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Digitalis grandiflora Mill. у долині р. Ревна (Чернігівська обл.)
No full textObjective – to define the ecological and coenotic peculiarities of Digitalis grandiflora near the northern boundary of the area – in the valley of the River Revna; to compare the ontogenesis of plants in situ and ex situ.
Material and methods. Detection of the locations of D. grandiflora was carried out by the route method. Geobotanical descriptions were done within the identified populations. During the growing of plants ex situ, the necessary agrotechnical measures were carried out. The beginning of phenophase was recorded, if its features were observed in 50 % + 1 individuals. The dissociation of ontogeny into separate discrete ontogenetic states and the calculation of the ratio of individuals of different ontogenetic states were carried out. Methods of morphometry of plants and methods of mathematical statistics were used.
Results. D. grandiflora phytocoenotic habitats conditions are defined for the valley of the river Revna. The ontogenetic structure of D. grandiflora populations are determined. Phenological peculiarities, as well as the difference in the morphometric parameters of D. grandiflora in situ and ex situ are found out.
Conclusions. In the valley of the river Revna D. grandiflora occurs in light pine or birch and pine forests, which floristic composition is similar to forest margins. In culture the species shows an accelerated (for 1–2 weeks) passing of phenophases. According to morphometric indices, generative plants in situ and ex situ do not differ significantly
Інтродукційний прогноз як важлива складова проекту будівництва садів світу в Національному ботанічному саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України. Частина 1
No full textThe role and place of scientific forecasting in plant introduction and landscape construction have been considered in the historical sequence. Developed by our predecessors of the principle of “General prognosis” and its basic provisions, we put in the formation of prognostic apparatus of plant introduction. The forecast is considered as a theoretical basis and a necessary and initial stage of the introduction process. Scientific direction for anticipating the effects of plant relocation has not yet been fully formed, but there is no doubt that the introduction of prognostic technologies in botanical gardens and arboretums to identify the adaptive capacity of foreign plants to decorate the landscapes of new regions for them.
The historical aspect considers the importance of predicting the adaptive capacity of plants in the study of the natural and cultural heritage of the peoples. The world history of ethnobotany has been briefly analyzed, which has given impetus to the dissemination of this field of research in the botanical institutions of Ukraine, M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine has become a leading exposition agency on this principle.
Particular attention is paid to the selection of forecasting methods for the creation of ethnobotanical exposures. Since there are dozens of such diverse methods, the principles and system of their classification are outlined. According to the adopted scheme are analyzed: classical methods of plant introduction, which have prognostic value; non-common extrapolation forecasting methods; physiological, biochemical and genetic prerequisites for introduction; features of introductory forecasting for plants of protected soil; interpolation methods; methods of mathematical modeling.
The need to create a database of forecasting methods is explained. Their algorithms and basic requirements for the database are presented. The use of the Electronic Expert System of Forecasting Methods gives information about the existing methods of forecasting and helps to choose the optimal introduction of the experiment in the specific conditions. The practical implementation of the aforementioned methods we have tried and their modifications for the creation of World Gardens will be discussed in the second part of the article
Software system for analyzing cloudiness based on satellite observations
No full textThe article presents software system for analyzing cloudiness indicators in Ukraine based on satellite observations. This system was developed using an online dialog designer for automated workflow design based on algebra-algorithmic and ontological tools ODWF. The workflow for the implementation of the task was designed for Apache Oozie and distributed platform Apache Hadoop. In order to support scalability and optimize the processing of large volumes of satellite images, the Apache Spark framework was used to implement image analysis. An experiment was conducted to run the developed workflow on a different number of Apache Spark threads, the results of which demonstrated a good efficiency of calculation parallelization. It is shown that the results obtained during the experiment at a qualitative level are in good agreement with the data of long-term ground-based observations and actual observational data.Problems in programming 2019; 3: 116-12
Methods and tools for extracting personal data from theses abstracts
No full textThe problem of extraction of data about a person from scarce data collection is studied. The data collections are public resources on the internet. When these data are collected and parsed they present additional value for users. Collecting such data is problematic because of it’s weak structure restrictions. Thus the system is suggested to automate information gathering and parsing. The initial task is to process personal data from thesis documents publicly available on the internet. This data presents information about scientists which can’t be obtained from other sources. The goal is to be able to make requests to the data having its semantics in mind and not only plain text.The prototype system is developed with PHP and XPath able to collect raw documents from digital repository of National Library of Ukraine by V. I. Vernadskiy. The system also extracts data from the collected documents and stores them locally in RDF data model suitable for specific data and for future exposition to the Semantic Web. The collection of more than 63000 documents was processed to test the system.
Using metadata to resolve big data problems
No full textToday, the volumes of data used by application systems are growing exponentially and have reached such sizes that they cannot be processed by traditional systems. So the term "Big data" appeared. The main problems of such data sets are associated, first of all, not only with their volumes, but also with the variety and complexity of the information they contain. Thus, along with the growth of data volumes and the number of big data initiatives, the metadata become the most important priority for the success of large data projects. Enterprises understand that the full use of the operational potential of machine learning, in-depth learning and artificial intellect requires the unprocessed data was supplemented with metadata. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the effect of metadata to solving the big data problems, determine the main categories of data to be annotated by metadata, and the main types of metadata used for this. Today, metadata is a means of classifying, organizing, and characterizing data or its contents. Depending on the role they play in solving big data problems, NISO identifies four main types of metadata: administrative, descriptive, structural, and markup languages. Different types of metadata can be used in a certain way to effectively solve problems of management, search, data integration, etc. A separate issue is the way of their creation/automatic generation, since the manual creation of metadata is a laborious process, and their volume is often several times larger than the volume of the data itself.
Basics of programming in the context of software engineering
No full textThe article discusses the use of a constructive approach to building a program that is systematically cultivated in software engineering and made possible by a number of fundamental results obtained in programming theory. On the first, based on the structural theorem, reasonably was refused to use the go to operator and proposed a structured programming method, which provided a real way to create understandable programs. On the second, the concept of a subroutine, although it was used only to reduce routine work in the programming process, was the first means of modular presentation of programs. Later, the block and the subroutine formed the basis of block-oriented (procedural, subroutine) languages and the procedural (subroutine) programming method. In the third, to answer questions related to the definition of boundaries, sizes, and building module, the concept of connecting parts that make up a module and connections to indicate the connection between modules; specific modularization criteria; proposed a device module based on the concept of information hiding were introduced. The module is implemented in the programming language Modula, and later Modula-2. The concept of a module based on the modular (compositional) programming method. In the Simula 67 language, the foundations of object-oriented languages were introduced. They developed through the work on the concepts of inheritance, late binding and links, and were completed by the development of object-oriented languages and object-oriented (classification) programming. Thus, a framework for reuse, systematic reuse and component software development was created. Now these works are developing in the direction of research and creation of software as system of systems, using the link between system analysis and software engineering, and developing software system engineering. In the article, for learning the basics of programming, as a tool that allows clarifying the concept of program design, classification is used. As a classification feature - the level of encapsulation, which is based on the principles of software engineering – encapsulation and multi-level presentation -, is used. Applying the principle of encapsulation at different levels of representation program structure corresponding to different degrees of software abstraction, the concept of encapsulation level was obtained. Using this concept, you can find out the types of software constructions and the corresponding methods of programming (construction) programs. Using introduced the concepts and the constructive approach to building the program, the author created the didactics of the basics of programming, which was deployment through lectures for students of the specialty “Software Engineering” (121) and a textbook of the author for students and post-graduate students of the specialty.Problems in programming 2019; 3: 45-5
Вплив кремнієвмісних мінералів і сумішей на їх основі на алелопатичний режим прикореневого ґрунту під 30-річними насадженнями яблуні та персика
Get PDFObjective – to study the effect of the application of siliceous minerals and organomineral mixtures on their basis to improve allelopathic regime of the rhizosphere soil under 30-year apple and peach trees in the model laboratory experiments.
Material and methods. The object of the study is the rhizosphere soil collected from under the 30-year-old apple and peach trees of the collections of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine at the phase of bud formation. Siliceous minerals and mixtures based on them were applied at a concentration of 1 : 1000 and incubated in the soil for 5 months. Before the experiments started, the content of nutrients, humus and pH of soil solution had been determined. During the incubation period, the allelopathic activity of the soil was determined every two weeks by direct bioassay technique. The content of free phenolic compounds in the soil solution was analyzed after 14 and 104 days after the start of the experiment. Statistical analysis was conducted using the programs Statistica 10.0 and Microsoft Excel 7.0.
Results. It was established that all investigated minerals and mixtures on their basis contributed to the reduction of phytotoxicity of the soil and the content of free phenolic compounds in the soil solution. The effect size positively correlated with the term of their incubation in the soil. The mixture of peat with tripoli in the ratio of 70 : 30 was the most effective in improving the allelopathic regime of soil from under the old apple and peach plantings.
Conclusion. The prospects of application of siliceous minerals mixed with peat and sapropel to overcome allelopathic soil sickness in 30-year-old apple and peach plantings have been shown
Automated design of OpenCL programs based on algebra-algorithmic approach
No full textFurther progress in improving the quality of parallel software development is linked to the use of heterogeneous architectures of parallel computing systems. Heterogeneous parallel systems, in particular, include hybrid computing platforms combining the use of central and graphics processing units. One of the facilities for programming such systems is OpenCL. The paper proposes the further development of previously developed algebra-algorithmic tools in the direction of automated design and synthesis of OpenCL programs. The particular feature of the proposed approach consists in using a high-level language based on Glushkov’s system of algorithmic algebra. The approach is illustrated on the development of a parallel interpolation algorithm, which is the part of the numerical weather forecasting program. The results of the experiment consisting in executing of the generated OpenCL program on a graphics processing unit are given. The program is compared with the implementation for CUDA platform. Problems in programming 2019; 1: 27-3
Спонтанна флора Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (м. Київ). Повідомлення 1. Аборигенні види
Get PDFObjective – to study the species composition and structure of spontaneous flora in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv).
Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2010–2018 on the territory of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
Results. A summary of the indigenous fraction of the spontaneous flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden consisting of 385 taxa, is about 59 % of the total studied flora. 7 species, including rare ones, should be con sidered to have disappeared from the natural flora of the Botanical garden. Populations of several rare local flora species exist today and their conservation are important.
Conclusions. The indigenous fraction of the spontaneous flora of Botanical garden includes relatively many species. The great landscape diversity of the Botanical garden with natural ecotops for such a state of flora is important, as well as the general species richness of the surrounding ecosystems in the region. The nature protection role of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden is extremely important, as indigenous flora of the RightBank of ForestSteppe is preserved on its territory. In the future repatriation of the lost populations of several disappeared rare in digenous species will be promising here