Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
Not a member yet
1022 research outputs found
Sort by
Solid State Fermentation of Plant Protein Meals Using Lactobacillus acidophilus for Improving Feed Value
No full textUsage of some legumes and oil seed meal as fishmeal substitute is hampered by low protein content and anti nutritional factors (ANF). Inclusion of some exogenous enzyme cocktail like phytase, xylanase can reduce some ANF but is costly. Solid state fermentation of plant proteins is affordable and could be useful in upgrading the protein content, elevating the nutrient and mineral status and eliminating ANF from plant-based feed ingredients. We therefore extracted Lactobacillus acidophilus from intestine of adult African catfish. Extracted L. acidophilus was cultured at 37°C for 48 hrs in Mueller-Hinton Broth. Approximately 10 g of the bacteria broth containing 9.4 log 10 colony forming unit (CFU) per ml was mixed with 200 g meals of bambaranut meal and African yam beans meal placed in a brown bottom flask. The ground meals and bacteria mixtures were fermented for 72 hours. Temperature was maintained at 28.6°C to 34°C. The pH of the mixtures was measured everyday and the fermenting mixture was regularly stirred. Fermentation was stopped after 72 hrs and the meals were subjected to proximate analysis. Protein content of the meals significantly increased (P<0.05) as follows: BNM, 24.82±0.15% to 40.37±0.27% and AYB, 23.65±0.07% to 34.56±1.36%. Lipid content of meals significantly increased (P<0.05) as follows BNM, 7.11±0.01 to 14.29±0.05% and AYB, 2.96±0.45% to 5.76±0.09%. There was general decrease in composition of carbohydrate and ANFs were drastically reduced or completely eliminated from the meals
Growth and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) Fry Fed at Diffrerent Inclusion Levels of Wonderful Kola (Buchholzia coriacea) Seed Meal (BSM)
No full textThe effect of different inclusion levels of wonderful kola (Buchholzia coriacea) seed meal (BSM) on growth performance and survival rate of Oreochromis niloticus fry was investigated. Five days old mixed sex of O. niloticus (0.1– 0.2 g weight and 0.45 mm length) were subjected to powdered B. coriacea seeds meal (BSM) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/kg twice daily for 1 month from April-May, 2015. It was conducted in an indoor experimental plastic basin of capacity 50 cm in diameter and 30 cm deep. 60 fry per duplicates with a total of 720 fry, six isonitrogeneous treatments and 2 duplicates per each treatment. A complete randomized design and 30% Crude Protein were used. The highest mean length, mean weight, specific growth rate and weight gain observed are 0.488 mm, 4.68 g, 0.85 and 4.65 g respectively. The highest of survival rate (100%) was recorded in fish fed with 6 g/ kg BSM. Treatment 1 having 0% BSM (control) had the lowest weight gain. In conclusion, the addition of 4 g/ kg of BSM in a fish diet, has no negative effect on the growth performance and survival of O. niloticus
Stomach Content, Length-weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Tilapia spp. found in the Sombreiro River across Three Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textAim: The present study aims to determine the condition factor incomplete of Tilapia guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron in Sombreiro River across Buguma, Abonnema and Degema communities in Rivers State.
Study Design: This study employs fieldwork, laboratory experimental design, statistical analysis and interpretation of data.
Place and Duration of Study: Live fish samples were caught by fishermen in Buguma, Abonnema and Degema communities in Kalabari kingdom of Rivers State, and were conveyed in a rectangular plastic aquarium containing ice blocks and oxygen bags to the department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University. The duration of the study lasted for twelve weeks (65 days).
Methodology: One hundred and eighty fish samples give their average weights and lengths were identified. The fish samples were weighed using an electronic weighing balance, the total length and length of intestine were measured with a meter rule (cm), color of fish, spines and rays of fish were also observed. Their stomach contents were analyzed viewing under a microscope. The frequency of occurrence method and the numerical method were used for analyzing the food items.
Results: The stomach content analysis indicated that the major food was phytoplankton. The length and weight relationship in the three sampled stations for T. guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron showed negative allometric growth, (<3). The condition factor for all the fish samples was greater than one. The physicochemical parameters showed that there were significant differences in the various physicochemical parameters across the study stations except for turbidity (P=0.744) and salinity (P=0.922), that showed no significant difference across the study stations.
Conclusion: The length-weight relationship in fishes can be affected by a number of factors including season, habitat, gonad maturity, sex, diet, stomach fullness, health and differences in length ranges of the specimen caught. The exact relationship between length and weight differs among species of fish according to their inherited body shape, and within a species according to the condition (robustness) of individual fish.
The stomach content analysis of the sampled fishes provided a baseline study of food and feeding habits of Tilapia species in the sampled stations
Comparative Study of the Flesh Quality of Clarias gariepinus in Farm-raised and Wild Populations
No full textAim. Nutrients analysis of wild and farmed raised African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) were studied. The comparative work was carried out to find out if habitat could affect the nutrient composition of the fish.
Study design: Five live C. gariepinus were obtained for three wild location and three fish farm each (n=30). One-way analysis of variance was use to examine the nutrients composition across the study locations.
Methodology: Five individual fishes were randomly selected from the forty individuals in a population obtained from six locations. They were sacrificed and cut into three (tail, middle and trunk) chunks. These were oven dried at a constant temperature of 105ºC using oven model LCON53CF. The samples were later blend using electric blender and kept in airtight nylon for further analysis. Standard methods were employed in the analysis of body nutrients.
Results: A significant difference was observed in proximate composition of C. gariepinus on dry matter bases. The moisture and lipids content were lower in wild C. gariepinus (5.16±0.07;15.27+0.08%) than farm raised (5.25±0.10%;18.54+0.08%). The average protein and ash contents in farm-raised C. gariepinus were significantly (p<0.05) lower (66.23+0.08%; 5.00+0.07%) than wild C. gariepinus (67.24+0.09%;9.06+0.07%). Organoleptic study revealed differences in taste between wild and farm raised C. gariepinus (p<0.05). The amino acids profile showed little disparity in quantity in wild and farm raised C. gariepinus. No significant difference (p>0.05) was noticed in the mean values of amino acids in wild (4.21) and farmed raised (4.16) C. gariepinus. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher (56.24%) in farmed raised C. gariepinus than the wild stocks (44.53%) unlike the unsaturated fatty acids that was higher in wild (79.46%) than the farmed raised (54.03%).
Conclusion: The study revealed that wild fish possess some nutritional advantages over the culture C. gariepinus
Characteristics and Structure of Freshwater Fish Farmers in Ghana: A Socio-economic Analysis
No full textThis Study was undertaken in all the ten (10) administrative regions of Ghana with the aim of examining freshwater fish farmers’ characteristics and structure. Socio-economic status showing characteristics and structure are relevant and contribute towards the designing of more realistic people centered rural development programs in relation to high returns on projects and programmes.
Data was collected in 2016 using a semi-structured questionnaire, loaded unto an online data collection software (Kobo Toolbox) and configured on a tablet.
Results showed that the industry is male dominated. A greater percentage of the male and female respondents were in their productive years (36-65 years), highly educated (tertiary level) and married. The main occupation of most fish farmers is agriculture with an average household size of 6.
A higher percentage of both sexes had none of their children involved in aquaculture. Average fish farming experience for males and females was 6 and 5 years respectively with a range of 1 to 10 years. Main production systems is pond followed by cages and the key cultured species is tilapia (Oriochromis Niloticus) with the others being catfish (Clarias gariepinus), heterotis (Heterotis niloticus) and snakehead (Barachana obscurus). A greater percentage of the respondents were involved in monoculture system. Both male and female fish farmers practiced mainly semi-intensive system for pond culture followed by intensive system of farming mainly for cage culture. The number of production cycle is mainly 1 followed by 2 in a year. Sampled farmers practiced semi-intensive, intensive and extensive systems of farming and the three main land ownership categories accessed by fish farmers were outright purchased, freehold and leasehold.
Main source of funding for fish farming is self for both sexes. Both accessed their fingerlings mainly from the private sector. A greater percentage procure fish feed from local source while the three main sources of water for fish farming were rivers, streams and boreholes
Comparative Assessment of Single and Joint Toxicity of Bulk and Nano Scale Heavy Metals (Al2O3, CuO and SiO2) Using Haematological Parameters as Biomarker in Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
No full textGlobal technological advancement has resulted in the gradual replacement of traditional bulk size compounds with nano-sized ones with diverse useful characteristics. This study is focused on the toxicological assessment of three nano-metallic oxides (SiO2, Al2O3 and CuO) in comparison with their equivalent bulk sizes using African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The study involved sub-lethal exposures to binary mixtures of selected ratios (1:1; 2:1 and 1:2) of the respective metallic bulk and nano oxides as well as their triple mixture (1:1:1) for 28 days. The catfishes after 28 days were subsequently subjected to haematological tests (Haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume, Red blood cells, Platelets, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Mean cellular volume, Mean Cell haemoglobin, and Mean Cell haemoglobin Concentration). The results of the haematological assessment indicated that most of the nano-sized oxides showed no significant difference (P>0.05) compared to control whereas the bulk sizes either showed no difference or decrease in the count compared to control. In most of the binary mixtures, catfishes exposed to bulk sizes had lower levels of the haematological parameters but there was no overall trend. The introduction of nanoscale metallic oxides into production activities should be with caution since they may have a similar mode of toxicity to the existing bulk sizes
A Study on Some Biological Aspects of Giant Snakehead Fish (Channa micropeltes) in Huai Suea Ten Wetland Site in Thailand
No full textThis research was aimed to study on biological aspects of giant snakehead fish (Channa micropeltes) in Huai Suea Ten wetland site, Nam Phong District, Khon Kaen Province in Thailand between April, 2017 and March, 2018. Thirty-six fish species belonging to 17 families were observed at 10 sampling sites. Three Channidae fishes, namely snakehead fish (Channa striata), giant snakehead fish (Channa micropeltes), and forest snakehead fish (Channa lucius), belonging to the family Channidae were reported. A total of 230 giant snakehead fish were found in this survey which consisted of 118 males and 112 females. The sex ratio (male: female) was 1:0.95. The gonadosomatic index value of the female (0.79±0.05%) was higher than that of the male (0.25±0.08%). The body length and body weight of a total of 230 giant snakehead fish observed in this study showed the average of a total body length was 43.71±11.72 cm; and the average of the body weight was 448±173 g/fish. The condition factor of giant snakehead fish observed in 12 months were in a range of 0.45-0.74 for the male and 0.39-0.70 for the female. The ratio of the body and intestinal length of giant snakehead fish was as 1: 0.70. The stomach digesta components, expressed as the percentages of a whole stomach content weight of this fish species consisted of 51.8% of fish fillet, 30.3% of small fish and 17.9% of digested digesta
Water Quality Status of Tono and Vea Reservoirs for Aquaculture Development in the Upper East Region of Ghana
No full textUnderstanding aquatic ecosystem dynamics is fundamental to sustainable development of aquaculture. This study explores the water quality characteristics over temporal and spatial scale in Tono and Vea Reservoirs in the Upper East Region of Ghana for aquaculture development. Water samples and in-situ measurements were taken for fifteen months, from February 2015 to March 2016. Monthly water quality monitoring were based on stratified sampling from upstream, midstream and downstream zones of these reservoirs. Standard analytical methods for examination of water were employed during sampling and laboratory analysis of reservoir water quality. Phytoplankton analysis was done using light microscopy to obtain phylum abundance. Multivariate statistical methods were used to investigate water quality dataset obtained. Cluster analysis grouped fifteen months of water quality changes into three seasonality regimes (periods) based on temporal variation. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced eighteen water quality variables into five and three factors with total variance of 88.26 % and 79.30% for Tono and Vea reservoirs, respectively. With pH > 7 and alkalinity > 20 but < 100 mg L-1 CaCO3, both reservoirs have alkaline water. Dissolved oxygen was > 5 mg L-1. Three phyla of phytoplankton were identified with dominant (in abundance) phylum as Chlorophyta (72%) occurring in Tono reservoir. To understand the spatial relationship using correspondence analysis (CA), the first axis of CA explained 84.2% and 64.3% of total variation in relative abundance of phytoplankton phyla for Tono and Vea reservoirs, respectively. Thus, Cyanophyta showed strong positive association with conductivity, total hardness, nitrate, sulphate, turbidity, water depth and dissolved oxygen which were responsive to the midstream and upstream zones of Tono reservoir. Whiles in Vea reservoir, Chlorophyta under same water quality variable showed responsiveness to the midstream and downstream zones. Reservoir water quality studied were within acceptable limits for fish culture but changes could be linked to anthropogenic activities on reservoir catchment area and seasonality regime. Results from this provide a baseline to enable information to enable assessment of aquaculture impact in Tono and Vea reservoirs. The use of multivariate analysis could be a reliable statistical method for assessing water quality on a spatio-temporal scale
Structure of Macrozoobenthos (Gastropods) Community in Mangrove Forest Ecotourism Pandansari Kabupaten Brebes, Central Java
No full textAims: This research aimed to analyze the abudance and diversity of macrozoobenthos in the Gastropod Class in the Ecotourism Waters of Pandansari Mangrove Forest, Brebes Regency, Central Java.
Study Design: The research was conducted by survey.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out for 3 months between December 2018 until February 2019 in Ecotourism Forest Areas in Bakau Pandansari, Brebes Regency, Central Java.
Methodology: The method used in this research was survey methods using primary data in the form of physical chemistry of aquatic data, gastropod abundance, diversity index, equitability index. Data collection techniques using purposive sampling in determining 3 stations and 3 repetitions. Data analysis in this research used descriptive statistics.
Results: Research results found 9 species of Gastropods inhabiting the mangrove ecosystem, namely Casidulla aurisfelis, Cerithidea sp, Cerithidea alata, Cerithidea cingulata, Cerithidea obtusa, Polinices sp, Puperita sp, Telescopium telescopium and Turiculla nellial-suprius. Gastropod abundance ranged from 67 - 166 ind / m2. Gastropod diversity index in the medium category 2 <H’ ≤ 3. Uniformity values ranged from 0.79 to 0.81 with a high category. The relationship between water quality and gastropods had an R2 value of 97%, water quality can affect gastropod life and as much as 3% is influenced by other factors.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this research that has been done, it can be concluded that in general environmental parameters in the Pandansari mangroves are still favorable in supporting the survival of the gastropods inhabiting them
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Markers in Clarias gariepinus Heart Exposed to Mercury and Ammonium Chloride
No full textReactive Oxygen Species (ROS) parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in heart of Clarias gariepinus weighing (15 ± 1.7 g) in toxic exposure to mercury concentrations, 0.1 mg/ L group B, group C 10 mg/L ammonium chloride and group D 0.1 mg/L mercury and 10 mg/L ammonium chloride for 7 consecutive days at 26 ± 1°C temperature. Group A was exposed to water alone and serve as control. At the end of the experimental period, Reduced glutathione (GSH), NO levels and the activities of Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) in heart were assayed. The result showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in the activities of ALT, Peroxidase, and SOD. However, a significant decrease in the levels of total protein content, GSH and NO were also observed. The results showed that the combined effect of mercury and ammonium had an adverse effect greater than that obtained individually