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Context WEB-services matching as a means of search query. Ontological approaches
No full textMatching is integral part of all web services tasks. The effective implementation of the process of matching services with a search query, or with each other, ensures successful resolving of the problems of service discovery, building the best coverage of the search query and a complex composite service that implements the business task. All web services have own characteristics, solve different problems, use different methods, but they all also have a certain set of characteristics: functional and process models, formal description language, communication protocol, a common set of element types, such as identifiers, service messages, parameters and etc. This allows to classify services in a certain way, the analysis of these characteristics permits to define the elements and aspects of the comparison process. Today there is a huge number of services, and their number is constantly growing, and the process of services discovery is very complex and multifaceted. It should take into account the structural, syntactic, but, first of all, the semantic suitability of services, to ensure their comparative analysis according to the maximum possible number of characteristics that are significant for matching. It should be step-by-step process and it has be designed in such a way that each step reduces the set of candidates, leaving services with a greater degree of compliance. This requires algorithms that return quantitative estimates for each step, each type of matching, and algorithms that effectively generalize these estimates to define the final values of the proximity of services and the request. These researches are devoted to problems of using the descriptive logics formalisms for web services matching by their contexts, which, as a rule, contain information about the services purposes, the area of use, business functions, etc. That is, it is information representing the semantics of the service, but in text form, that is not convenient for automated processing. There are many studies that try to solve this problem by applying standard text analysis methods to contextual service descriptions. This study proposes an ontological approach to matching web services by context. It is determined the extension of the previously proposed the top-level service DL ontology. It also involves the use of a special ontology of the general textual service description, a fragment of the taxonomy of which is presented in the paper. This ontology should cover all important semantic aspects of contextual descriptions. It have not only promote to determining the matching a service and a request, but it also have to allow semantically categorizing the available services: by subject area, implemented functions, etc.Problems in programming 2020; 2-3: 39-4
Карпологічні особливості Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae Juss.) флори України
No full textThe objective of this study was to carry out macro- and micromorphological studies of fruits and seeds of representatives of the genus Lonicera of the flora of Ukraine (both natural and introduced), to clarify their features, to provide additional characteristics and to evaluate the possibility of using carpological features for the diagnosis of taxa of the genus.
Material and methods. Materials of the National Herbarium of the M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (KW) and Herbarium of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (KWHA) were used, as well as samples from living plants from the collections of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden and O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden. The citations are given by the original text of the labels. The fruits and seeds of seven species of the genus (four are introduced, and the other are species of natural flora), which are listed in “Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist”, have been studied. Morphological features of fruits and seeds were studied under the light microscope (LM, MBS-9) and scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6060 LA). Samples were sprayed with a layer of gold according to the standard method. The study was conducted at magnification from ×30 to ×3000. Descriptions of fruits and seeds were performed using terminology, summarized in specialized papers. Fruit and seed sizes were measured using Axio Vision Rel. 4.8.
Results. The fruits of Lonicera species are free or adnate at the base, surrounded by, for the most part, free bracteoles. A pseudocarp of L. caerulea is formed of the bracteoles of paired flowers concrescent in a tubular cupule, which completely and tightly wraps free paired fruits. The L. nigra has an uneven concrescent of the bracteoles that freely surround the paired fruits, which have concrescent only at the base. The fruits of the species Lonicera are black and dark blue, or red and yellow. The fruits of subgenus Periclymenum (L. caprifolium, L. etrusca, L. periclymenum) are free and spherical. The subgenus Chamaecerasus species’ fruits are mainly spherical, but in some species the fruits are also hemispherical, elliptical and elongated (L. caerulea, L. tatarica). Fruits in this subgenus are free (L. caerulea, L. tatarica) or coalescent at the base (L. nigra, L. xylosteum). All the studied species are characterized by glabrous fruits, except fruits of L. xylosteum that are pubescent with glandular and simple hairs. The seeds are elliptical, ovoid, nearly spherical, flat, concave on one side and convex on the other side, with a recess on the periphery and a crest in the center, at the base they are mainly narrow-rounded. All species of the section Eucaprifolium and one species of the section Coeloxylosteum have truncated seeds. The surface of the seeds is almost similar and pitted; in L. xylosteum it is shallow-pitted; in L. nigra it is tubercular-pitted. In some species, the seed surface is pitted, and also flat cells are present.
Conclusions. Based on the results of a critical review of literature materials and analysis of own data, the detailed characteristics of fruits and seeds of the representatives of the genus Lonicera within the flora of Ukraine have been compiled. These characteristics are useful for more accurate identification of fruiting Lonicera plants. The species of the subgenus Periclymenum have exclusively free fruits, while the fruits in the subgenus Chamaecerasus are free or coalescent at the base. The features of color and shape of the fruits and seeds, the peculiarities of pubescence of the fruits, are suggested to be used to distinguish L. caerulea, L. caprifolium, L. etrusca, L. nigra, L. periclymenum, L. tatarica, and L. xylosteum. Analysis of the microstructure of the surface of the seeds revealed that there no features that can be used as diagnostic at the level of subsections, sections, and subgenera. However, seeds microstructure showed some differences at the species level
Представники родини Rosaceae Juss. у декоративних насадженнях різного структурно-функціонального типу у м. Кривий Ріг (Дніпропетровська обл.)
No full textThe objective of this study was to define the diversity of Rosaceae representatives in parks and squares of Kryvyi Rih city and to evaluate their vitality, longevity, and perspectives of a further application for landscaping of the region.
Material and methods. The object of our study were Rosaceae plantings in parks and garden squares of Kryvyi Rih. We used visual, morphometric, and statistical methods.
Results. In the parks and squares of Kryvyi Rih, family Rosaceae is the most diverse – it is represented by 43 species, five hybrids, and five cultivars, which together belong to 20 genera. The most represented genera are Spiraea (seven taxa), Sorbus (five), Cotoneaster (four), Malus (four), Padus (four), and Prunus (four), while the rest of genera comprises from one to three taxa. The geographic analysis suggests a significant prevalence of species from East-Asian (36.5 %) and Circumboreal (34.6 %) regions. According to the distribution of life forms, there is some predominance of shrubs; they represent 56 % of the total number of Rosaceae. With regard to height classes, trees of the third class of size (34.6 %) and undersized shrubs (25 %) prevail. As for age structure, 20–40-year-old shrubs and trees (about 70 %) predominate. The highest level of the vital state is noted for 60 % of plants of this family, the average level – for 30 %, and low level – for 10 %. 72 % of evaluated plants were classified as highly decorative and 28 % as decorative. In the future, enrichment of plantings of the region may be carried out by using the collection stock of arboreal plants of Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine, comprising about 350 species, varieties, and cultivars of 31 genera of the family Rosaceae.
Conclusions. Most of the investigated Rosaceae plants, in conditions of a large industrial city located in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, were characterized by high viability and decorativeness. Hence, these plants deserve to be more widely used for the greening of cities and towns of the Right-Bank of the Steppe zone of Ukraine
Морфоструктура цибулин Oxalis incarnata
No full textThe morphostructure of the bulbs of Oxalis incarnata in the conditions of dormancy and the plant’s growth and development are described. The plants were grown in two irrigation modes: 1) with regular irrigation during the year, and 2) with limited irrigation in March-October and without irrigation in November-February. The bulbs were analyzed by way of consequent detaching of the scales. Investigated bulbs always had four fleshy scales, while the number of coriaceous and membranous scales varied. Coriaceous scales, together with two fleshy outer scales, make a protective envelope of the bulb.The overground shoot of O. incarnata, just like in other species of the genus, demonstrates monopodial growth and can produce up to five levels of lateral branches. Elongated parts of overground shoots serve for new territories’ useful occupation, while shortened parts produce new particles. Resting buds (bulbils) of three types were observed in O. incarnata: underground axillary buds, overground axillary gemmae, and terminal gemma. Our investigations showed polyvariance both of organogenesis of the resting buds and ontogenesis of plants in general, depending on irrigation regimes. In the case of limited irrigation, the plants of O. incarnata shed the leaves and can produce terminal gemma. While in the case of regular irrigation during the year, they remain evergreen and form gemmae exclusively in the leaves’ axils. We did not observe the formation of terminal gemmae in the case if axillary gemmae were present.The root system of O. incarnata has a complex structure. It consists of two crowns of the filamentary roots, contractile roots, and additional adventitious roots located along the underground part of the shoot during its growth. Such structure of the root system probably ensures better absorption of the water
Вплив посухи на алелопатичні властивості Pinus sylvestris L.
No full textThe objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of drought on the allelopathic activity of Pinus sylvestris L. plants at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The choice of study objects was due to their habitat: plants of P. sylvestris grew in compliance with the necessary agricultural technology, including regular irrigation at site one (control) and in the conditions of drought at site two that models natural ecosystems (experiment). The allelopathic activity of leaves and soil was determined. In the model experiments, Lepidium sativum ‘Azhur’, Triticum aestivum ‘Poliska 90’, Amaranthus caudatum ‘Rothschwanz’ were applied as the test plants.
Results of the current study revealed that the allelopathic potential of needles and rhizosphere soil of P. sylvestris depend not only on the species but also on the drought conditions. The inhibitory effect was stronger against root elongation than shoot elongation of seedlings.
Conclusion. This study provides laboratory-based evidence of the allelopathic effect of P. sylvestris exudates under drought stress on model plants. Studies showed that the plants that were grown under conditions of lower soil moisture exhibit a more substantial inhibitory effect or slightly stimulate the growth of test objects in comparison with plants that had a better water supply. This testifies to the relationship between soil moisture and seasonal allelopathic activity of the plants
Sedum pallidum (Crassulaceae) – чужорідний вид флори рівнинної частини України
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the current distribution of Sedum pallidum in Ukraine, to analyze its state in the alien flora of Ukraine.
Material and methods. The studies were conducted in 2008–2019 in the plain part of Ukraine and the Crimean Mountains. Literature information, several national herbarium collections, and other sources were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the delimitation of synanthropic locations of S. pallidum from cultural ones.
Results. S. pallidum is a sub-euxine species, which range occupies the Crimean Mountains. It is widely cultivated throughout Ukraine and is prone to naturalization, thanks to its vegetative and generative reproduction. In general, about 30 synanthropic locations of S. pallidum have been recorded, mainly in the Middle Prydniprovia and Western Ukraine. Urban lawns and roadsides on light substrates are favorable ecological niches for S. pallidum.
Соnclusions. S. pallidum is the alien species in the flora of the plain part of Ukraine and ergasiophyte in its origin. A potential secondary synanthropic range of this species occupies the whole country except the Carpathian highlands. It has been established that S. pallidum in the culture of the Forest-Steppe is a perennial herb. Two races identified in its composition (var. pallidum and var. bithynicum) are probably ecads and have no systematic importance. In the culture, S. pallidum is characterized by successful vegetative and generative reproduction, which contributes to its naturalization. S. pallidum is often confused with other species of the genus, which does not contribute to its study in adventive floras. A key for S. pallidum determination has been proposed
Коротке повідомлення щодо поточного статусу й охорони таксонів темнокорих беріз в Україні та пропоновані зміни до наступного видання Червоної книги України
No full textRecently in Ukraine, there were many discussions about proposed changes to the next edition of the Red Book of Ukraine. Kingdom Plantae. In this short communication, we clarify one particular aspect within the discussions concerning the proposition to exclude dark-barked birch Betula obscura from the next edition of the Red Book of Ukraine. It is argued by the new research data obtained and published during last years, and which provide evidence that there is no reason to treat B. obscura as a separate species because it represents only one of at least two different dark-barked birch forms of two widely distributed birch species in Ukraine (B. pendula f. obscura and B. pubescens f. sibakademica), respectively. Therefore, the proposition to exclude B. obscura from the next edition of the Red Book of Ukraine is reasonable since it is aimed to protect plants on the species level only
Морфо-анатомічна адаптація листків окремих видів Veronica до посушливих умов
No full textThis study’s objective was to evaluate the adaptive potential of the leaves of Veronica (V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata) in the arid conditions of the Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine (KBG) located in the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper. Leaves have been obtained from the collection of ornamental plants of KBG, where these plants are introduced for ten years. The seasonal dynamics of leaf development have been studied during the growing season of 2018, when the most arid climatic conditions were observed.The leaves of the investigated species were found to be dorsoventral, amphistomatic, with an anomocytic stomatal apparatus and bifacial mesophyll. Changes in the anatomical structures of the leaf blade towards xeromorphism were determined. In particular, in all studied specimens thickening of the cuticle, adaxial and abaxial epidermises (except V. prostrata, where the upper epidermis decreased by 35 %) mesophyll occurred. The number of stomata on the abaxial epidermis in all species decreased (the most notably in V. prostrata). Such increase of xeromorphism in V. austriaca, V. incana, and V. prostrata is an adaptive reaction of plants to the effects of extreme arid weather and climatic conditions of the Kryvorizhzhya, which testifies to the plasticity of investigated species and their high adaptation potential to the climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Steppe Cisdnieper
Перспективи розвитку законодавства про Червону книгу України
No full textThe principal legislative document regulating the protection of the plants and animal species in Ukraine is the Law of Ukraine “On the Red Book of Ukraine”. However, Ukrainian legislation related to the Red Book of Ukraine (RBU) is not agile. It does not react to the modern challenges and does not operate by new opportunities provided, for example, through the Law “On Environmental Impact Assessment”. Environmental impact assessments (EIA) are required for many management activities, including woodcutting, mining, and melioration, and should protect the environment. On the other side, unfortunately, the section “Impact on flora and fauna” in EIA reports often prepared superficially and formally. This section usually does not contain real research results and does not offer real measures for the protection of endangered species. Since today, there are no known cases when the EIA report was issued considering the real conservation needs of the species listed in the RBU.This letter proposes introducing several amendments to the legislation on the RBU, which are required for its integration into the EIA. First, it is proposed to introduce individual protection requirements for each species included in the RBU, which will allow the implementation of appropriate environmental conditions in the EIA conclusions. Secondly, it is proposed to introduce the responsibility for conserving species for users and owners of sites where coenopopulations, individuals (for plants), or permanent habitats (for animals) of the RBU species are located. Third, it is proposed to introduce a mechanism for documenting the location of the RBU species. These changes would make it possible to identify specific legal entities and individuals for whom species protection obligations and the penalties for disturbance will be imposed
Decision support system for quality management in study process
No full textThe authors describe the design of a decision support system, which allows automating the works on extracting information from the survey results. The generalization of modern publications had confirmed the relevance of the primary purpose of the paper. The domain analysis determined what tasks the decision support system should solve. The results of domain analysis became the base for the requirements specification. Logical and process views represent the system architecture design. A denormalized data structure, which accelerates the acquisition of aggregated data in different dimensions, is developed. The system design provides the work with various data sources as well as incremental development of the decision support system.Problems in programming 2020; 2-3: 218-22