plantations and self-seeded low-value hardwoods. Modern plantings are represented by 31 species of trees and 121 species of grassy plants. The project for restoring the structure and optimization of the Eastern Beam involves earthworks (clearance the remains of the Serpentine shafts fortification the banks of the ponds), sanitary measures (clearing from the winding trees on the banks of the Dzerkalnyi and Laznevyi ponds), restoration of the landscape elements (observation deck). The list of woody and herbaceous plants is suggested for restoration of historical and creation of new landscape compositions and recultivation works.
Conclusions. The landscape area the Eastern Beam consisted of 13 key landscape elements. The vegetation of the area was represented by landscape compositions of coniferous plants and natural plantings with domination of Quercus robur L. Natural and anthropogenic factors caused negative changes in the state of coastlines and erosion processes. “Hetman Pavilion”, bridge over the beam, Column Helmet Bagration, observation deck were lost among architectural elements. The tree vegetation has 31 species and it is represented by the remnants of decorative compositions from coniferous plants, part of the oak wood and self-seeded low-value hardwoods. The herbaceous cover consists of 121 species and is degraded with the predominance of aggressive plants with a powerful root system and adventitious species
Рослинність заказника “Залавський” та прилеглих територій
Get PDFObjective – to describe the floristic diversity of the botanical reserve Zalavsky, the main element of which is the top oligotrophic forest swamp.
Material and methods. The territory of the reserve Zalavsky is part of the Rokytnivsky physical-geographical region of Zhytomyr Polissya. Field studies were conducted in 2018 using the generally accepted method of geobotanical research.
Results. The vegetation of the reserve is represented by rare plant communities listed in the Green Book of Ukraine – the upper oligotrophic forest swamp and extrazonal island spruce and also typical of Polissya, the psammophilous plant association of dunes of moraine-sandy origin.
Conclusions. The island spruce forests of the Ukrainian Polissya are unique extrazonal dark-coniferous communities, each of which needs protection. In this regard, the inclusion of natural fir trees in the botanical reserve Zalavsky will significantly improve the state of protection of the Polissya landscape ecosystems
Антиоксидантна активність екстрактів насіння деяких кормових рослин
No full textObjective – to investigate the antioxidant activity of seed extracts of selected forage plants in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Material and methods. Seeds of seven forage plants researched in this study: Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. (Fabaceae), Bunias erucago L., B. orientalis L. (Brassicaceae), Galega officinalis L., G. orientalis Lam. (Fabaceae), Isatis littoralis Steven, I. tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae). The method described by Brand-Williams et al. (1995) used to determine the antiradical activity of plant extracts. Biochemical analyze included following stages: preparation of methanol, ethanol and water extracts (1 g of dried material mixed with 25 ml of solvent); 12 hours of extraction; spectrophotometric procedure of determination of antiradical activity with a 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl solution. A solution of radical prepared in methanol and diluted according to method. Data were expressed in ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) and Trolox equivalent (TE) on a gram of dry weight. Measurements of extracts carried out on spectrophotometer UNICO UV 2800 at 515 nm. Experimental data processed by Excel.
Results. Methanol extracts of investigated plants had an antiradical activity of 18.27–80.57 %, ethanol extracts of 11.07–79.73 % and water extracts of 23.31–80.26 %. Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts expressed on ascorbic acid equivalent was 1.75–2.72 mg AAE per gram, ethanol extracts 1.62–2.72 mg AAE per gram and water extracts 1.82–2.66 mg AAE per gram. Results exhibited antioxidant activity expressed on Trolox equivalent of methanol extracts from 1.30 to 7.51 mg TE per gram, ethanol extracts from 0.56 to 7.76 mg TE per gram and water extracts from 1.19 to 7.37 mg TE per gram.
Conclusions. Obtained data demonstrated that in conditions of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine seed extracts of investigated forage plants have high antioxidant potential as well as leaves or shoots. Antiradical activity of extracts was of 11.07–84.60 %. All seed extracts had the least values of this parameter in the ethanolic extracts. Antioxidant activity expressed in ascorbic acid equivalent was maximal for Bunias orientalis and Galega officinalis and minimal for Isatis tinctoria. Antioxidant activity by Trolox equivalent was high for Bunias orientalis methanol extracts and slow for Bunias erucago ethanol extracts. Investigation of seeds extracts of crops from different plant families is need to evaluate antioxidant potential of it and recommend for use
Таксономічний аналіз колекції відділу квітниково-декоративних рослин Кременецького ботанічного саду
No full textObjective — to analyze the quantitative and qualitative composition the taxonomic structure of flower-ornamental plants of Kremenets Botanical Garden.
Material and methods. Nomenclature of species composition is given in accordance with “The Plant List” with refinements for the “Catalog of Life”. Biomorphological analysis of the adventitious fraction was carried out in accordance with the classification of K. Raunkiaer and the system of life forms of I.G. Serebryakov.
Results. It was established that decorative floral cultures of open soil are represented by 3 classes, 46 orders, 65 families, 159 genera, 355 species. The Magnoliopsida class is dominated by the number of species, it is represented by 235 (66 %) species of 114 (71.7 %) genera of 40 (61.5%) families of 34 (74.0 %) orders, Liliopsida class — 92 (26.0 %) species of 30 (18.9 %) genera of 17 (26.1 %) families 11 (24.0 %) orders, Polypodiopsida class — 28 (8.0 %) species of 15 (4.2 %) genera of 8 (2.2 %) families of 1 (1.0 %) order. By the number of species and intrinsic taxa in the collection of herbaceous plants the families Asteraceae, Hostaceae and Crassulaceae prevail.
Conclusions. According to the classification of I.G. Serebryakov in the collection of flowering-ornamental plants polycarpus prevails – 87.0 %, in classification K. Raunkiaer – hemicryptophytes (55.0 %), by hygromorph – mesophytes (46.0 %), by heliomorph – heliophytes (56.9 %), by trophomorph – mesotrophy (60.0 %)
Дослідження ґрунтових лаказ у ХХІ ст.: основні напрями та перспективи
No full textLaccases (benzodiol: oxygen oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) belong to the so-called blue-copper oxidase family and are coppercontaining enzymes that are involved in oxidative processes by catalyzing the oxidation of various compounds with molecular oxygen, including o- and w-diphenols, aminophenols, polyphenols, polyamines, aryl diamines, phenolic substructures of lignin, and also some inorganic ions. The physiological functions of laccases are diverse: participation in the formation of pigments and the formation of fruiting bodies of fungi, detoxification of phenols, catalysis of the oxidation of non-phenolic lignin units (C4-esterified) to radicals.
Laccase activity increases due to the introduction of Cu2+, Mg2+ and Na+, but is strongly inhibited by Fe2+, Ag+, l-cysteine, dithiothreitol and NaN3. In the lower soil layers, the activity of laccase shows a significant increase when supplied with mineral N, the addition of compost leads to increased activity in the surface layer.
The prospects for the practical use of oxidases increased after the discovery of the possibility of enhancing their action using redox mediators, which are substrates of these enzymes, during the oxidation of which highly redox potential and chemically active products are formed. Biocatalytic systems created by nano-technologies (bacterial nanocellulose, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoflowers etc.) increase the reaction efficiency by increasing the surface area and loading capacity, and reducing the mass transfer resistance. The effectiveness of immobilization is highly dependent on the process conditions, the properties of the enzyme and the material of the carrier. In particular, a clear correlation was established between the redox potential of the substrate and the efficiency of homogeneous catalysis.
Of particular note is the effect of laccase on soil emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Participating in the polymerization of soluble phenols, they thereby contribute to humification, forming stable humic fractions that bind soil carbon.
The data presented indicate that soil laccase is an important factor in the functionality of soil, but they need to be studied in more detail in order to understand the mechanisms that regulate their activity
Modern restful api dls and frameworks for restful web services api schema modeling, documenting, visualizing
Get PDFThe given paper presents an overview of modern RESTful API description languages (belongs to interface description languages set) – OpenAPI, RAML, WADL, Slate – designed to provide a structured description of a RESTful web APIs (that is useful both to a human and for automated machine processing), with related RESTful web API modelling frameworks. We propose an example of the schema model of web API of the service for pre-trained distributional semantic models (word embeddings) processing. This service is a part of the “Personal Research Information System” services ecosystem – the “Research and Development Workstation Environment” class system for supporting research in the field of ontology engineering: the automated building of applied ontology in an arbitrary domain area as a main feature; scientific and technical creativity: the automated preparation of application documents for patenting inventions in Ukraine. It also presents a quick look at the relationship of Service-Oriented Architecture and Web services as well as REST fundamentals and RESTful web services; RESTful API creation process.Problems in programming 2018; 4: 59-6
Injection of functional dependencies using inversion of control container
No full textPrombles in programming 2014; 4: 33-3
A method of tuning programs on .Net platform with rewriting rules
No full textSoftware tool for computation optimization that allows to optimize semiautomatically to increase execution speed was developed. Plugin for TermWare system, which implements the concept of rewriting rules, was developed. The plugin represents an analyzer for C# using Roslyn platform and generates terms for TermWare system from source code. The work of software tool was illustrated on «Conway's Game of Life» - famous academic example. A comparison of the results of processing the implementation of the algorithm using the TermWare system and the Eazfuscator.NET library was given. The results were obtained by experiments on various data sizes. Speed of the program before and after modifications, the number of modifications required in the source code to work with the system was measured. The developed system and Eazfuscator.NET framework were tested on personal computer.
Big data metadata classification
No full textNow there are a lot of data of different structure (or not structured at all) and origin, their volumes are growing exponentially. The problem is the existing software and hardware are not able to cope with so many different types of data appearing with great speed. Big Data has become too complex and dynamic to process, store, analyze and manage with traditional tools. It caused the appearance of new platforms and approaches for working with data, and at the same time, an understanding of the fact that to solve big data problems, these raw data must be supplemented with metadata. Metadata in this case is a means of classifying, organizing, and characterizing data and its content. Their main advantage is an ordered structure. Due to it, metadata is readable not only by a person, but also by a computer. Thus, they can be processed automatically and used for indexing, searching, combining, automated processing, classification of big data, etc. The creation of effective metadata management systems, first of all, requires their coordinated general classification that take into account the types of data sources (methods of their obtaining) that form the content, tasks solved at different stages of the life cycle, existing formats of data presentation, principles of reasonable efficiency, since often metadata size significantly exceeds the amount of described data (even big). Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze existing sources of big data, methods for creating and processing the corresponding metadata, as well as software products that allow them to be processed in a certain way, and building the classification of metadata on the basis of the analysis.Problems in programming 2019; 4: 53-7