Harvester open publications of NAS Ukraine
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From temporal data to dynamic causal models
No full textWe present a brief review of dynamic causal model inference from data. A vector autoregressive models is of our prime interest. The architecture, representation and schemes of measurement of temporal data and time series data are outlined. We argue that require- ment to data characteristics should come from the nature of dynamic process at hand and goals of model inference. To describe and evaluate temporal data one may use terms of longitude, measurement frequency etc. Data measurement frequency is crucial factor in order to an inferred model be adequate. Data longitude and observation session duration may be expressed via several temporal horizons, such as closest horizon, 2-step horizon, influence attainability horizon, oscillatory horizon, and evolutionary horizon. To justify a dynamic causal model inference from data, analyst needs to assume the dynamic process is stationary or at least obeys structural regularity. The main specificity of task of dynamic causal model inference is known temporal order of variables and certain structural regularity. If maximal lag of influence is unknown, inference of dynamic causal model faces additional problems. We examine the Granger’s causality concept and outline its deficiency in real circumstances. It is argued that Granger causality is incorrect as practical tool of causal discovery. In contrast, certain rules of edge orientation (included in known constraint-based algorithms of model inference) can reveal unconfounded causal relationship.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 183-19
A dialogue system based on ontology automatically built through a natural language text analysis
Get PDFAn integrated approach is created to the development of natural-language dialogue systems driven by an ontological graph database. Ontology here has a defined regular structure that contains typed semantic relationships between concepts, as well as related contexts, which may also have a multilevel structure and additional typing. The ontology is created automatically due to the semantic analysis of a natural language using a specially developed original software, which is set up to work with inflected languages, in particular Ukrainian. The ontology description is serialized in OWL format. To work as part of the dialog system, the ontology is transferred to the graph database Neo4j. The Cypher language is used for formal queries. The original phrases of the user are subject to a special method of semantic analysis, which determines the type of formal query to the database. The essence of the analysis is that the text of the user phrase goes through a series of checks. Based on their results, a set of basic templates for formal requests is determined, as well as additional constructions that are attached to the basic template. Some of the checks may also return the notion of substitution to certain specified positions of the formal query. Formal queries can return both contexts and lists of ontology concepts. In addition to concepts, queries can also return information about specific semantic predicates that connect them, which simplifies the synthesis of natural language responses. The synthesis of answers is based on special templates, the choice of which is directly related to the corresponding template of the formal query.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 196-20
Probable use of regional situational centers of the intellectual system «Сontrol_TEE» using UAVs
No full textTo ensure the optimal functioning of the complex objects of new technology and information systems being created, it is important to develop the principles of building hardware complexes taking into account the specifics of the cycle of a techno-ecological events. In this work, attention is paid to the further development of the methodological approach to the creation of a situational center based on a model of a geo-information sys- tem using a technopark of robotic systems with elements of AI, which implements a software complex of communication of unmanned transport of general purpose in the city environment with the base, helps to reduce costs and during crisis situations in which the access of expert people is difficult or fundamentally impossible. The charter of the sports federation of unmanned aviation of the sports and engineering direction has been developed, which unites athletes, coaches, sports judges, specialists and amateurs of organizations interested in the development of the sport of unmanned aviation and aerobatics shows. A multi-level architecture scheme for building a network of regional situational centers has been developed. Information about the UAVs movement in the city is sent to the central situational center (CSC) from the regional ones, all requests for UAVs to perform certain actions are sent to it via the Internet, this information is processed and decisions are made here, and all necessary communications are deployed here services regional situational centers, located in the protected perimeter, conduct radio exchange with UAVs in their area of operation, manage their area according to the general plan dictated by the CSC, have functionality for autonomous traffic control and execution of requests in case of loss communication with the CSC.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 349-35
Scientific documents metadata as a component of the system of the “open science” information resources
No full textOpen science is a movement that aims to make research results more accessible, including code, data, and scientific papers. It covers many different but often related aspects affecting the entire research life cycle, including open access to publications, open data of research, open source software, open workflows, public science, open educational resources and alternative methods of the research evaluation, including open peer review, expert reviews, etc. The key to effective application and integration of open science resources is their structured description based on the principles of completeness and necessity of meta-information, ease of use and interoperability. The units of such description are metadata. In fact, the quality of open resources begins with the quality of its metadata.This study does not cover the entire wide spectrum of open science resources. Its purposes are to define the system of characteristics that describe general and specific features of various types of scientific documents as a significant part of scientific knowledge of Open Science.To achieve the goal of the research it is defined a taxonomy of resources of open scientific documents and proposes an integrated system of their metadata. Proposed system of metadata is based on several classifier sets. It includes three major groups: internal characteristics – description of explicit features of the object of open knowledge (for example, the size or the type of the file), administrative characteristics – information about the object (authors, executers, etc.) and descriptive characteristics - information about the object’s content, its special features, links to other objects related to this.The metadata system is built based on the analysis of the existing metadata schemas and standards, search engines and digital libraries, and it takes into account similarity and specificity of each type of open documents.Prombles in programming 2023; 4: 27-3
Automation in e-procurement system with auction module
No full textThe article focuses on design and development around automation processes in complex e-procurement system with auction module. The complex system was built based on microservices architecture using latest server-side and client-side technologies. Data synchronization and integration amongst system’s various modules was implemented in real time via Web Socket protocol and database triggers. Web client notification methods involved SignalR technology. Data was stored in a distributed database and cached to dramatically improve query execution time. Authentication and authorization for users, modules, and subsystems was designed according to OAuth 2.0 standard with a proprietary implementation of the Proof Key Code Exchange algorithm and Backend for Frontend approach. The web client was built as a single page application using a strongly typed managed language to simplify development and debugging process. The client application was optimized with the help of lazy-loading algorithms for key modules, among them supplier, buyer, and common module. The system was composed into a Docker container to be ready to publish on cloud services or physical servers and support any operating system. A set of unit, integration, and system tests was created for each subsystem and module. Monitoring of the complex includes a technology stack to log, store, and visualize request statuses, latency, uptime, and overall health of the system. Existing automation flows for build and deployment were improved to accommodate the needs of the complex e procurement system. The system was designed and built for key stakeholders such as private enterprises acting as buyers and people or companies acting as suppliers.Problems in programming 2023; 2: 91-10
Maximum independent sets of graph vertices searching for software projects improvement
No full textThe need is fixed to software project enhancing with seamless integration of technological-descriptive and normative project manage- ment approaches by means of classical Graph Discrete Optimization Problems tailoring for software project management tasks, poorly equipped with best practices within technological approach. Class of software project management tasks is proposed to demonstrate the benefits of such integration. Two Boolean linear programming problems are investigated for searching some maximum size indepen- dent set (Section 1) and an algorithm for searching all possible maximum size independent sets (Section 2). Section 3 presents Problem Statement for searching a given number of non-intersecting independent sets with maximum sum of vertices’ numbers within independent sets. Based on it, Vizing-Plesnevich algorithm is described for coloring the graph vertices with the minimum number of colors.To solve Boolean problems, both specialized mathematical programming language AMPL and corresponding solver program named gu- robi are used. For basic algorithms developed, reference AMPL code versions are given as well as their running results.Illustrative examples of software project enhancing with the algorithms elaborated are considered in Section 4, namely: 25 specialists being conflicted during their previous projects partitioning into coherent conflict-free sub-teams for software projects portfolio; schedule optimization for autonomous testing of reusable components within a critical software system; cores composing for independent teams in a critical software project.Prombles in programming 2022; 3-4: 73-84
The task of digital transformation of the scientific information environment
No full textThe article discusses the issues of building interoperable scientific and informational structures based on the use of modern information technologies. Tasks related to the creation of theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of the Ukrainian fragment of the global digital interoperable environment of scientific knowledge are defined. The importance of permanent and unambiguous identification of digital resources to ensure their availability and reusability is noted. A synergistic approach to building an integrated digital environment of publishing houses and libraries is proposed. Attention is paid to the need to create a cooperative cataloging center in Ukraine to ensure one-time entry of scientific data and their subsequent multiple and multifaceted use by all interested institutions. The need for a fundamental solution to the problem of functional interaction of the conglomerate of scientific and information structures is emphasized, which will require the development of a new generation of information systems in which the problem of interoperability will be considered one of the main ones. Ukraine’s successes in creating electronic repositories are noted.The task of transforming functioning of the system «Bibliometrics of Ukrainian Science» into the National Bibliometrics of Ukraine is set. A conceptual model of National Bibliometrics is proposed.Problems in programming 2023; 1: 03-1
Development of intelligent information analytical webportals based on semantic Wiki technologies: problems and challenges
No full textWe analyse the main functions of modern web portals that differ them from other types of sites. In this work we consider intelligent information-analytical web portals as a specific subset of intelligent information-analytical systems, and their features and development trends that have an influence on their semanticization are analysed. As a part of such analysis we considered knowledge models and technologies of their processing that can be used for this aim. We determine standards and tools of the Semantic Web that can be used for the semanticization of web portals and describe the ways of such use on practical examples. Some basic requirements for technologies and instrumental tools used for development of semantic portals are considered. We analyse and classify typical problems related to the processing, structuring, and analysis of large volumes of data that arise in the process of creating and deploying such portals, and the criteria for evaluating the development opportunities of existing web portals are considered. On example of web portal based on semantic Wiki technologies we investigate practical problems of implementation and scaling of portal knowledge processing tools and services and propose some ways of their prevention and solution.Prombles in programming 2023; 3: 66-80
Module-based scientific physics engine architecture
Get PDFThe ever-evolving landscape of digital simulations demands innovative frameworks to achieve both realism and efficiency. The research highlights the issues of modern software architecture for physics simulation. The new architecture was developed to mitigate scalability and flexibility issues. The essence of the proposed architecture resides in the convergence of three pivotal concepts: the modular physics engine, the physics pipeline, and the Entity Component System (ECS) pattern. The modular physics engine represents a paradigm shift in simulation design. Compartmentalizing functionalities into modules, this approach fosters flexibility and reusability, enabling efficient construction of specialized simulations. The physics pipeline orchestrates simulations through structured stages, analogous to graphics pipelines. It guides dynamic forces, collisions, and interactions, optimizing resource use and integrating custom systems for accuracy. Complementing these, the ECS pattern decouples data and behavior, facilitating the construction of user defined physical pipeline comprised of loosely coupled modules. Combined with the modular physics engine and physics pipeline, ECS forms a comprehensive approach for complex physics simulations.Problems in programming 2023; 3: 30-39
Гриби і грибоподібні організми Ківерцівського національного природного парку “Цуманська пуща”
No full textAs a result of mycological surveys of the territory of Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha” during 2004–2021, 203 species of fungi and fungus-like organisms were detected and registered. A comparative analysis of the species composition of the mycoflora of the park was carried out. The most diversified and rich was the phylum Basidiomycota, which comprises 172 species, belonging to 48 genera of 49 families, ten orders of the class Agaricomycetes. Many rare macromycetes that are rare or relatively rare for Ukraine (i.e., Cortinarius bolaris, Craterellus cornucopioides, Entoloma bloxamii, Fistulina hepatica, and Gyroporus castaneus) and listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Grifola frondosa, Phaeolepiota aurea, Pseudoboletus parasiticus, and Sparassis crispa) have been discovered. For two species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Grifola frondosa and Pseudoboletus parasiticus), new localities have been discovered. As of today, the conducted studies expand information about the mycoflora of the Kivertsi National Nature Park “Tsumanska Pushcha”. However, the mycoflora of the park still requires further, more detailed research and inventory