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Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. (Brassicaceae) – потенційний ергазіофіт флори України та Східної Європи
Get PDFObjective – to provide systematic, environmental and chorological information about Aubrieta genus (Brassicaceae) and A. deltoidea (L.) DC., as well as to assess the future prospects for the distribution of plants of this species in the climatic conditions of Ukraine.
Material and methods. Material from field observations of the authors, literature data and electronic resources regarding the genus Aubrieta and species A. deltoidea. The characteristic of the morphology of A. deltoidea was compiled from the results of the analysis of literature data and the study of herbarized specimens of the species used for the decoration of the “Gravel Garden” in the National Botanical Garden named after M.M. Gryshko of the NAS of Ukraine.
Results. A brief history of studies of the genus Aubrieta, its position in the main classical systems of Brassicaceae and the degree of kinship with other genera of the family, including Arabis L., according to molecular biological studies, as well as floristic data regarding the genus and species are set out. The ecological and biological specificity, peculiarities of distribution and cultivation of A. deltoidea in Ukraine and Eastern Europe have been determined.
Conclusion. Plants of A. deltoidea can be escape from culture and can form spontaneous populations in the climatic conditions of Ukraine. Consequently, the species is one of the potential ergaziophytes of the flora of Ukraine
Олександр фон Гумбольдт – основоположник фітогеографії (до 250-річчя від дня народження)
Get PDFObjective – to elucidate of life way, contribution to foundation and development of phytogeography, plant introduction and conservation of phytodiversity eminent German geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt.
Material and methods. Analysis of Humboldt’s scientific works and publications about his life and scientific works and publications about his life and scientific activities is made.
Results. Achievements of Alexander von Humboldt in development of natural sciences are regarded. The scientific activities as founder of physical geography, comparable climatology and phytogeography are characterized. Importance of Humboldt’s phytogeographical concepts for plant introduction and conservation of plant diversity are underlined.
Conclusion. Written in first half of XIX century scientific works of Alexander von Humboldt are actual in our time. These works are modern in interpretation of many phytogeographical problems
Спонтанна флора національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (м. Київ). Повідомлення 3. Адвентивні види: ергазіофіти
No full textObjective – to study the species composition and structure of spontaneous flora in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv).
Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2010–2018 on the territory of the Botanical Garden. We conducted an inventory of escaped plants according to generally accepted methods using our own developed selection criteria.
Results. The list of escaped plants of the spontaneous flora of the National Botanical Garden includes 143 taxa, which is 22.0 % of the total flora. More than 10 escaped plants are discovered outside the Botanical Garden in the adjoining areas of the city zone. An example of a successful expansion beyond the Botanical Garden is Corydalis caucasica. Among escaped plants there are both invasive plants (these species constitute the majority) and rare plants.
Conclusions. The total number of escaped plants in the National Botanical Garden constitutes a large percentage of the entire group of escaped plants in the urban flora of Kyiv, but was lower than expected. Probably this is due to rigid methodological criteria and peculiarities of introduction and cultivation of plants in the Botanical Garden. It has been established that only about 3.1 % of cultivated plants in Botanical Garden went beyond the boundaries of culture. In general, a group of escaped plants combines invasive plants that are threatening indigenous ecosystems, but also species that need protection
Застосування біологічних препаратів проти самшитової вогнівки (Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859))
No full textObjective – to investigate of the population density of box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859)) on Buxus sempervirens L. on the territory of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and determine the effect of the use biological preparations against this pest.
Material and methods. The object of the study was Cydalima perspectalis. Experimental work was carried out on the territory of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Gar den of the NAS of Ukraine. For evaluate the degree of damage to plants by Cydalima perspectalis, an original scale has been applied. The research was carried out during 2017—2018 with the use of biological pesticides: Lepidocide (100 ml/10 L of water), Bitoksibacillin (100 ml/10 L of water), Aktofit (100 ml/10 L of water). The standard version was taken by Decis (deltametrin) (1 g/10 L of water) and Mospilan (acetamiprid) (3 g/10 L of water). The prevalence and density of caterpillar populations, damage and effectiveness of the preparations were determined by generally accepted methods.
Results. In 2016 it was discovered the mass invasion of plants of the box by the new invasive kind of pest Cydalima perspectalis in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. It was investigated the cycle of development of these insects in Kyiv. The research of the effectiveness was carried out. It was developed an original scale for assessing the degree of damage to plants by Cydalima perspectalis. It was determined the effectiveness of biological pesticides and the best combination of its. It was proved expediency of the use of these drugs in the protection of plants of box tree from Cydalima perspectalis.
Conclusions. It was established that the treatment of plants with biological preparations Lepidocide (100 ml/ 10 L of water), Bitoxibacillin (100 ml/10 L of water) in combination with Aktofit (100 ml/10 L of water) is effective in protecting against Cydalima perspectalis. Recommended use of these biological pesticides in the protection against box tree moth in botanical gardens and arboretums
Means and methods of the unstructured data analysis
No full textAnalysis of the current trends in the unstructured text data wide usage and the development of software tools for their processing causes the high urgency of this research direction and the necessity of intelligent information systems in such processing. A signigicant part of Big Data consists of unstructured texts that require the further development of specific Text Mining and algorythms of machine learning. Unstructured data consisting of natural language text in the general case, do not have a predetermined data model. Their ambiguity, heterogeneity and context dependence considerably complicate the classification of documents, the identification of their components and the automated obtaining of user-oriented knowledge from their content, while the large volumes and dynamism of such data do not involve efficient manual processing. The means and methods of data structuring, their various software implementations are considered. The prospects of using background knowledge for such structuring are analyzed. The feasibility of application such W3C standards as RDF and OWL is substantiated. The use of semantic Wiki-technologies for development of distributed information resources simplifies the process of natural text structuring by users and also generates the source of background knowledge for the analysis of arbitrary texts of the corresponding domains. The models and methods proposed in the work allow to improve this process.Problems in programming 2019; 1: 57-7
Design of a terrain surface visualization program using algebra-algorithmic tools
No full textOne of the important challenges in meteorological forecasting is a computer visualization of prognosis data, in particular, three-dimensional modeling of terrain surface relief. One of the most popular software tools for developing data visualization applications is OpenGL, a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface for rendering two-dimensional and three-dimensional vector graphics. Data visualization is a fairly complex task, therefore it is necessary to develop special tools intended for automated generation of source code for such tasks. The paper deals with the further development of previously developed algebra-algorithmic tools in the direction of automated design and synthesis of OpenGL programs. Automated construction of programs is implemented using a high-level language based on Glushkov’s system of algorithmic algebra. The approach is illustrated on designing a terrain surface relief visualization program for weather forecasting task.
Формове різноманіття барбарису Тунберга (Berberis thunbergii DC.) у колекції та експозиціях Херсонського державного університету
No full textObjective — to evaluate the viability and decorativeness of introduced forms and hybrids of Berberis thunbergii DC. in collections and expositions of Kherson State University.
Materials and methods. The object of our study is decorative forms and hybrids of B. thunbergii and their viability in introduction collections and expositions founded in 2002–2005 in Botanical Garden of Kherson State University. We used traditional criteria for evaluating the viability and vital state of plants.
Results. We identified the cultivars of B. thunbergii in collections and expositions of Kherson State University, studied their biometrical characteristics, drought resistance and winter hardiness, viability and decorativeness under the conditions of southern arid steppe of Ukraine. The studied cultivars differ in their shape, habit of bushes, size of one-year shoots, leaf colouring, seed production, seed-renewing ability, and drought resistance. The maximal height of bushes reaches 230 cm (B. × ottawensis ‘Auricoma’), and the minimal one is 68 cm (B. thunbergii ‘Bananza Gold’) and 50 cm (B. thunbergii ‘Bagatelle’); the latter has also the smallest diameter of bushes —75–80 cm. The largest diameter of bushes (up to 300 cm) was found for two cultivars: B. × ottawensis ‘Superba’ and B. thunbergii ‘Red Roсket’. The length of one-year shoots strongly varies within a single bush, the biggest rate can reach 145 cm, the least – 1 cm. The studied cultivars essentially differ in number of renewing shoots (turions), which can reach up to 170 cm. We highlighted the six most promising forms, three interspecific hybrids, and one dwarf form for further using them in garden and park landscaping in Southern Ukraine.
Conclusion. Among 21 decorative cultivars of B. thunbergii, which were tested in conditions of Botanical Garden of Kherson State University, we highlighted the most promising ones for further using them in garden and park landscaping, namely ‘Green Carpet’, ‘Minor’, ‘Atropurpurea’, ‘Golden Ring’, ‘Red Roсket’, ‘Bagatelle’, interspecific hybrids B. × ottawensis ‘Superba’, ‘Pluriflora’, ‘Auricoma’
Innovative pedagogical computer technology optimization school community in the aspect of knowledge about the biosocial personality structure of its members
No full textThe article discusses modern computer technologies to support the functioning of the school collective on the basis of an individual-typological approach to improve the efficiency of training and preserve the biosocial health of its members. From the standpoint of the principles of integrity, consistency, dynamism, rhythmology and interdisciplinary, the sociopsychophysiological dynamic portrait of the collective, its individual adaptation information space (IAIS) – a rational environment for life (design), was considered. The technological scheme offers for consideration fundamentally new service components: the biosocial culture of the student (knowledge of his adaptation capabilities), monitoring for the constant harmonization of the collective, a personologist – interdisciplinary, more responsible for the psychological climate of the environment. Individually typological approach to understanding the mechanisms of individual (rather than average) human adaptation, the tandem "professional competence – biosocial culture" together with active computerization can become a "breakthrough moment" in modern human knowledge and humanity, thereby significantly increasing the level of economic potential and culture of the country.Problems in programming 2019; 4: 121-13
Спонтанна флора Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (м. Київ). Повідомлення 2. Методологічні проблеми і критерії виділення адвентивних ергазіофітів в умовах інтродукційного осередку
Get PDFObjective – to develop and implement criteria for the selection of escaped plants on the example of spontaneous flora of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv).
Material and methods. The object of the study is the taxonomic composition of the spontaneous flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. The research was conducted in 2010–2018 on the territory of the Botanical Garden.
Results. The definition of the term “escaped plants” in different sources is considered. The stage of the output of alien taxa outside the culture (sintering) in different classification scales of the process of acclimatization is analyzed. For the study of escaped plants in the spontaneous flora of the Botanical garden, a criterion for their selection was formulated. Examples of different groups of escaped plants in the spontaneous flora of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine are given.
Conclusions. In the easteuropean scientific literature the term “ergasiophytes” has become much wider than it in the primary source and is now mainly used for the definition of “escaped plants”. Within the spontaneous flora of “escaped plants”, synonymously are “runaways from culture”, and within the cultural flora are close to “introducents”. Until now, there are no unified methodological principles for conducting an escaped plants inventory in botanical gardens. The boundaries of their “out of the culture” have not been clearly defined. We have formulated the main criterion for the selection of “escaped plants”: the fixation of adult individuals of the taxa in two or more spontaneous locations outside the cultivation area and preferably not in the vicinity of it. This criterion was tested on the example of the spontaneous flora of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
Історичний аналіз інтродукції рослин і наукової діяльності: до 70-річчя ботаніко-географічної ділянки “Степи України” у Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
No full textObjective – analyze the history of plant introductions and scientific activities in the botanical and geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine for 70 years (1949–2019); highlight certain periods, establish their features.
Material and methods. The studies were conducted in 2015–2019. Processed and analyzed literary sources, reports and manuscripts that are relevant to the botanical and geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”.
Results. In 1949–1969 in the botanical and geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine”, for the first time, most species of steppe plants were introduced. In 1970–1990 investigated the biology, morphology, ornamental and medicinal qualities, ontogenesis of the introduced plants. Since 1991 the study of introduced populations of rare and endangered plant species has begun. In 2001–2019 introduction included the enrichment of the collection with new species, the replenishment of the number of individuals and the restoration of the lost rare species. Scientific activity has become intense. Various comprehensive studies were carried out – vegetation cover of the plot, introduction coenopopulations and the results of the introduction of plants, phytodiversity and other aspects.
Conclusions. In the history of plant introductions and scientific activities in the botanical and geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” for 70 years, four periods are distinguished: I (1949–1969) – large-scale, intensive primary introduction of most steppe plant species, II (1970–1990) – research of the biology, morphology, ontogenesis of the introduced plants, III (1991–2000) – the study of introduction populations of rare and endangered plant species, IV (2001–2019) – enrichment and replenishment of the collection of introduced plants, restoration of lost rare species; intensive scientific activity, various comprehensive researches