Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Optimum Fertilizer Media and Plant Substrates: (Musa paradisiaca L. Peels, Carica papaya L. Peels and Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. Leaves) for the Growth of Freshwater Rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766)
No full textThe aim of this study was to search for a cheap source for the mass production of Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766 which is a good substitute for artemia in the culture of C. gariepinus hatchlings. Poultry manure (1.25 g/L), soya bean (1.25 g/L), groundnut cake (1.25 g/L) and single super phosphate (0.04 g/l) were used exclusively and in combinations as fertilizer media in the culturing of Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766 used in feeding C. gariepinus hatchlings. The four fertilizer media were combined to give four treatments with two replicates. Three fresh plant substrate (Carica papaya L. Peels, Musa paradisiaca L. peels and Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. leaves) were introduced into treatments labeled A (Poultry manure, soya bean, groundnut cake, single super phosphate and banana pills), B (Poultry manure, soya bean, groundnut cake, single super phosphate and Carica papaya L. Peels), C (Poultry manure, soya bean, groundnut cake, single super phosphate and cabbage slice) with D(Poultry manure, soya bean, groundnut cake, single super phosphate) as the control. A total of 20 Individuals/mL of Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766 were inoculated into each treatment and the culturing lasted for 12 days. At the end of the culturing period, the best doubling time (tD) were observed in treatment A and B with a doubling time of 2.89 on the 10th day.
Result of the study showed medium B and C to be sig. different (P< 0.05) and performing better than A and D in the early stages of the study. There was an initial lull in production using the C medium, as it had the least performance. By day eight, it had picked up and there was no sig. difference (P>0.05) in production of B. calyciflorus Pallas, 1776 using the four culture media. Thus any of the media can be used for mass production of B. calyciflorus. Use of media B and C is however, recommended because they had a higher carrying capacity and can sustain production over a longer period using a giving quantity compared to the other two media
Comparative Morphometry of the Genus Thais from Nembe, Bakana and Calabar
No full textAim: Morphometry of Thais spp found in the Niger Delta Mangrove vegetation of Bakana, Calabar and Nembe were examined and compared.
Study Design: The study is a cross-sectional observational study
Place and Duration of Study: The study ws carried out in Bakana, Calabar and Nembe during a period of six months(January to June, 2018).
Methodology: A total of 600 specimens (100 specimens per month) were collected during a period of six months (January to June 2018) from the three sampling communities. Three different species were identified namely: Thais coronata, Thais haemastoma and Thais lacera. Shell dimensions were measured to the nearest millimeter using Vernier calipers and weighed, to get the morphometric Characteristics: Whorl Diameter (WD), Shell length (SL), Shell width (SW), Body whorl length (BWL), Aperture length (AL), Aperture Width (AW) Shell Breadth (SB), and Animal Weight (AW). Number of whorls, number of primary spiral cord on the body and number of ridges or teeth inside of outer tip of the aperture were counted.
Results: The disparity between the morphometric traits across the different species identified were minimal as most of the species had similar values of morphometric traits. However, differences can be identified using their colour; thais coronata (dirty light grey), T haemastoma (light grey), and T lacera (plane grey). The Three (3) species had a modal length class of 3.5cm to 4.5cm. Thais coronata and Thais lacera had a modal weight class of 9-11grams while Thais haemastoma had a modal weight class of 6-7grams. It was observed with the aid of length/weight relationship that the found in all study.
Conclusion: It was observed with the aid of length/weight relationship that the Thais specimen found in all study locations exhibited a very weak linear relationship with very low R2 values across locations. The exponent b of Thais coronata and Thais haemastoma and T. lacera across the three study locations indicate a negative allometric growth pattern. The Month of April for samples collected from Nembe had the highest condition factor for the three (3) species. T. coronata (4.4), T. lacera (6.38) and T haemastoma (5.5)
A Short Review on the Halotolerant Green Microalga Asteromonas gracilis Artari with Emphasis on Its Uses
No full textThe halotolerant green single-celled Asteromonas gracilis isolated from the hypersaline saltern ponds of Messolonghi, Greece, was kept in laboratory cultures, grown effectively at various salinities and used for feeding rotifers, protozoa, copepods and Artemia sp. In all feeding trials all filter feeders accepted A. gracilis and grew. Additionally, as of its morphology, movement and culture reliability Asteromonas is a valuable teaching tool for phycological studies, supreme to the other usual microalgae for this purpose. The exploitation potential of A. gracilis in many sectors awaits research results, as literature data are scarce
Mycoflora, Proximate Composition and Mineral Analysis during the Storage of Smoked Dried Crayfish (Penaeus natialis - Shrimps)
No full textThis study was carried out to assess the changes in proximate composition, mineral content and mycoflora associated with smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) stored for twenty weeks. Smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) were purchased at Igbokoda, Ilaje Local Government Market, Ondo State, Nigeria. They were studied under storage for twenty weeks (6 months) and the proximate, mineral and mycofloral analyses were carried out at four weeks interval. The mycoflora were isolated using direct plating and dilution methods on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and identified using their cultural and morphological features with reference to standard procedures accordingly. The fungi isolated using direct plating methods and dilution methods were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigates, Rhizopus sp., Phytophthora siskiyouensis, Penicillum sp. and Mucor sp. The proximate analysis result showed a decrease in Ash, fat, and crude fibre content while moisture, crude protein and carbohydrate content increased respectively during the twenty four weeks storage. The mineral analysis result of the smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) showed a decrease in Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Cadmium and Phosphorous respectively. This study showed that the smoked dried crayfish Penaeus natialis (shrimps) were contaminated by fungi; which is an indication that the market places where these products were displayed for sale were not hygienic coupled with leaving the products in open air without coverage which could allow products contamination with fungal spores leading to fungal spores germination, deterioration and spoilage of products during storage. Good hygiene, constant product checking and sensitization of the products processors, handlers and sellers will minimize exposure to fungal spores’ contamination while mitigating deterioration and spoilage of the products during storage
Dietary Effects of Almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) Seed Powder on the Reproductive Indices in Male African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Broodstock
No full textAims: To examine the dietary effects of Prunus amygdalus dulcis seed meal on the sperm quality of male African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology Teaching and Research Farm, The Federal University of Technology, Akure for a period of 70 days.
Methodology: Five diets with crude protein of 40% were formulated with different inclusion levels of P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder. D1 (control) has 0 g of the powder, while D2, D3, D4 and D5 has 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of the P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder in 100 g of feed respectively. A total of 45 C. gariepinus were randomly distributed into 15 concrete tanks (2×2×1.5 m) at stocking density of 3 fish per tank and constant water level of 1 m was maintained in the experimental tanks. The fish were fed at 3% of body weight twice a day between 08.00-09.00 and 16.00-17.00 hours for a period of 70 days. At the end of the 70-day experiment, gonadosomatic index and reproductive indices such as milt volume, motility duration, spermatozoa count, percentage motility, percentage fertilization, percentage hatchability and percentage survival of fry were determined. The qualities of the milt were assessed by aid of microscope and by fertility tests. Histological examination of the testes of fish fed each of the diets was also carried out.
Results: Fish fed experimental diets showed significantly improved gonado-somatic index and reproductive indices over the control treatment. Higher gonado-somatic index and reproductive indices were recorded for the fish fed diet of 20 g/kg P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder compared to other experimental diets.
Conclusion: The results indicated that supplementing diets with P. amygdalus dulcis seed powder enhanced growth and improved gonadosomatic index, and reproductive indices of male C. gariepinus broodstocks which can be exploited in fish seeds production
Gonad Histology, Proximate Composition and Growth Efficiency of Nile Tilapia Fed with Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seeds Powder
No full textThe study was carried out to determine the effect of different inclusion levels of pawpaw seeds powder (PSP) on the proximate composition, growth and histological structure of Nile tilapia gonads. Nile tilapia were treated with pawpaw seeds powder at four levels at 0 g, 4 g, 8 g and 12 g PSP/kg feed for 60 days. The proximate composition of the carcass of the Nile tilapia showed that the 8 g PSP/kg feed treatment group had the highest values (mean ± SE) of Crude protein and ash (53.97 ± 0.094 and 20.05 ± 0.35) respectively. The highest body weight gain and specific growth rate was achieved at the 8 g PSP/kg treatment level but this treatment level showed the lowest feed conversion ratio. Histology of gonads of Nile tilapia treated with different levels of PSP revealed that ovaries and testes of 0 g PSP/kg feed were normal. Ovaries of the 4 g PSP/kg feed had degenerative stromas while testes had scanty spermatozoa. At 8 g PSP/kg feed, the ovaries showed increased atretic follicles and testes had degeneration of spermatozoa.Treatment with 12 g PSP/kg feed resulted in severe atretic follicles of the ovaries and deformation of seminiferous tubules and erosion of spermatozoa of the testes. The results of this study showed that pawpaw seeds powder can be used to control the breeding of Nile tilapia in production units
Study of Environmental Concerns of Dyes and Recent Textile Effluents Treatment Technology: A Review
No full textThe textile industry is one of the significant industries which produces large amount of wastewater effluents all year. The kind of these effluents has the features of higher rate of BOD, COD, complex structure, color, great emission and hard degradation. If being directly discharged without treatment, it will cause a potential hazard to the aquatic ecosystem and human. This paper provides the literature information about the environmental concern and their toxicity effects as well as classification of dyes. This review will present the methods for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution and wastewater effluents. The various dye removal techniques are classified into biological, chemical, physical methods, in addition to combination treatments. Biological methods include aerobic and anaerobic degradation bioremediation by bacteria & fungi and algae, while chemical methods comprise coagulation or flocculation combined through floatation and filtration, precipitation, electro floatation, electro kinetic coagulation, conventional oxidation methods by oxidizing agents such as ozone, irradiation or electrochemical processes. Furthermore, physical technologies as adsorption, ion exchange and filtration coagulation methods
Economic Analysis of Small-Scale Aquaculture Enterprise in Ghana; a Case Study of Sunyani Municipality
No full textAims: This study analyses the economic performance and gender distribution of the small-scale aquaculture of Ghana using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Cash flow as well as gender distribution of the small-scale aquaculture of Ghana.
Study Design: This study is exploratory in its design. The study identified certain relationships and associations. Data was gathered from a sample drawn from a population. Questionnaire-based interview was designed and administered to the small scale fish farmers in the Sunyani metropolis. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods will be employed for the study. A case study method will also be used due to the fact that it has the benefit of permitting for an intensive collection of data required to fulfil the goals of the research
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Sunyani Municipality in the Brong Ahafo Region of the Republic of Ghana between November 2017 and February 2018.
Methodology: The study randomly selected 20 farms out 40 farms and farmers interviewed using questionnaire. A 600 m2 pond was further selected as a model of the small-scale aquaculture and used to perform the economic analysis.
Results: The total start-up capital for a 600-meter square pond is estimated at 605.4484 and IRR of 24.19 percent.
With gender, the study reveals a huge gap in man-woman distribution in the fish farming trade. Majority of the farms surveyed did not females, with the male having 77 against the female with 23%.
Conclusion: The study has found a viable aquaculture industry with high profitability that can improve the livelihood of fish farming households
Expression of Heat Stress Biomarkers in Wild and Cultured African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchel, 1822)
No full textThe expression of heat stress biomarkers in wild and cultured African catfish Clarias gariepinus was investigated in this study. Twenty wild and cultured fish species of average weight of 400±50g were obtained from Owena dam, (Latitude: 7°20\u2746.04"Longitude: 4°59\u2754.99") and a reputable fish farm in Akure, Ondo State. Ten male and female fish from the two source were all conditioned for 3days in concrete tanks. The fish were stocked in concrete tanks of 2m x 2m x 1m with the stocking density of 5 in each tank and the water quality parameters were monitored. Fish were subjected to hyperthermia-induced shock at 39oC with the aid of a 2-kW heating rod (Binatone, Japan). At the end of the hyperthermia-induced stress. Blood samples were collected to determine the glucose level and the expression of Heat Shock Protein (HSP). The highest glucose level of 50mg /l was found in the cultured male African catfish and the lowest glucose level of 18mg/l was found in wild female African catfish. There was higher diversity and expression of HSP in cultured female fish than the wild male. The result of this study showed that the expression of stress biomarkers in African catfish Clarias gariepinus was influenced by the gender and the environment where the fish was found with the male and wild fishes showing more resistance to stress
Amino Acids Content Comparison with Different Processing Methods (Cook, Raw and Fermented) and Inclusion Levels of Delonix regia in Formulated Fish Diets
No full textThis study investigated the effects of different processing methods of Delonix regia seeds on amino acids composition of experimental diets. Ten isonitrogenous diets (40% crude protein) were formulated with cooked, raw and fermented Delonix regia seeds at 0% (Control), 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels respectively. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance, significant differences in means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. All the essential amino acids (lysine, arginine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine) differs significantly among the treatments except histidine which was statistically similar (P > 0.05) across the dietary treatments. The activity of essential and non- essential amino acid concentration was higher in cooked than the fermented and raw Delonix regia seeds. It was concluded that cooked Delonix regia seeds at 10% inclusion levels had the highest activities of essential and non-essential amino acids and could be used to supplement conventional feedstuff for livestock especially in fish nutrition and bioenergetics