Academy of Education and Social Sciences Review
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Exploring Superstitious Beliefs Among Educated Urban Population
Full text linkTechnical revolutions and scientific advancements are conspicuous, but still, false beliefs and superstitious behaviour are quite commonplace. It could be believed that these beliefs are held by less educated people. Therefore, the present study investigated superstitions among educated urban people. Using a qualitative research method, data was collected through interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. A total of 8 participants (i.e., 2 males and 6 females) participated in the study. All of the participants were highly educated (16 years’ education or above). A purposive sampling technique was used to include participants in this research. Detailed semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant with their consent. Seven themes were derived including brooming, marriage fixing, palm itching, eye blink, glass break, lucky stones, and lucky numbers. The study recommends inculcating scientific knowledge on a broader level in Pakistan
Infrastructural Needs for Establishing Non-Formal Schools in Afghanistan: A Case Study
Full text linkThis study explored the infrastructural needs for the establishment of Non-Formal Schools (NFSs) within the existing setup of mosques and guesthouses of the community, aiming to enrol out-of-school children and alleviate illiteracy in Kunar province, Afghanistan. Employing a case study and qualitative research design, 62 research participants from the education sector and the Hajj and Islamic Affairs sector were purposively selected. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that generally buildings and carpets were the available facilities for the initiative; however, other essential facilities such as furniture, teaching materials, stationery, and qualified teaching staff were needed for the establishment of NFSs in the province. The study suggests that the government need to collaborate with non-governmental organizations and support the initiative by devising comprehensive policies, allocating sufficient funds, and providing the basic infrastructure facilities to open NFSs addressing the issue of illiteracy in the province and the country
Experimental Investigation of Goal Framing Effect on Motivation Quality among Undergraduates
Full text linkGoal framing of a classroom task is important to give students future orientation. An independent group design experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of goal framing (intrinsic and extrinsic, as delineated in Self Determination Theory) of a reading activity on the motivation quality of university students. One hundred and ninety-three students (Mean age= 20.92, SD= 1.512) from six Psychology classes participated in the study through purposive sampling. Five teachers teaching in the Department of Psychology at Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi manipulated the conditions in their respective classes. Students received instructions on intrinsic, extrinsic, or no goal framing, read a text, and answered the adapted Situational Motivational Scale. The scale assessed their autonomous and controlled motivation and amotivation. ANOVA results showed no significant differences in autonomous motivation among the three framing conditions, whereas controlled motivation was higher in extrinsic framing than in no framing. Amotivation was higher in intrinsic framing and no framing than in extrinsic framing. This implies that extrinsic framing may help reduce amotivation among students and may not harm their academics in collectivist or developing societies. The findings contrast with those demonstrated in developed and Western contexts pointing towards a need for further exploration
An Exploratory Study of Cognitive Distortions and Psychosis among Meth-Amphetamine Users
Full text linkThis research aims at studying the cognitive distortions and psychosis among the meth-amphetamine users. This study was exploratory in nature and qualitative research design was used. The sample size of this study was N = 19 meth-amphetamine users who were residing in different rehabilitation centers of Islamabad/Rawalpindi and convenient sampling technique was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and then the thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis indicates that there is a strong association between cognitive distortions and psychotic symptoms. The results also highlighted that the most common type of cognitive distortions includes all or nothing thinking, mental filtering, and catastrophizing. This study has shown that hallucinations and paranoid delusions can cause significant harm to their day-to-day functioning as well as to their quality of life. The research highlight the critical role that social and emotional support plays in mitigating the impact of cognitive distortions on mental illness. The results of this study highlights the need of comprehensive intervention techniques which will target both the cognitive and psychosocial levels in the treatment of addiction to prevent the relapse rate
Exploring the Positive Teacher-Student Relationship on Students\u27 Motivation and Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Karachi
Full text linkThis research centers on the intricate facets of teacher-student relationships, spanning emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions. Existing literature underscores the notable impact of positive relationships on elevating student motivation and fostering active engagement in academic pursuits. Positive associations are evident between perceived teacher support, approachability, and academic achievement. Cultivating effective communication, trust, and nurturing environments within these relationships contributes significantly to enriched learning experiences and academic success. The study recognizes the prevalence of student anxiety arising from diverse stressors within educational settings. Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of anxiety enables the implementation of targeted strategies that not only alleviate stress but also promote emotional well-being. The literature review highlights the pivotal role of positive teacher-student relationships in shaping educational trajectories, focusing on emotional support, effective communication, and academic involvement. A robust quantitative research methodology was deployed and a sample of 250 participants was selected from schools through a stratified random sampling technique. Data collection included surveys and questionnaires, which were first trialed through a pilot test by adhering to ethical considerations. Statistical analyses encompassed descriptive statistics, normality tests, and various inferential tests to explore teacher-student relationships
Parental Expectations and Student’s Morality: Mediating Role of Frustration Intolerance
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine how student morality was affected by parents’ expectations and the emphasis was on moral disengagement and academic dishonesty. The study further demonstrated the mediating role of frustration intolerance between parental expectations and students’ morality. A sample of students was chosen from various educational institutions (colleges and universities) in the Attock and Wah Cantt districts. For data collection, the researchers used four reliable scales namely, Living up Parental Expectations Inventory (LPEI), Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS), Moral Disengagement Scale (MDS) and Academic Dishonesty Scale (ADQ). The findings from the research showed that students striving to live according to their parent’s expectations, students frequently indulge in moral disengagement and academic dishonesty. The findings additionally indicated that male students exhibited a greater degree of moral disengagement and academic dishonesty than female students furthermore frustration intolerance partially mediates the relationship between parents’ expectations and the moral behaviour of learners. The study findings suggest that to promote and fortify ethical actions in students, parents\u27 desire needs to be handled effectively. By considering the impact of the pressure of parental expectations on moral disengagement and academic dishonesty, parents and educationists can organise collective efforts to create a supportive atmosphere to encourage integrity and honesty among students in academic settings
English Grammar Test App: An Assessment of Grammar Skill from the Lens of Computerized Software
Full text linkThe study aims to assess the significance of the English grammar test application for secondary-level students to improve their English language grammar skills. Using an appropriate smartphone application for teaching and learning ESL grammar skills is a challenge that must be considered. On the other hand, other associated challenges, such as internet connection, suitable ESL teaching pedagogy, learners\u27 socio-cultural and socio-economic background, and low level of motivation among ESL learners, need a viable solution. Through mixed method techniques, pre-tests and post-tests were conducted. In both phases of the study, a purposeful sampling technique was used and the assigned teacher and a total of ten students were selected for filling in a questionnaire after the post-test. The data collected from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed through charts and tables, whereas the questionnaires were analyzed through QDA Miner and Word Stat. The study employed Skinner\u27s learning theory of Behaviorism (1976) to practice stimulus, response, and reinforcement techniques. The findings concluded that although the students faced learning constraints, the teacher and the students positively responded to the English grammar test application. The study can be useful for ESL /EFL students in various contexts
Reflective Practices: A Comparative Analysis of Gender-based Differences and Barriers at Higher Secondary School Level
Full text linkThe gender differences and barriers to reflective practice have been compared in the present study. The study\u27s main objectives were to observe the gender base differences in teachers about reflective practice and to check their views about barriers to following reflective practice. The nature of the following research was descriptive. This research paper sample consisted of 300 male and female teachers of higher secondary public and private schools. The collection of data was managed through a stratified random sampling technique. Inferential statistics were applied for the analysis of data. Gender base difference of opinions about reflective practice was discovered in this study as the female teachers showed more concern towards reflective practice as compared to their male colleagues. The results regarding the barriers to reflective practice were almost identical in public and private sector higher secondary schools. It was concluded that teachers of both the public and private sectors need professional training to apply reflective practices in classroom environments. It is suggested that technology can be applied in the teaching techniques which can be helpful to fulfill the present time needs
Role of Teachers in the Character Development of Students: Findings from a Systematic Review
Full text linkThis systematic literature review establishes teachers\u27 interactions in developing character among students in learning institutions. Through a comprehensive analysis of 30 studies published between 2014 and 2024, the review identifies four primary clusters of teacher influence: cultural and religious, discipline, leadership, moral development, and social development. The results indicate that teachers are the primary shapers of character and more than educators: They are the enablers, the navigators, and the helpers of character. The review also shows the general difficulty in character education and how the study highlights the need to focus on culture, use appropriate punishment/ reward interventions, innovative leadership, and equilibrium in moral development. However, the effectiveness of the instructional efforts in essentialist character education has been evidenced by challenges like teachers’ preparation and cultural diversity. Lastly, this review discusses the consequences of social integration, future research, and practical work in education. It emphasises the importance of subsequent research and policy initiatives focused on teacher preparation for character education in the context of increasing challenges and diversification in contemporary schools
Catastrophic Sways of Floods on the Education Sector in Pakistan
Full text linkThis study aimed to identify the impact of the 2022 floods on the education sector of Pakistan and to cope with the challenges faced by various stakeholders in the sector. The study employed qualitative research methodology to curate in-depth knowledge of the issue. A semi-structured interview guide was prepared to collect the data through individual interviews. The findings showed that the effects of floods ranged from damage to the school buildings to administrative and institutional infrastructure, along with a thrust on the psychosocial and economic impact on the families, educators, and children. The findings further highlighted the educational activities that had to be halted for months, leaving educators and learners stranded. It also highlighted the observations of local community leaders to deal with the education crisis on an urgent basis, giving direction in terms of preparedness to handle floods of similar magnitude in the future. The recommendations include reconstruction of the damaged schools, teacher training, coordination and cooperation among various departments, inter-sectoral cooperation to reach out to the poorest, and the provision of Temporary Learning Centres (TLCs). The study will assist in creating awareness about the grave nature of damages that occurred to the educational sector of Pakistan and the need for support