Harvester open publications of NAS Ukraine
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The grammar of Petri-object model visual programming language
No full textPetri-object models solve the problem of replicating fragments of Petri nets with given parameters and constructing a model from a large number of elements. The developed visual programming language of Petri-object models gives a possibility to reduce the number of errors during a model construction by automating the coding links between elements and graphical representation of a model. In addition to replicating Petri objects, the visual language implements replication of links between Petri objects. Formalization of the visual programming language grammar is presented in the form of production rules. A conclusion about grammar properties has been drawn.Prombles in programming 2021; 1: 82-9
60 Years of Databases (part two)
No full textThe article provides an overview of research and development of databases since their appearance in the 60s of the last century to the present time. The following stages are distinguished: the emergence formation and rapid development, the era of relational databases, extended relational databases, post-relational databases and big data. At the stage of formation, the systems IDS, IMS, Total and Adabas are described. At the stage of rapid development, issues of ANSI/X3/SPARC database architecture, CODASYL proposals, concepts and languages of conceptual modeling are highlighted. At the stage of the era of relational databases, the results of E. Codd’s scientific activities, the theory of dependencies and normal forms, query languages, experimental research and development, optimization and standardization, and transaction management are revealed. The extended relational databases phase is devoted to describing temporal, spatial, deductive, active, object, distributed and statistical databases, array databases, and database machines and data warehouses. At the next stage, the problems of post-relational databases are disclosed, namely, NOSQL-, NewSQL- and ontological databases. The sixth stage is devoted to the disclosure of the causes of occurrence, characteristic properties, classification, principles of work, methods and technologies of big data. Finally, the last section provides a brief overview of database research and development in the Soviet Union.Prombles in programming 2021; 4: 36-6
Study of principles, models and methods of FAIR paradigm of scientific data management for analysis for BIG data metadata
No full textIn this research work we considere the basic principles, models and methods of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) scientific data management paradigm as a separate case of Big Data. This paradigm is focused on the reuse of scientific research results.Basic principles of FAIR apply to three types of entities: data (or any digital object), metadata (information about this digital object) and infrastructure. Information on various projects, initiatives and communities working on solving the problems of scientific data and their metadata integration is examined.We analyze how the properties of FAIR data contribute to the unification and integration of the scientific infrastructure in the paradigm of open science, which is based on free access to research results and open data.Prombles in programming 2021; 4: 26-3
Information technology to ensure the survivability of sensor networks
No full textIn the modern technological world, sensors and sensor networks are widely used in the all spheres of human activity. One of the key engineering tasks in the design of sensor networks is to ensure the survivability of the network. The article presents algorithms for ensuring the survivability of sensor networks based on a preliminary assessment of this property. Estimation of survivability depends on the network topology. Increasing the survivability of the sensor network is achieved by including additional sensors in the network. An algorithm for finding the position of additional sensors in the stationary sensor network is proposed. Proposed approach takes into account the radius of coverage of the sensors and the need for the intersection of the coverage areas of the sensors to ensure the exchange of information. An iterative algorithm for ensuring the survivability of the network in the presence and consideration of dynamic sensors is presented. The results of computer simulation experiments presented in the paper confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.Problems in programming 2021; 4: 62-6
Peculiarities of Computer Modeling of Thought Dissemination in Society on the Example of Student Society
No full textThe paper considers methods of mathematical modeling based on the use of the theory of cellular automata as the main tool for modeling the processes of public opinion formation. As the object of modeling was chosen social behavior in the context of the acceptance of educational material in the science-centered approach. The theory of cellular automata was chosen as a modeling tool because it is a relatively simple and at the same time effective method for modeling the interaction of single-type objects. The developed basic cellular automata of the model has extended rules of determination of cell state and determination of cell vicinity. It has also been derived the dependence of the information perception coefficient on the difference between the state of the cell and its surroundings. These improvements allow the model to be used to predict changes in social group preferences.Problems in programming 2021; 4: 70-8
The problem of developing the architecture of modern cognitive radar system
No full textThe problem of developing the architecture of modern cognitive radar systems using artificial intelligence technologies is considered. The main difference from traditional systems is the use of a trained neural network. The heterogeneous multiprocessor system is rebuilt in the process of solving the problem, providing reliability and solving various types of problems of one class and deep learning of the neural network in real time. This architecture promotes the introduction of cognitive technologies that take into account the requirements for the purpose, the influence of external and internal factors.Problems in programming 2022; 4: 75-8
The translator of Petri-object model visual programming language
No full textHigh-level programming tools are aimed at increasing the development speed of complex programs due to automation within the routine actions of the programmer, reducing the number of coding errors and reducing the code in general. Visual programming involves coding based on a visual representation of a task for the computational process instead of a textual one. The translator of the visual programming language of Petri-object models is designed and built according to the defi ned formal grammar of the language and Petri-object model formalism. It performs the transformation of the visual representation of the model into the calculation of the simulation algorithm. The advantages of the developed language are a small alphabet of symbols, the opportunity for replication of objects and connections between them, and the versatile application for the discrete-event systems models development.Prombles in programming 2022; 2: 13-2
Модифікований протокол фарбування сафраніном О та астра синім для цілей гістології рослин
No full textMany staining protocols are widely applied in botanical microtechniques and serve specific histological purposes. In particular, some dyes are used simultaneously to receive contrasting colorations of different chemical structures, e.g., lignin and cellulose. One of the most popular differential staining protocols is based on the Safranin O / Astra Blue dyes combination. Safranin O is a water-soluble basic dye that stains lignin in red. Astra Blue is also a water-soluble dye but having an acidic reaction, which stains cellulose in blue. Usually, a 1–2 % solution of Safranin O in distilled water or 50–70 % ethanol is applied in combination with the 0.5–1 % water solution of Astra Blue to detect lignified structures and obtain contrasting pictures convenient for the light microscopy. For a long time, Astra Blue was used exclusively with water solutions, and such recommendation without additional options is indicated on producers’ web sites. However, in 2002 it was proposed to use 1 % Astra Blue solution in 95 % ethanol to identify the lignified tissues. Later, such an ethanol solution of Astra Blue was also successfully applied by other researchers for different experimental purposes.We tested the modified staining protocol with the application of both 1 % Safranin O and Astra Blue solutions in a slightly lower concentration of ethanol (70 %) on the flower buds of Gagea lutea (Liliaceae) and found it working well. We believe that such a modified protocol with the solutions of these two dyes in 70 % ethanol allows simplifying the procedure of the plant material staining due to application of the same concentrations of dissolvent and reducing the difference in solvent concentration between two following contrasting staining solutions. Such differential staining can be effectively applied for plant histology purposes, especially where there is a need to distinguish lignified structures and secretory tissues
Intonation expressiveness of the text at program sounding
No full textAs the amount of media content increases, there is a need for its automated sounding with the most accessible built-in and mobile means. The factors influencing the formation of different intonations were analyzed in the article, the dependences of the change of sound characteristics in accordance with the intonations were mathematically described. In the course of the study, the numerical analysis of sentences was improved using the moving average method for smoothing audio recording, approximation lines for approximate generalization of emotions as mathematical functions, and Fourier transform for volume control. The obtained dependences allow to synthesize the necessary intonations according to the punctuation of the sentence, the presence of emotionally colored vocabulary and psycho-emotional mood of the speaker when reading such a text.As a result of our study, software for emotional sounding of texts was developed, which provides the perception of audio information easier, clearer and more comfortable based on the use of built-in processors of mobile devices.Problems in programming 2021; 2: 76-8
Прогнозування коренетвірної здатності стеблових живців яблуні за показниками сезонного росту пагонів
No full textThe study involved seven species and cultivars of ornamental apple trees including Malus × floribunda, M. halliana, M. niedzwetzkyana, M. × purpurea, M. × purpurea ‘Ola’, M. × purpurea ‘Royalty’, and M. × purpurea ‘Selkirk’. The average value of increment, average length, and duration of shoots’ growth were determined to characterize the seasonal growth of Malus shoots. The percentages of rooted cuttings, callus formation without roots, and unviable cuttings were registered for each investigated taxon. Statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel 2007 following Zaitsev (1990), and Atramentova & Utevskaya (2014).The total duration of shoots growth of the studied species and varieties ranged from 72 (M. × purpurea ‘Ola’) to 118 days (M. niedzwetzkyana); annual shoots reached a length from 213.75 mm (M. × purpurea) to 448.75 mm (M. niedzwetzkyana); the average increment of shoots ranged from 3.90 mm (M. × purpurea ‘Ola’) to 14.70 mm (M. floribunda).The rooting ability of Malus stem cuttings was limited to a reasonably short period of cutting procedure and depended on the application of biologically active substances, their concentrations, and complexes. The highest rooting rate (33.33 %) was observed in M. × purpurea ‘Ola’ after the treatment of its cuttings by 0.6 % indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at the end of June. A slightly lower rooting rate (20.00 %) was observed in M. halliana cuttings treated by 0.4 % IBA and M. × purpurea ‘Selkirk’ cuttings treated by Podkorzen AB aqua at the end of June. Finally, 7.69 % of M. × floribunda cuttings were rooted with Podkorzen AB aqua at the beginning of July.The prediction of the rooting ability of Malus stem cuttings was confirmed by a strong negative correlation between the percentage of rooted cuttings and the duration of shoots’ growth (r = –0.88). Hence, the percentage of rooted cuttings increases with decreasing duration of shoots growth, depending on the genotype