Academy of Education and Social Sciences Review
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183 research outputs found
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Study of Classroom Climate, Student Engagement, Self-Efficacy and Learning Experiences: An Analyses Employing Social Cognitive Theory
Full text linkThis study investigated the impact of classroom climate on students\u27 engagement, self-efficacy and learning experience. Using a quantitative research design, the data was collected from diverse participants in public sector colleges in Sindh, Pakistan. The study employed path analysis to test the hypotheses developed based on literature to assess the causal relationship between classroom climate and the selected critical variables. The Social Cognitive Theory was employed to assess the causal relationship. The path analysis revealed that all three hypotheses were supported. The statistical results of the research show the positive impact of a supportive classroom climate on students\u27 engagement, self-efficacy and learning experience. The results of this research align with the theoretical framework based on Bnadura\u27s social cognitive theory, which emphasises the reciprocal impact between social factors and personal development. The findings offer practical implications for teacher policymakers to uplift educational practices. This study identified classroom climate\u27s significant and vital role in harnessing students\u27 engagement, self-efficacy and learning experience. The results offer the foundation for future research
Assessing the Determinants of Services Exports of Pakistan: An Application of Extended Gravity Model
Full text linkThe services sector plays a crucial role in Pakistan\u27s economy based on its contribution to GDP and the engagement of most of the labour force with this sector. Services exports provide valuable foreign exchange earnings, and the focus on promoting services exports can resolve the balance of trade issue. Hence, this study investigates the key determinants influencing Pakistan\u27s services exports with its major trading partners. The study employed an extended gravity model through fixed effect, random effect and Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) methods by using data from 2000-2022 and found out that the GDP of the partner country, FDI, employment in services, logistics performance index (LPI), and services trade restrictiveness index (STRI) are important determinants of services exports in Pakistan. Pakistan is the most restrictive economy in the South Asian region which has higher STRI, resultantly the restrictions are negatively affecting the services trade and exports of the country. Moreover, the study evaluated that the USA, UAE, China, and UK are major export markets for export services of Pakistan. Based on these findings, the study suggests that Pakistan should improve its logistics infrastructure and reduce service trade restrictions to boost services exports
Application of AI in Talent Management: A Systematic Review of Benefits, Challenges, and Prospects
Full text linkThis systematic literature review explores the current state, advantages, disadvantages, and potential future of using artificial intelligence in talent management. A total of 29 articles published in 2015- 2024 suggest that 33% of the organizations have implemented AI/ML tools, and only 16% are optimally using HR technologies for organizational results. The review identifies four key domains of AI implementation: recruitment and selection, performance analysis, development and training of employees, and strategic implementation. Benefits include increased operational effectiveness, improved decision-making, organizational talent management, and workforce planning processes. That said, technical difficulties, ethical issues on the use of artificial intelligence, privacy, and some organizational individuals\u27 reluctance towards using artificial intelligence remain major hurdles. The results show an increase in the number of publications in recent years, focusing on 2023 and occupying the majority share of journals (83%). More future directions focus on developing a strong theoretical foundation, implementation proposals, and improved ethical standards. These observations indicate that AI holds the potential to revolutionize TM practices but also that organizations need to be cautious of the challenges pertaining to technology integration keeping in view the ethical and human aspects of organizational functioning to effectuate successful implementation
Effects of Depression on Students\u27 Academic Performance
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate the impact of depression on the academic outcomes of university-going students. For this purpose, a questionnaire called the “Depression Screening Test” based on a five-point Likert scale developed by Ivan Goldberg in 1993 was adopted. Academic performance was measured using the students\u27 cumulative grade point average (CGPA). A sample of 101 respondents has been collected via purposive sampling technique. Changes in depression explain 37.8 per cent of changes in the students’ performance, which is significant at a 1 per cent level of significance. Moreover, the regression analysis depicts that a unit change in depression has an adverse impact of 0.426 units change in the CGPA, which is significant at a 1 per cent significance level. It is recommended that universities must have a psychologist on board who facilitates the students to dilute the depression
Investigating Elementary Teachers\u27 Perceptions of Traditional Science Teaching Methods within the Single National Curriculum Framework
Full text linkThis study investigates elementary teachers\u27 perceptions of traditional science teaching methods within the Single National Curriculum (SNC) at the elementary level. The primary objectives were to evaluate the science achievement of Grade IV students using both cooperative and traditional teaching methods, to compare the effectiveness of these methods based on students\u27 ability levels, and to assess their impact across different science content areas. The study involved 69 elementary teachers, who provided data through a self-developed questionnaire, validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha during a pilot study. The data, collected via oral explanations followed by questionnaire completion, were analysed using statistical techniques such as mean and standard deviation. The findings reveal a preference among some teachers for traditional methods, citing their effectiveness in content delivery. However, there is also recognition of the need to enhance these methods with innovative techniques to improve student engagement and understanding. The study recommends refining traditional teaching approaches by integrating technology and experiential learning opportunities, ensuring a more comprehensive and effective science education experience for elementary students within the SNC framework
Inclusive Education: Strategies for Successful Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Mainstream Classrooms
Full text linkThis study aimed to assess the strategies that facilitate the effective inclusion for students with disabilities in mainstream classroom settings. It employed a descriptive quantitative research methodology, utilizing a pre-designed questionnaire for data collection that was informed by an extensive investigation of relevant literature and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. This study included descriptive statistics as well as inferential methods such as t-tests and ANOVA to analyse the replies. The findings indicate that educators hold a predominantly positive view of inclusive education strategies, particularly in relation to co-teaching, differentiated instructions and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). While variations were observed based on gender, title, and region, it was evident that collaborative planning among teachers was crucial. These disclosures highlight the importance of continuous professional development, collaborative relationships, and adequate allocation of resources in promoting inclusive practices. The objective of future research should be to enhance equitable learning environments for all students by conducting in-depth investigations into the professional backgrounds and contextual factors that influence the execution of inclusive education
Exploring the Themes of Horrors of The War, Power and Hegemony in The Manga “Barefoot Gen Vol. 1” in the Light of Dual Coding Theory
Full text linkThis study explores the themes of hegemony, power dynamics, and the horrors of war in the manga "Barefoot Gen Vol. 1" using Allan Paivio\u27s Dual Coding Theory as a framework. A semi-autobiographical historical manga titled "Barefoot Gen Volume 1" by Keiji Nakazawa is based on the Hiroshima bombing and all the hardships people endured before and after the attack. The research gap that has been identified highlights the lack of previous applications of Dual Coding Theory to Barefoot Gen Volume 1 as well as the lack of acknowledgement of manga as a helpful information source with visually appealing content. Six participants – comprising both manga-experienced and non-manga readers –were recruited using a semi-structured interview technique with deliberate sampling to assess images\u27 significance in comprehension. A thematic analysis of the provided interviews was conducted using the Braun and Clarke model. The findings highlight visuals\u27 pivotal role in improving comprehension of narratives related to history or war and show broad consensus regarding the theory\u27s applicability. By filling in the gaps in the literature, this work advances knowledge about the multifaceted role manga plays in narrating historical events and capturing readers\u27 attention through a dual-channel cognitive process
Psychological Distress and Job Satisfaction Among Resident Physicians Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals
Full text linkThis study intended to see the association between physicians\u27 psychological distress and job satisfaction and how multiple factors like speciality and duty duration affect mental health and job satisfaction. This research was based on a cross-sectional research design along with a quantitative approach. The survey method was used to collect data from the targeted population, including resident physicians in public and private hospitals. The sample was designed using the snowball sampling technique. The Sample was comprised of 175 participants from multiple tertiary care hospitals. The age range of participants was 25-45 years. Self-reported measures, including the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), were used. Data was analysed statistically and findings revealed a significant weak negative association between psychological distress and job satisfaction. In studying demographic differences, Female residents have more psychological distress and less job satisfaction than male residents. The present study shows significant differences in education, type of employment, salary and marital status. Besides the limitations of the study, these findings could assist healthcare professionals and policymakers in using techniques and assessments that help residents improve their health
The State of Organizational Learning in Catholic Schools of Karachi
Full text linkThis study endeavours to delve into the repercussions of organizational learning on the knowledge performance of educators within the Catholic schools of Karachi, Pakistan. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, enlisting the participation of 282 teachers, situated within the secondary schools under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Board of Education in Karachi. The data collection tool employed in this study was the Dimensions of the Learning School Questionnaire (DLSQ). To analyse the collected data, the research harnessed the statistical prowess of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 and Smart PLS 4. The findings of the investigation elucidate the existence of a notably positive and statistically significant relationship between individual-level learning and the knowledge performance of teachers. Similarly, this correlation extends to school-level and global-level learning, both exhibiting a significant association with knowledge performance within Catholic schools in Karachi. However, it is noteworthy that team-level learning failed to demonstrate any significant impact on the knowledge performance of these schools. The findings of the study will serve as a foundation for the Catholic School Board as well as the teachers to revamp their policies for the future
Perceived Social Support and Self-Esteem among Pregnant Women
Full text linkThis study aimed at studying the association between self-esteem and perceived social support among the pregnant women. This research was based on a correlational research design along with quantitative approach. Survey method was used to collect the data from the targeted population, including pregnant women in public and private hospitals and clinics within Islamabad and Rawalpindi, and the sample was designed using convenient sampling. was used. Self-reported measures including Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used. The gathered data was analysed statistically and the findings indicate that there is a significant positive association exists between perceived social support and self-esteem. In studying the demographic differences, it was demonstrated that educational and age group differences were mildly found in different groups. Middle adults showed higher level of perceived social support as compare to the young ones. Beside the limitations of the study, these findings could assist health care practitioners and lawmakers build stronger networks of support for pregnant women, which in turn can boost their mental health and self-esteem