Harvester open publications of NAS Ukraine
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Simulating of human physiological supersystems: interactions of cardiovascular, thermoregulatory and respiratory systems
Get PDFSpecial quantitative model of the human thermoregulatory system (MTS) functioning with cardiovascular and lung systems is created. These systems form a human physiological supersystem (HPSS). MTS describes thermoregulatory responses to alterations of both external environmental physical characteristics and internal biological characteristics. Algorithms provide designing of scenarios including simulation of either short-time or long-time (hours or days) observations. Input data include different combinations of environmental variables (air or water temperature, air humidity, wind or water flow speed, light intensity, infrared radiation) for a naked or wear human, as well as for given dynamics of biological characteristics (rate of heat production including its components associated with metabolism and ATP molecules leasing during mental and physical activities). Human body is presented by a core, blood, and a skin compartments. Skin and lung evaporation are under hypothalamic control based on afferent impulse patterns from internal, and skin heat and cold receptors. Dynamic output data include blood, hypothalamic, and skin temperatures, hemodynamic parameters like heart rate, cardiac output, regional blood flows, vascular resistances, blood pressures, and regional blood volumes. Serotonin and melatonin concentrations modulating biological heat production rate are associated with a day/night light intensity. Currently, the PCbased simulator is autonomous software to be used both for educational purposes and for providing of special computer research. In a near future, this simulator has to be widened by models of kidneys, and a mechanism of liverpancreas interaction.Problems in programming 2023; 3: 81-90
Formal semantics and analysis of tokenomics properties
Get PDFToday we are witnessing the rapid development of products and services based on blockchain technology. Cryptocurrencies and tokens are becoming an integral part of a person’s daily life. One of the main and, at the same time, the most difficult task for each project is the creation of a self-governing token economy. The violation of properties, such as equilibrium and decentralization, can result in the failure of a project and financial losses.Using the math and formal methods is a simple and efficient way to create self-sustainable token economies right at the stage of MVP development. Despite the rapid development of tokenomics, its popularity, and the rapid pace of implementing blockchain technology in various business areas, only a small number of works have examined formal models of tokenomics.In this study, we present an algebraic approach to analyzing the properties of tokenomics. The algebraic modeling approach is implemented within the framework of the Insertion Modeling System (IMS) that was developed at the Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine under the guidance of an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Professor A.A. Letichevsky. The algebraic modeling methods prove the properties of safety and liveness. Insertion modeling is an approach for modeling complex distributed systems, which is based on the theory of interaction between agents and environments. The modeling algorithm is based on the historical data of exchange trading and the liquidity of tokens - which allows us to make accurate predictions and show possible outcomes.The interaction of tokenomics agents and their behavior, represented by the equations of behavioral algebra, is considered. The use of the algebraic approach to tokenomics development for the Internet of Things is considered, and the formal representations and methods of property analysis are presented. The obtained results allow us to discuss the possibility of using formal methods in the study of tokenomics.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 128-13
Molecular modeling in the radiation therapy. The algebraic approach
Get PDFThe rapid development of the chemical industry and science, and new challenges in the healthcare sector, put forward increased demands for the development of the theory of organic and inorganic chemistry, for the search and implementation of new modeling and analysis methods, and for the improvement of technological processes. One of the main challenges at the intersection of chemistry, physics, biol- ogy, medicine, and genetics is the search for new methods and approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.A deeper understanding of cancer’s genetics and molecular biology has led to the identification of an increasing number of potential molecular targets that can be used for the discovery and development of anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, etc. One of the main places in this is occupied by molecular modeling. Despite the availability of more and more data on existing proteins and nucleic acids and the availability of modeling methods and tools, the development and use of a wide variety of combined methods and tools for modeling and computing large molecular systems remain an open issue. One of the possible solutions for this problem is the application of the algebraic approach and the corresponding formal methods, which have proven effective in many other fields today.The main idea of the research is the application of algebraic modeling technology and quantum chemical apparatus for modeling and verification of organic chemistry problems, in particular, modeling and analysis of radiation therapy problems. The paper presents the first steps of the research. The example of the formalization of the synchrotron operation principle and the example of the interaction of protons with substance in the example of the determination/calculation of the physically absorbed dose are given in the paper.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 231-23
The use of ontological knowledge for multi-criteria comparison of complex information objects
No full textIn this work we consider comparison of complex information objects (CIO) as a component of intelligent decision-making. The specifics of proposed approach is that we compare not all theoretically possible CIOs but only their subset that is relevant for cur- rent situation and contains existing and available objects. Thus, we find an acceptable solution from the set of available ones that can be not optimal (according to certain criteria). We propose formal ontology-based model of CIO that considered as an element of intellectual information system. This model (in contrast to the domain ontology) defines unique names for positions of classes and class individuals to indicate the SIO structure. The methods of CIO comparison based on the use of knowledge from the relevant do- main ontology are considered. Various approaches to determining of semantic proximity and semantic similarity are considered as metrics for quantitative evaluation to select parameters of information objects that can be used for calculation of these evaluations. We propose an algorithm for semantic comparison of CIOs which are based on the same ontology and have a similar structure. This algorithm allows generation of comparison criteria and determining hierarchy of this criteria for the current situation.We propose to evaluate the semantic-level similarity of the elements of individual CIOs to certain reference CIO defined by the user (as a description of the optimal solution or generated CIO properties). As a result, a subset of CIOs that satisfy the user requirements is cre- ated, but we have to select only one CIO among them, which will be used in the future to fulfill the user task. Therefore, we need in a set of criteria for CIO comparison and methods to determine the importance of each of these criteria at the current moment in time. For this purpose, we propose to use the method of hierarchical analysis based on a pairwise comparison of the importance of individual criteria.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 249-25
Peculiarity of the organization of the infrastructure of open science in Ukraine
No full textThe growing complexity of scientific tasks and their resource capacity requires the integration of resources - information, computing, telecommunications, and others are necessary for performing scientific research and for the cooperation of scientists, both at the national and international levels. Now the development of an integrated science infrastructure that is interoperable with the European infrastructure using standards and software tools for information interaction is becoming relevant.The forming of national infrastructure should make use of the results of European initiatives regarding the integration of technical and informational resources and ensuring cooperation in conducting research. The combination of information and computing structures begins with the lowest links - institutional, departmental and national, which later will be integrating into common global infrastructures. The article considers approaches to creating conditions and structures based on the cloud technologies for more effective cooperation of scientific teams working on similar scientific problems.The main tasks for forming the basis of the Open science cloud in Ukraine at the national and institutional levels have been formulated on the basis of a detailed analysis of the experience of developing the European Open Science Cloud and regulatory documents relative to open science cloud in Ukraine. The implementation of these tasks, according to the authors, is significant.The main results of the development joint information environment for scientific research at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as a prototype of the National Open Science Cloud integrated into the European Open Science Cloud was present.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 335-34
The method for assessing the connectivity of nodes of wireless episodic networks under the condition of using unmanned aeral vehicles
No full textThe paper considers a method for assessing the connectivity of nodes of wireless episodic networks (WEN) under the condition of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is proposed to perform an evaluation of the connectivity of a pair of nodes according to a method, which is based on: an evaluation of geometric connectivity, which is limited to the maximum range of radio visibility at the physical level and the vulnerability interval of a given multiple access protocol at the channel level; assessment of information connectivity, which takes into account the presence of not only a physical connection of a given reliability, but also the presence of a free channel resource, a given amount of transmission delay at a given traffic limit value; assessment of the duration of connectivity taking into account the mobility of network nodes.On the basis of analytical mathematical models, the duration of connectivity of mobile subscribers (nodes) (MS) of the WEN consisting of MS and UAVs in direct radio visibility conditions and taking into account relaying was investigated. The connectivity of a pair of nodes is determined by the characteristics of different levels of OSI information interaction, such as radio range, channel bandwidth, information transmission delay, etc. It is shown that the duration of connectivity is directly proportional to the size of the coverage zone and inversely proportional to the speed of movement of nodes. The nature (scenario) of node mobility also affects the duration of connectivity. The simulation of the movement of nodes was carried out under 4 scenarios: «march», «skirmish», «random wandering in the field» and «random wandering in the city». The largest values of the duration of connectivity correspond to the third scenario, and the smallest to the second (with a fixed radius of the coverage area and the speed of movement of nodes). Thus, the average connection duration of the UAV-pedestrian connection in the event of a «difference» will be of the order of 36 minutes, and the UAV-car connection of the order of 5 minutes. The obtained results can be used in the UAV network topology control method.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 455-468
Рецензія на книгу: Мінарченко В.М. та ін. «Атлас морфолого-анатомічних ознак сировини дикорослих споріднених видів лікарських рослин України»
No full textReview of the book: Minarchenko V.M. et al. “Atlas of morphological and anatomical features of raw materials of wild related species of medicinal plants of Ukraine” / Minarchenko V.M., Timchenko I.A., Dvirna T.S., Futorna O.A., Makhinya L.M., Glushchenko L.A. – Kyiv: Palivoda A.V., 2022. – 406 p
Тестування бюджетних фотосистем з метою досягнення оптимального результату для цілей оцифрування гербарію
No full textThe current paper stresses the application of different budget photosystems for digitization of herbarium specimens. Twelve photosystems were compared by color accuracy reproduction of the images. It was found that the photosystem built on the basis of photocamera Canon EOS 800D and fixed lens Tokina AT-X M35 PRO DX AF 35 mm f/2.8 Macro and currently used for the digitization of the LWS herbarium collection demonstrated the best results among other tested photosystems. It also produced the images with the same or even better color accuracy as in images downloaded from P, PI, B, and W virtual herbaria. Nevertheless, its color accuracy measured as ΔE2000, in general, does not meet recent criteria ascertained for the herbarium digitization purposes and new FADGI’s requirements. This photosystem has been found to have improving potential and, hence, should be optimized. On the other hand, it was also shown that smartphone Samsung Galaxy S10 could produce images with the same or even better color accuracy compared to some images deposited at P, PI, W, and B virtual herbaria. Therefore, in conditions of extreme situations and hostilities, such smartphones with additional external illumination can serve for urgent digitization of natural history collections. Finally, we doubt the application of commonly used color targets for the digitization of herbariaum preserved specimens since the original living color of such specimens is usually lost during conservation and preservation. Instead, it would be more beneficial to apply advanced targets to evaluate the spatial accuracy of images since they can incorrectly represent the important morphological characters of preserved specimens
Simulating of human physiological supersystems: modeling of kidney and bladder functions
Get PDFA quantitative model describing the functions of human kidney and bladder is created. The model is realized and tested as an autonomous C# software module (SM) functioning under given dynamic input characteristics. Finally, SM will be incorporated into our specialized general software capable of simulating the main modes of human integrative physiology, namely, interactions of physiological super-system (PSS). The model of the kidney describes mechanisms of blood filtration in Bowman’s capsule, reabsorption in collecting tubules, as well as the central renin-angiotensin system mechanism. The model of the bladder describes the dynamics of its filling and periodic emptying. Each act of bladder emptying is initiated by a signal generated by the brain in response to afferent impulse patterns from the bladder’s mechanoreceptors. Models have been tested using algorithms that design scenarios, including simulation of either short-time or long-time (hours or days) observations. Input data include different combinations of pressure in renal afferent arterioles, osmotic, and oncotic blood pressures. Output data includes dynamics of primary urine, final urine, bladder volume, urine pressure, mechanoreceptors’ activity, renin production velocity, blood renin concentration, angiotensin2 production velocity, and blood angiotensin2 concentration, as well as blood albumin and sodium concentrations. Both student-medics and physiologists interested in providing theoretical research can be users of SM.Prombles in programming 2023; 4: 56-6
Malware dynamic analyses system based on virtual mashine introspection and mashine learning methods
No full textCyber wars and cyber attacks are a serious problem in the global digital environment. Technological progress is forcing malware authors to create more and more advanced and sophisticated malware. Such programs are almost impossible to detect with static analysis. Even when using dynamic analysis, a malicious file can recognize being executed by the virtual environment and change its code.Therefore, this study aims to create a dynamic analysis system, where the executable file is not able to detect being observed and can show its proposed in this article and fed to a machine learning algorithm - a support vector machine.Problems in programming 2023; 2: 84-9