Harvester open publications of NAS Ukraine
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Method of detection of http attacks on a smart home using the algebraic matching method
Get PDFAll international and domestic spheres of production and service are developing at a frantic pace, and in modern life it is no longer possible to imagine any enterprise or government institution without connecting to the Internet and using cloud services. The development of digital technologies forces the application of innovative solutions in everyday life and entertainment. In our modern age with society’s current dependence on high-tech gadgets and the Internet, we can definitely mark the emergence of smart home technology. In this regard, interest in private information on the network is growing, more approaches to attacks are appearing, cybercrime is becoming more organized, and its level is increasing. This work aims to show the types of cyber attacks on smart homes, as well as tools and methods for their detection, in particular, the method of mathematical comparison, which provides an opportunity to create stable web applications and services, taking into account the requirements for their security and reliability.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 396-40
Дослідження потенціалу використання молекули основи Шиффа як екзогенного антиоксиданту для насінні ячменю в умовах сольового стресу
No full textSalt stress is one of the most important environmental factors that affect agricultural lands and causes product loss. Today, the application of various natural or synthetic molecules exogenously to plants and efforts to increase plant tolerance against environmental stresses as a result of these applications have been widely investigated by scientists. In this study, a Schiff base molecule (0, 3, 6, and 9 µM), which has shown in vitro antioxidant properties, was applied to barley seeds under salt stress (0, 50, 150, and 250 mM NaCl). In order to evaluate the effects of this molecule on barley under salt stress, seed germination, growth parameters, lipid peroxidation, proline content, histochemical detection of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radicals, and mitotic index analysis were conducted. According to the results, salt stress decreased germination parameters, plumule and radicle lengths, and mitotic index while it increased proline content, lipid peroxidation, and radical contents. Schiff base treatment clearly reduced lipid peroxidation and radical content in all groups. However, it also decreased germination and growth parameters and mitotic index. The obtained results showed that the antioxidant property of this molecule was also preserved in plants under stress, but it was also determined that the molecule had negative effects, primarily on cell division. If necessary modifications can be made to the molecule, the negative effects on cell division can be eliminated, and this molecule, which is very easy and cheap to obtain, may be widely used to increase the tolerance of plants against environmental stress
Specialized software for simulating dynamic virtual machine consolidation
No full textFor many cloud service providers, virtual machines remain the basic technology for computing virtualization. Virtual machines are used both to host application software and to implement container virtualization. Widespread use of virtual machines develops specialized software to determine the impact of model parameters on the quality of the consolidation process, which will prevent experimental research in production to evaluate new cloud data center resource management strategies. In recent years, there were many approaches in literature that offers various sets of software tools and frameworks for modeling data center processes, providing a platform and the necessary building blocks to optimize the process of consolidation of virtual machines. Models and software tools for modeling data center resource management processes are usually not exhaustive and solve a specific problem or management task. The specialized simulation software presented in the paper allows to investigate different control modes of virtual machines dynamic consolidation, provides a wide range of logging and debugging information using text and MS Excel files, such as performance indicators and workload diagrams, and allows to determine the optimal model parameters for various modes of data center operation, minimizing the number of active physical servers and reducing the number of SLA violations.Prombles in programming 2022; 1: 03-1
60 Years of Databases (part three)
No full textThe article provides an overview of research and development of databases since their appearance in the 60s of the last century to the present time. The following stages are distinguished: the emergence formation and rapid development, the era of relational databases, extended relational databases, post-relational databases and big data. At the stage of formation, the systems IDS, IMS, Total and Adabas are described. At the stage of rapid development, issues of ANSI/X3/SPARC databasearchitecture, CODASYL proposals, concepts and languages of conceptual modeling are highlighted. At the stage of the era of relational databases, the results of E. Codd’s scientific activities, the theory of dependencies and normal forms, query languages, experimental research and development, optimization and standardization, and transaction management are revealed. The extended relational databases phase is devoted to describing temporal, spatial, deductive, active, object, distributed and statistical databases, array databases, and database machines and data warehouses. At the next stage, the problems of post-relational databases are disclosed, namely, NOSQL-, NewSQL- and ontological databases. The sixth stage is devoted to the disclosure of the causes of occurrence, characteristic properties, classification, principles of work, methods and technologies of big data. Finally, the last section provides a brief overview of database research and development in the Soviet Union.Prombles in programming 2022; 1: 34-6
Invention of a computer "Kyiv" architecture using a concept of Addressed Programming Language
No full textThe article is devoted to the history of the origin of high-level programming in Ukraine. The transition from calculations by arithmometers and logarithmic rulers to solving problems on the computer "Kyiv" using pointers and tree-like formats (abstract data types are analogous) is described. The factors that contributed to this transition include: the experience of providing instructions for calculations by arithmometers, and the experience of programming on MESM. As a result a computer "Kyiv" has been developed with a hardware-implemented possibility of high-level programming, invention of the Addressed Programming Language with indirect addressing (pointers), tree formats and declarative capabilities.Hardware-realized demining of pointers in the computer "Kyiv" is one of the outstanding inventions of Ukrainian engineers and mathematicians at the initial stage of the information technologies development. At that time it was significantly ahead of the world technologies. Programming in computer "Kyiv", unlike Plankalkül, could identify and process complex structures. The paper describes the individual applications of the Address Programming Language, which was implemented on many Soviet-made computers and has been used by programmers for more than 20 years. Due to the so-called "Iron Curtain", scientists in the field of programming outside the post-socialist world still do not know about the invention of pointers by Kiev scientists. A textbook describing the Addressed Programming Language was translated into many languages. A monograph with a description of the computer architecture "Kyiv" and of the Addressed Programming Language was translated into English and published in the United States in 1966.Prombles in programming 2021; 4: 103-11
Analytical store for streaming data with huge volume
No full textA concept for organizing an analytical data warehouse has been developed, which includes a method of interaction between data producers and a repository, a method of data circuit control, a method of data streaming, a method of storing initial data, a method of data processing and a method of providing secure data access. Other concepts on the market are discussed, namely: SDLF as the leading standard recommended by AWS, IronSource DL using Upsolver, SimilarWeb DL using Upsolver. A comparative analysis was conducted (mostly with SDLF, as its implementation is open, and the implementation by private companies is hidden). The advantages of the proposed concept over the existing ones are examined in detail. Recommendations on how to integrate the concept with data schema control applications are given. A service for streaming data using Apache Beam in Java has been developed. A repository architecture for analytics was designed and developed. A data schema management model was developed as well as a data schema management model and a model for secure access to data. The research that has been conducted can be improved by the experience of implementing the concept in business, as well as by collecting and systematizing knowledge about other standards that will be created.Problems in programming 2022; 1: 67-7
Methods and techniques for management of ontolodgy-based knowledge representation models in the context of BIG data
No full textOntology-based knowledge representation models in the context of big data are one way to reduce complexity for data processing across methods of semantic description. This research paper aims at providing an overview of the methods and techniques for efficient management of the ontology-based models that improve big data systems. For this case, the shapes constraint language (SHACL) for information validation was reviewed as the key method. The knowledge representation systems and reasoners are studied and reviewed in the paper as well. It describes approaches based on ontologies in the context of big data. The proper management of ontology-based knowledge representation models through offered methods and techniques brings improved data integration, big data quality, and business process integration.Prombles in programming 2021; 4: 19-2
60 Years of Databases (part four)
No full textThe article provides an overview of research and development of databases since their appearance in the 60s of the last century to the present time. The following stages are distinguished: the emer- gence formation and rapid development, the era of relational databases, extended relational data- bases, post-relational databases and big data. At the stage of formation, the systems IDS, IMS, Total and Adabas are described. At the stage of rapid development, issues of ANSI/X3/SPARC database architecture, CODASYL proposals, concepts and languages of conceptual modeling are highlighted. At the stage of the era of relation-al databases, the results of E. Codd’s scientific activities, the theory of dependencies and normal forms, query languages, experimental research and development, optimization and standardiza- tion, and transaction management are revealed. The extended relational databases phase is devot- ed to describing temporal, spatial, deductive, ac- tive, object, distributed and statistical databases, array databases, and database machines and data warehouses. At the next stage, the problems of post-relational databases are disclosed, namely, NOSQL-, NewSQL- and ontological databases. The sixth stage is devoted to the disclosure of the causes of occurrence, characteristic properties, classification, principles of work, methods and technologies of big data. Finally, the last section provides a brief overview of database research and development in the former Soviet Union.Prombles in programming 2022; 2: 57-9
Сучасний стан інтродукційної ценопопуляції Gymnospermium odessanum на ботаніко-географічній ділянці “Степи України” Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України
No full textGymnospermium odessanum is a rare relict endemic plant species. The research was carried out during G. odessanum flowering in 2019–2021 at the botanical-geographical plot “Steppes of Ukraine” of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG). Ecological and coenotic conditions of introduction at the NBG differ from natural habitats of the species and are not optimal for its vegetation. However, this species demonstrated ecological-coenotic plasticity and, over the decades, has formed a stable homeostatic introduction coenopopulation here. As of 2021, the area of introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum at the NBG was 2,075 m2. It comprises 412 individuals of this species (including 40 seedlings, 241 juvenile, 45 immature, 40 virginal, 45 generative, and 1 sub-senile plants). Coenopopulation fragments with a high density of G. odessanum individuals are rare here, so the average density is low – only 0.2 individuals per 1 m2. In 2021, in the spectrum of age states, the total percentage of pregenerative individuals was very high and reached 88.8 %; the share of generative individuals was 10.9 %.In general, the age structure of the introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum is characterized by long-term (2010–2021) stability. The spatial distribution of individuals in the introduction coenopopulation is of two kinds – random and in groups. This is due to combined myrmecochoric and barochoric propagation. Also due to myrmecochory, this coenopopulation tends to spread the area. Compared to natural coenopopulations, the introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum at the NBG is characterized by a larger area, a much significant number, and, at the same time, a low average density of individuals. However, like in most of natural populations, its age spectrum is left-sided.The conducted research testifies the successful formation of the introduction coenopopulation of G. odessanum in the meadow-steppe cultural phytocoenosis of the NBG. This introduction coenopopulation is an example of a successful multi-year scientific experiment and effective ex situ protection and preservation of G. odessanum on the northern border of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, far beyond the natural range of this endemic plant species
Шарівський парк (Харківська область, Україна): історія та моніторингові дослідження за період 1997–2018 рр.
No full textChanges in the taxonomic composition, landscapes, and plantations of the ancient Sharivskyi Park (Kharkiv region, Ukraine) were studied according to the literature and the results of our own monitoring research conducted in 1997 and 2016–2018. It was found that the number of species and cultivars decreased between the studies, but not significantly (the rate of decline in taxonomic diversity slowed down because due to a long period of inadequate care, only the most resistant species remained in the park). There was an almost complete loss of Picea abies plantations, which occupied 2.3 ha (7.9 % of the green area) in 1997. In most of Sharivskyi Park, the park landscape was replaced with a forest type. Garden and meadow landscapes are disappearing in the park. The Oak grove of Sharivsky Park, which represented the park type of the landscape, is degrading; it was replaced by derivative plantations that form the forest type of landscape. Forest-type areas of the oak grove appeared to be stable; degradation does not occur in them. Restoration of the degraded oak grove is possible only if the existing derivative plantations are removed, which is currently prohibited by law (therefore, changes in legislation are required), and artificial planting of oaks