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Результати інвентаризації видів роду Spiraea L. із колекції дендропарку “Олександрія” НАН України
Get PDFObjective – to study of the taxonomic composition of the genus Spiraea L. of the dendropark Oleksandria collection according to the inventory data of 2018.
Material and methods. Objects: species, hybrids and forms of the genus Spiraea from collection of Dendropark Olexandria, created by the method of the F. Rusanov generic complex (1971) during 1950–2010 in plots “Fruticetum”, “Rare plants” and planted in the landscapes compositions of the Dendropark. The history of the formation of the collection was studied by catalogs of tree plants of Dendropark Olexandria in 1996 and 2013. The taxonomic composition was analyzed according to the monograph “Tavolgi” (Spiraea L.) (2008) and “The check list of Dendroexotics of Ukraine” (2016). The degree of winter-hardiness is measured by the S. Sokolov 8-point scale (1957), drought-resistance – by the S. Pyatnitsky 6-point scale (1961).
Results. According to the catalog of tree plants in 1996, the collection of taxa of the genus Spiraea counts 20 species and 6 hybrids; in the catalog of 2013 there are 17 species, 6 hybrids and 7 forms. The first species that was included into the collections of the Dendropark in 1950 was Spiraea flexuosa Fisch. ex Cambess. During 1956–1965 the collection was replenished with 18 taxa, from 2000 to 2010 – with 1 species and 10 forms. At present it counts 15 species, 5 hybrids and 9 forms, which belong to 4 sections: Glomerati, Chamaedryon, Spiraea, Calospira.
Conclusions. The history of the introduction of species of the genus Spiraea of the Dendropark Olexandria collection dates back to the late 1950’s. Plants of all taxa form parterre in park landscape compositions and collections. They have achieved generative development; they are winter-hardy and drought-tolerant. Endemic Spiraea polonica Block., introduced in 2004 from a natural habitat, form an introductive population in the forest phytocenosis of the Dendropark, expanding due to the root growth
Фітотехнологічні засади боротьби з алелопатичною ґрунтовтомою у монокультурних насадженнях Syringa vulgaris L.
Get PDFObjective – to analyze the effect of brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) and tyfon (Brassica campestris f. biennis DC. × B. rapa L.) as green-manure on the physiological state of plants, allelopathic and biochemical characteristics of the soil in monoculture conditions of lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.).
Material and methods. Seedlings of lilac were grown for 18 months under greenhouse conditions in pots with gray forest soil after monoculture of S. vulgaris. Biomass of brown mustard and tyfon was added to the soil jointly and separately in different concentrations (2.5 and 5.0 % by soil weight). The allelopathic activity, redox potential, the content of phenolic compounds and humus in soil, the concentration of the main photosynthetic pigments in leaves and seedlings growth were determined.
Results. Application of green-manure contributed to increased humification, reduced soil phytotoxicity and the content of phenolic compounds, optimization of redox processes, increased chlorophyll and carotenoids concentrations in the leaves, and stimulation of seedlings growth. The formation of adaptive reactions of the pigment complex aimed at stabilizing the photosynthetic apparatus was found.
Conclusion. The positive influence of brown mustard and tyfon as green-manure on the allelopathic and biochemical characteristics of the soil, as well as the physiological state of S. vulgaris plants in the conditions of the allelopathic soil sickness was established
A method of two-tier storage management in virtualized data center
No full textInternet of things applications and data analysis services require a high performance and resilient data storage systems. In the era of servers, networks and storage virtualization, there is a need to develop new models and methods of managing storages for the purpose of improving their performance and reducing the capital and operating costs of the IT infrastructure as a whole. In this paper the two-tier storage model and management method are proposed. The proposed method allows to increase the performance of read/write operations of virtual machines in cloud data centers without significant increase in the storage cost. The research results show that the use of two-tier storage management method allows to reduce the cost of storage by reducing the size and number of storage devices at the fastest level. The analysis of the simulation results shows that the two-tier storage and the proposed management method allows to reduce the waiting time for file access, that leads to an increase in the performance of the two-tier storage while simultaneously serving virtual machine and container requests. Problems in programming 2018; 4: 003-01
Information Technology for Computer Systems Applied Software Development and Usage Cost expert-analytical estimation
No full textNew Roles of Cost Estimates of Computer Systems (CS) Applied Software (AS) development and usage within CS successful development (modernization) are identified. These roles are Rationales and Means for Decisions coordination concerning CS Value and life cycle (LC) Cost balancing that satisfies all CS stakeholders.To enable these Roles Methods for AS Cost estimating unification is substantiated under CS LC specifics (LC evolutionary models diversity, (non)developmental ready-to-use items usage, CS and AS requirements volatility, their tightening for efficiency, reliability and security). Within the expert-analytical approach for AS Cost Estimation initiated by the authors the unification tool, named as an Information Technology for formalized Cost estimation Problem multiple informed solving over LC with AS expert assessments within their common information environment, is provided. The Technology unifies the authors' techniques for AS development/ annual maintenance Cost evaluating with COCOMO II.2000.4 model and approved methods (universal and special for defense CS) within the author's methodology of Diagnostic Expertise. Technology components are described: open AS and AS LC models Classifiers; mathematical Methods (for expert assessing, AS efforts evaluating, its transforming into cost up to regulations, forming/refining efforts regression models); Methods Applicability to AS Function; Sub-models of AS Cost expert assessing and experts selecting Processes.Elaborated Technology accelerates and cheapens AS Cost estimation due improving its methods based on their results and unifying procedures. It provides all CS and AS LC participants in timely manner with sound, adequately specialized and compatible Cost estimates facilitating Decisions substantiality and informational consistency concerning CS development (modernization) rational processes as well as keeping those processes’ efficiency acceptable for all stakeholders.Problems in programming 2018; 4: 15-29
TermWare3 – term rewriting system, based on context-term calculus
No full textIn this paper, the design of the TermWare-3 rewriting system which is built on the ground of reflective calculus of context term is considered. In the calculus of the context term, term structure contains not only tree, but a reference to an internal context and matching constrains (external context). This allows to embed operation of name resolving into the mathematical semantics of the term rewriting. The elements of algebra are multiterms, which complement context terms by constructions of arrows, universal matching pattern and consistent set. This allows to emulate substitutions of typed variables in the terms of multiterm algebra. Also, the method of effective rule dispatch is described. Example of usage term rewriting system for checking of smart-contract properties, with automatic transformation of expression between representation in terms of Scala algebraic types and TermWare-3 context terms is shown. Problems in programming 2019; 1: 48-5
A simulator of mechanisms of long-term control of human hemodynamics
No full textA computer simulator (CS) of the physiological mechanisms of long-term control of the state of human cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed. The bases of CS are quantitative mathematical models (MM) describing: a) the effects of the central renin-angiotensin system on the characteristics of the CVS; b) the dynamics of the total blood volume. Test studies of MM in offline mode showed the adequacy of the models. It is planned to combine this model with the previously created model simulating the urgent regulation of CVS. Based on the integrated model, specialized software technology will be developed to support computer simulations on various aspects of the physiology of the healthy person’s blood circulation. A special simulation study should identify the causes of different scenarios for the development of hypertension. The program is written in C ++17.Problems in programming 2019; 4: 111-12
Relations of logical consequence in logics of partial predicates with composition of predicate complement
No full textIn this paper we study software-oriented logics of partial predicates with new special non-monotonic operation (composition) of the predicate complement. We denote these logics by LC and composition of the predicate complement by . Such operations are used in various versions of the Floyd-Hoare program logic with partial pre- and post-conditions. We describe first order composition algebras and LC languages. For LC, a number of logical consequence relations (Pc|=T, Pc|=F, Rc|=T, Rc|=F, Pc|=TF, Rc|=TF, Pс|=IR) and logical consequence relations under the conditions of undefinedness (P|=T^, P|=F^, R|=T^, R|=F^, P|=TF^, R|=TF^) are specified. Properties of the defined relations are investigated, differences and the relationship between them are given. For the introduced relations, we describe the conditions for their guaranteed presence, the decomposition conditions for formulas and the properties of quantifier elimination. The theorem of elimination of the conditions of undefinedness for the relations |=T^ and |=F is proved. Thus, the relations P|=T^, P|=F^, R|=T^ and R|=F^ can be expressed by Pc|=T, Pc|=F, Rc|=T and Rc|=F respectively. However, it is shown that |=IR^ cannot be expressed by Pс|=IR. Moreover, it is impossible to define correctly the decomposition conditions for formulas for Pс|=IR. Properties of decomposition conditions for formulas are different for the relations |=T and |=F, therefore properties of decomposition and equivalent transformations must be specified indirectly through the corresponding properties of |=T and |=F. First order sequent calculi for the introduced logical consequence relations for LC and logical consequence relations under the conditions of undefinedness will be constructed in in the forthcoming articles.Problems in programming 2019; 3: 11-2
Зміна забарвлення і вмісту фотосинтетичних пігментів у різновіковій хвої Picea pungens Engelm. в умовах міських насаджень
Get PDFObjective – is to analyze the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the 1–4-year-old blue-coloured needles of Picea pungens Engelm. trees in street plantings of Kryvyi Rih city exposed to emissions of large metallurgical combine as well growing in non-polluted dwelling blocks of the city.
Material and methods. We divided the trees into three groups at the age of less than 30 years, depending on the needle colouring: I – grey-blue, II – blue-green, III – weakly blue. The pigments of the needles were extracted by dimethyl sulfoxide, and the quantity of chlorophyll and carotenoids was defined using the spectrophotometer SF-2000.
Results. In all three groups, the highest content of chlorophylls a and b as well their sum was revealed in one-yearold needles (the maximum value was in the trees of the first group), the lowest one was in four-year-old needles. Blue colouring of the needles decreases with age, especially in 3–4-year-old needles of the trees from the second and the third groups. The content of carotenoids increases with the age of the needles, the maximum is in four-year-old ones. Emissions of the metallurgical combine influence blue colouring of 2–4-year-old needles, decreasing its intensity; but this characteristics, firstly, depends on genotype peculiarities of the plants.
Conclusions. P. pungens with blue-coloured needles is stable and highly decorative in conditions of a large industrial city of the steppe zone, therefore it has good perspectives to be used widely for greening of settlements in this zone
Історичні аспекти інтродукції та селекції витких троянд роду Rosa L. у світі та Україні
Get PDFObjective – to explore the history of the introduction and selection of climbing roses of the genus Rosa L. in the world and Ukraine, find out the main periods in the history of cultivation of these plants and identify the most important introduction and selection centers.
Material and methods. In the process of studying literary sources historical-scientific method was used. Problem-chronological method provided a sequence of presentation of the material.
Results. In the history of the introduction of roses, one of the main factors was the attraction to the culture of wild agrestic rosehip species. This process lasted quite a long time (five centuries), but had very positive consequences for the future development of roses and climbing particulars. The most intense exchange of plants occurred in the period of the great geographical discoveries, starting from the XV century. Long before New Era, roses were cultivated in China and India, in countries of the Middle East and Asia Minor. From there, with the flourishing of trade in the ancient period they penetrated into ancient Greece, and in subsequent centuries into the countries of Western Europe. The introduction of Sino-Chinese plants into the botanical gardens of Europe began in the first half of the XVIII century and reached its peak in the 40s–60s of the XIX century. During the XVII–XIX centuries and at the beginning of the XX century, significant amount of wild rose was brought from Southeast Asia, but the most important ancestors of climbing roses that originate from Asia are: R. chinensis Jacq., R. lucieae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crep., R. multiflora Thunb., R. moschata Herrm.
Based on the analysis of the history of the selection of climbing roses in the world, three main periods can be distinguished: the last is the period of prehistory by 1875; the present – from 1875 to 1967, the modern – from 1967. Intensive selection work with roses in Europe began in the XVIII century. Wide-scale work was carried out in France, Germany, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Denmark. The revolution in the formation of a new assortment of climbing roses produced R. multiflora and R. wichuriana Crep. Barbier (France) breeders in Jackson, Perkins and Brownelló in the USA achieved particularly significant results in the selection of Vihurayan roses in France. M.A. Gartvis, M.D. Kostetskiy, V.M. Klimenko, Z.K. Klimenko, K.I. Zykov made a significant contribution to the development of domestic breeding. As a result of the tremendous work done by the breeders, a worldwide assortment of climbing roses has been created, which now numbers thousands of varieties.
Conclusions. The early periods of the introduction of climbing roses in the world (the initial and the period of intensive introduction) are analyzed. It was revealed that R. moschata has long been used in climbing gardens in the Middle East countries, and in the United States (since 1759) the East Asian species R. laevigata. During the period of active involvement of Sino-Chinese plants R. multiflora (1868) was introduced into Europe’s botanical gardens. According to results of studying the history of culture and the experience of introduction of climbing roses of the genus Rosa in Ukraine, the main introduction centers have been identified. The study of the history of the selection of climbing roses in the world and in Ukraine and the analysis of the stages of the selection process with climbing roses made it possible to identify outstanding breeders who have made significant contributions to the development of selection and the creation of varieties of climbing roses
Онтоморфогенез окремих видів роду Primula L. у культурі в умовах Північного Лісостепу України
Get PDFObjective – to study ontomorphogenesis and morphological features of the species of the genus Primula L. introduced in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine and interspecific hybrids of their own selection in connection with their great promise for ornamental horticulture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The material of research was seeds and plants of introduced species (P. denticulata Sm., P. saxatilis Kom., P. veris L., P. vulgaris Huds., P. woronowii Losinsk.) and interspecific hybrids of the own selection of the group P. pruhonicensis hybrids. The periodization of ontogenesis and the allocation of quality indicators to establish the age of the plants was carried out on the basis of morphological analysis in accordance with the methodological guidelines of I.P. Ignatieva and A.A. Uranov. The life forms of plants were determined according to the classification of I.G. Serebryakov and K. Raunkier. Morphological descriptions were carried out in accordance with the atlases of descriptive morphology of higher plants of Z.T. Artyushenko, M.E. Kirpichnikov and A.A. Fedorov.
Results. The features of individual growth and development of five species and interspecific hybrids of their own selection in culture in the conditions of the northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are investigated. The mass of 1000 seeds, depending on the taxon, varies from 0.05 to 1.23 g, the similarity of seeds is 51.6–98.6 %. During the first year of vegetation, individuals pass through age states from the germ to virginal state. In the virgin state, plants overwinter and develop during the second year of the growing season. In the spring of the third year they reach the generative period. On the 6–8 years of the growing season, the first signs of dying off of the rhizome appear, the plants gradually pass into the postgeneration period.
Conclusions. It has been established that P. denticulata, P. saxatilis, P. veris, P. vulgaris, P. woronowii, P. pruhonicensis, under culture conditions, has a full cycle, they set high-grade seeds. The viability of the seed depends on the biological characteristics of the species and its storage conditions. In the process of development from seed to generative individuals, plants pass through all age states and differ in morphological features, biometric parameters and rates of passage through the various stages of the life cycle. Indicator signs of age conditions are: for germ – cotyledons, tap and lateral roots; for juvenile individuals – juvenile leaves, an additional roots; for immature – leaves are similar in shape to adult plants, winged petiole, epiogenic rhizome, and fibrous root system; for virginal individuals, the leaves are characteristic of adult plants; lateral buds of regeneration. The ontogeny of life forms of plants varies: the germ – with tap roots monopodial with the growth of the shoot, juvenile and immature individuals – mixed root system with monopodial growth rhizome, virginal – clustering-shaped root with monopodial or sympodial growth of rhizome, generative individuals – short-rhizome herbaceous perennials