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Прояв фенотипової пластичності листків псамофіту Corynephorus canescens при затопленні
No full textThe results of the study of the leaf structure in psammophyte Corynephorus canescens, which grew under controlled conditions and flooding using the methods of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy, are presented. This study revealed common and distinctive signs of morphological and anatomical parameters of C. canescens leaves in the phase of vegetative growth. Among the common features were the shape and size of the leaf laminas, hypostomatic type of the leaf, isolateral structure of the parenchyma, the thick-walled epidermis, and the bilayered hypodermis. Among the distinctive features were the signs of the destruction of cells in the photosynthetic parenchyma, change in their shape with the formation of protuberances at the cells’ poles, and almost doubling area of the aerenchyma in C. canescens leaves under flooding conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed the similarity of ultrastructure and density of trichomes on the adaxial surface, excepting the formation of cuticular wax structures on the epidermal surface of the leaves in flooded plants. The subcellular localization of silicon inclusions was studied for the first time. The presence of amorphous and small crystalline silicon inclusions in the periclinal walls of the main epidermal cells and amorphous silicon inclusions in leaf trichomes was established. An increase in the relative silicon content along the trichomes in the leaves’ epidermis after flooding was revealed. It was assumed that the phenotypic plasticity of C. canescens, is realized through the increasing area of aerenchyma in leaves and increasing silicon content in trichomes. Such plasticity helps to optimize both the oxygen balance of plants and water balance in flooded plants, thus increasing the species’ resistance to prolonged flooding
Application of neuro evolution tools in automation of technical control systems
No full textReinforced learning is a field of machine learning based on how software agents should perform actions in the environment to maximize the concept of cumulative reward. This paper proposes a new application of machine reinforcement learning techniques in the form of neuroevolution of augmenting topologies to solve control automation problems using modeling control problems of technical systems. Key application components include OpenAI Gym toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms, full-fledged open-source implementation of the NEAT genetic algorithm called SharpNEAT, and intermediate software for orchestration of these components. The algorithm of neuroevolution of augmenting topologies demonstrates the finding of efficient neural networks on the example of a simple standard problem with continuous control from OpenAI Gym.Prombles in programming 2021; 1: 16-2
Algorithm and software for determining a musical genre by lyrics to create a song hit
No full textOne of the needs of music business is a quick classification of the song genre by means of widely available tools. This work focuses on improving the accuracy of the song genre determination based on its lyrics through the development of software that uses new factors, namely the rhythm of the text and its morpho-syntactic structure. In the research Bayes Classifier and Logistic Regression were used to classify song genres, a systematic approach and principles of invention theory were used to summarize and analyze the results. New features were proposed in the paper to improve the accuracy of the classification, namely the features to indicate rhythm and parts of speec h in the song.Problems in programming 2021; 2: 85-9
Окреслення перспектив використання декоративних багаторічників спонтанної флори урочища Феофанія
No full textThe taxonomic and ecological structure of an artificial set of species of spontaneous flora of the local landscape Feofaniya, distinguished by decorative features, is presented. Decorative perennials, with the exception of aquatic and coastal ones, number 147 species. They are considered taking into account the adaptive characteristics, as a potentially basic component of the regional assortment of ornamental plants for landscaping. In terms of taxonomic composition, the species belong to 100 genera from 38 families. A significant part of perennials is rare in ornamental gardening. Among the studied perennials, the rare fraction includes 13 species with international (four species), state (seven species), or regional (six species) conservation status. According to the results of bioecological analysis, the predominance of mesophytic (76 %), heliophytic (44 %), mesotrophic (82 %), and neutrophilic (65 %) species is shown. When considering the ecological affiliation, the studied species are united into 15 principal ecomorphological groups. The use of plants represented in such groups as the main assortment in the landscaping of the corresponding ecotopes is a prerequisite for the stability and durability of such artificial communities as flower arrangements. The proposed assortment ensures the creation of modern low-cost flower arrangements, as well as the preservation of the biodiversity of the local flora by expanding the cultigen range of these species
Вплив анальциму на фітодоступність та фітотоксичність кадмію
No full textThe interactive effects of Cd and natural siliceous mineral analcite on Cd phytotoxicity and rate of accumulation in plant tissues have been analyzed. The test-plants of corn and hemp were grown in pots under controlled conditions of light, temperature, and soil moisture for 21 days in experiments modeling the following treatments: (1) without any amendments (control); (2) with the application of 0.1 % and 0.5 % (by weight) of CdSO4; (3) Cd salts (CdSO4) + analcite 0.1 g, 0.25 g, and 0.5 g per container. Test-plants performance was assessed by their growth characteristics (shoot height and root length), the content of photosynthetic pigments, macro- and micronutrients in leaves. The effect of Cd on maize and hemp plants inhibited their growth, chlorophyll biosynthesis in the leaves, led to a change in the balance of macro- and microelements, which leads to the accumulation of Cd in the tissues of shoots of both studied crops. Application of analcite partially compensated for the negative effects of Cd salts on the crop’s growth, chlorophyll content, and balance of nutrients and reduced Cd accumulation significantly in shoots
On the way to creating Ukrainian national cloud of open science
No full textModern conditions of science development, which are characterized by a significant increase in the volume of information, require new approaches to computational methods and new approaches to information processing. The article considers approaches to creating conditions and tools based on cloud technologies for more effective cooperation of research teams working on similar scientific problems.The article analyzes the stages of development of the European Open Science Cloud and presents the strategy of building the National Open Science Cloud. The article presents the main results of the development of a common information resource for scientific researches at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, which can be considered as a prototype of the National Open Science Cloud, which integrates into the European Open Science Cloud.Prombles in programming 2021; 3: 27-3
System of classification for personnel selection based upon Ukrainian language ana-lyze
No full textThe article describes a classification system with natural language processing. Many systems use neural networks, but it needs massive amounts of data for training, which is not always available. Authors propose to use ontologies in such systems. As example of such approach it is shown the classification system, which helps to form a list of the best candidates during the recruitment process. An overview of the methods for ontologies constructing and language analyzers appropriate for classification systems are presented. The system in the form of a knowledge base is constracted. Described system supports Ukrainian and English languages. The possible ways of system expansion is regarded.Problems in programming 2020; 4: 34-4
Implementation of mappings between the description logic and the binary relational data model on the RDF level
Get PDFThis paper is dedicated to the data integration problem. In article the task of practical implementation of mappings between description logic and a binary relational data model is discussed. This method was formulated earlier at a theoretical level. A practical technique to test mapping engines using RDF is provided in the current paper. To transform the constructs of the description logic ALC and its main extensions into RDF triplets the OWL 2-to-RDF mappings are used. To convert RDB to RDF graph, the R2R Mapping Language (R2R ML) was chosen. The mappings DL ALC and its main extensions to the RDF triplets are described in the publication. The mapping of the DL axioms into an RDF triplet also is considered in the publication. The main difficulties in describing DL-to-RDF transformations are given in the corresponding section. For each constructor of concepts and roles a corresponding expression in OWL 2 and its mapping into the RDF triplet. A schematic representation of the resulting RDF graph for each mapping is created. The paper also provides an overview of existing methods that relate to the use of RDF when mapping RDB to ontology and vice versa.Prombles in programming 2020; 4: 41-5
Морфологічні ознаки листків ломиносів як відображення їх екологічних особливостей
No full textQuantitative morpho-anatomical features of leaves of nine Clematis taxa (C. alpina ‘Pamela Jackman’, C. macropetala ‘Maidwell Hall’, C. integrifolia ‘Aljonushka’, C. ispahanica ‘Zvezdograd’, C. fargesii ‘Paul Farges’, C. texensis ‘Princess Diana’, C. tibetana, C. viticella, and C. heracleifolia) were determined with the aim to analyze their adaptation to the environmental conditions.Among investigated clematises, there were plants with hypostomatic (C. viticella, C. fargesii ‘Paul Farges’, C. heracleifolia, C. texensis ‘Princess Diana’, C. macropetala ‘Maidwell Hall’, and C. alpina ‘Pamela Jackman’), and amphistomatic leaves (C. ispahanica ‘Zvezdograd’ and C. tibetana). In C. integrifolia ‘Aljonushka’ leaves were hypostomatic, but few solitary stomata were also present on the adaxial surface. In the leaves of investigated taxa, the palisade coefficient ranged from 27.3% (C. alpina ‘Pamela Jackman’) to 49.9% (C. tibetana). The leaves also differed significantly in size. In particular, leaves of C. integrifolia ‘Aljonushka’ were almost ten times smaller than such of C. heracleifolia.As a result of UPGMA clustering, the plants that can survive in severe windy weather in open rocky areas, Clematis tibetana and C. ispahanica ‘Zvezdograd’, were joined in a separate cluster. The second cluster combined C. alpina ‘Pamela Jackman’ and C. macropetala ‘Maidwell Hall’ – cultivars blooming in the spring, during a period of significant difference in daily temperatures. A relatively small leaf area in plants from these two clusters may indicate an adaptation by reducing the transpiration area and general windage. The third cluster united the rest of investigated taxa, mostly – the mesophytic plants with a relatively large leaf area. However, due to similar morpho-anatomical structure of the leaf, the third cluster also comprised C. integrifolia ‘Aljonushka’ with the smallest leaves
Проста й недорога фотосистема для оцифрування гербарію
No full textThe digitization of the natural history collections is a crucial task of today. It allows not only sharing the data but also virtually preserving the specimens. This is especially important for small collections that suffer from limited financial support and can be easily lost.
Here we share our experience of the building of cheap and simple photosystem that can be used for routine digitization of local herbaria with low or without incomes. This photosystem is modular and based on the regular components that can be easily purchased and/or updated. It is compact and can be conveniently assembled and disassembled, and transported. This photosystem consists of horizontal tripod Beike Q999H with two led lamps Yongnuo YN-300 Air mounted on the 11” Magic Arm handles. The camera Canon EOS 800D was chosen due to presence of fully rotated display, the high resolution, modern focusing system, RAW format support, and low price on the market. The lens Tokina AT-X M35 PRO DX AF 35 mm f/2.8 Macro was chosen due to extreme sharpness along the whole capturing field, low aberrations and optical distortion, high light sensitivity, and fast autofocus.
We also tested light box as an option for herbarium specimens’ digitization. However, we found that light box is inconvenient for herbarium digitization dues several reasons, among which its massive sizes, limited access to working space, and necessity of application of huge mounting system that should hold the camera far higher over the center of light box. In general, work with light box significantly decelerated the digitization process. We did not find any advantaged in use of the light box and therefore it was rejected. We hope that our experience will be useful for other curators wanting to digitize their collections and having limited budget