Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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1022 research outputs found
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Arginase-Mediated Ureogenesis as an Adaptive Response to Water Restriction in Heteropneustes fossilis
No full textIt is well-known that fishes excrete ammonia as their major nitrogenous waste product. However, if they are kept in a water-restricted condition for a certain period of time, they may switch over to urea excretion. In the present study, it was tried to ascertain if in Heteropneustes fossilis (Shingi fish) ureogenesis is of any importance which may avoid any deposition of toxic ammonia during water-restricted condition. For the experiment, hundred fishes were collected and used. Urea and ammonia, excreted in the water of the aquarium, are estimated and the activity of arginase was measured in the hepatic tissue for three (03) months. During the experimental period of three (03) months, in Heteropneustes fossilis the excretory ammonia was found to be decreasing as compared to the excretory urea which showed a gradual increase during the experimental period. In Heteropneustes fossilis, a high degree of correlation is observed between excretory ammonia and urea with r (coefficient of correlation) above 0.9. However, the correlation between the activity of arginase and excretory ammonia and urea is found as moderate. The present work signifies that even if Heteropneustes fossilis faces water scarcity, it can change its metabolism and thus this does not impact the culture of this fish
Screening of Potential Bioactive Compounds in the Ethanolic Extract of Seaweed Acanthophora nayadiformis (Florideophyceae) Collected from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia
No full textSeaweeds are rich in bioactive and medicinal compounds. These natural compounds are known for their ability to combat various diseases and health disorders. The present study aimed to explore the biochemical profile and pharmacological properties of the red macroalga Acanthophora nayadiformis which was collected from Jeddah coast of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The ethanolic extract of A. nayadiformis was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A diverse array of bioactive chemicals were found, including fatty acids, esters, alcohols, alkanes, terpenoids, and steroidal derivatives. The major ingredients were 12-Methyl-E,E-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol (16.74%), Octadecanal, 2-bromo- (8.56%), 17-Octadecynoic acid (5.83%), and 1-Heptatriacotanol (5.48%). The identified compounds are reported to exhibit significant biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anticancer effects. The predominance of PUFA derivatives and the detection of antimicrobial and cytoprotective agents in A. nayadiformis support its value as a natural source for pharmaceutical development. This research highlights the multifunctional bioactivity of seaweed extracts and their promise for future drug discovery and biotechnology applications
Application and Evaluation of Bacillus Sp. as Feed Additive for Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Reared in Floating Net Cages
No full textVaname shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) is one of the shrimp species introduced to Indonesia. This shrimp has now become a major commodity with growing domestic and international market demand. This increase is still below global demand, so the use of marine areas for vaname shrimp farming has great potential, namely through the use of floating net cages. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding Bacillus sp. probiotic to feed on the growth and survival rate of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study was conducted from August to September 2025 in Ekas Bay, Ekas Buana Village, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The research method used was an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 treatmentsds, namely without probiotic bacteria administration (A), administration of Bacillus sp. probiotics at 1.5 g/kg of feed (B), administration of Bacillus sp. probiotics at 3.0 g/kg feed (C), administration of Bacillus sp. probiotic 4.5 g/kg feed (D), and administration of Bacillus sp. probiotic 6.0 g/kg feed (E). Vaname shrimp were raised in 1x1x1m floating net cages at a density of 50 shrimp/1m3 for 56 days. The parameters observed in this study included weight and length growth, survival rate, and blood profile. The results showed that the addition of Bacillus sp. probiotic bacteria to the feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on absolute growth, specific growth rate, and survival rate, while it had no significant effect on blood profile. The administration of Bacillus sp. probiotics at 6.0 g/kg of feed resulted in the highest values for absolute weight growth (10.00±0.08 g), absolute length growth (6.85±0.07 cm), specific growth rate (3.17±0.07 %/h), and survival rate (85.33±5.03 %). The addition of Bacillus sp. probiotics has been proven to increase the growth and survival rate of vaname shrimp in floating net cages. A dosage of 6.0 g/kg of feed can be considered the optimal dosage for cultivation in the field
Parasitic Challenges in Culturable Freshwater Fish: A Comprehensive Review
No full textThis review highlights about Parasitic Challenges in Culturable Freshwater Fish. Fish populations are subject to numerous natural and anthropogenic factors which reduce abundance. In grouper aquaculture, a diverse range of parasitic organisms have been documented to cause substantial issues. Protozoans, particularly ciliates, are the primary source of parasitic illnesses in groupers in the hatchery and nursery phases. Grouper fries are subjected to handling and travel stress when they are transferred to grow-out facilities. Ciliated protozoans, skin, and gill monogeneans and caligid copepods are all common parasites carried by these fish. Protozoans, monogeneans, didymozoid digeneans, nematodes, caligid copepods, isopods and leeches are among the primary parasites of cultivated groupers discussed in this review paper. The study underscores the need for improved management strategies to mitigate the economic losses caused by parasitic infections, highlighting their role in fish mortality, reduced growth rates, and compromised marketability. Furthermore, it contributes to the broader understanding of fish-borne zoonotic diseases, emphasizing their implications for human health and food safety
Evaluating Fermented and Hydrolyzed Rice Bran for Improved Biofloc Performance in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Rearing
No full textBackground: Biofloc system uses the presence of microorganisms in the culture system to generate flocs from nitrogen waste, thus permitting continued water usage. Factors like carbon source, carbon to nitrogen ratio, and stocking density, affect the quality and density of microorganism and the productivity of the biofloc system. This study aims to determine the growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and proximate composition of catfish reared in a biofloc system using rice bran (RBB), fermented rice bran (FRB), and hydrolyzed rice bran (HRB) as carbon sources.
Methods: Fingerling catfish of an initial mean weight of 10.55 ± 2.60g were stocked in outdoor 200-liter plastic tanks in a randomized design with the three treatments in two replications. A biomass (g) to volume (l) ratio of 1:2 was maintained throughout the experiment. The carbon-nitrogen contents in the feed, water, and treatment carbon were used to ensure an overall 15:1 C-N content in the system.
Results: The weight parameters and FCR at the end of the 8-week rearing trials were significantly higher (P˂0.05) for the catfish cultured in FRB and HRB treatment, with no significant difference between the two. The highest weight gain (46.55g) was recorded in FRB treatment while the lowest value of weight gain (40.50g) was in RBB. The crude protein (65.44%) was significantly higher (P˂0.05) in the FRB and lowest in the RBB, with values of (61.85%). The crude protein and lipid of the biofloc produced in the system were not significantly different (P<0.05) between FRB and HRB treatment. The moisture content was highest in FRB while the ash was lowest in HRB.
Conclusions: This experiment showed that acid-hydrolysis and solid-phase fermentation of rice bran could boost its performance as a biofloc carbon source, even though latter has been well reported
Evaluation of Rearing Environment Influence on General Body Measurements of Catfish, Khartoum State, Sudan
No full textBetter knowledge of nutritional value of fish, which is expected to be closely associated with fish species, could contribute to the understanding of variability in meat quality of different species of the Nile fish. This study was conducted in Khartoum State, The aim of this study was to evaluate General body measurements of fish of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and their rearing environment in Khartoum State. A total of 60 samples of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from Nile river and earthen ponds fish farms around Khartoum State and subjected to the General measurements of fish (The total length (cm), standard length (cm), body depth (cm) and head length (cm)). Also, a total of 36 samples of water were collected from the ponds where fish samples were taken, Water quality parameters (No2, No3, Cl2, PH, TDS, EC. and Salinity were done where fish samples has been collected. The data was subjected to SPSS by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings of this study revealed that, showed a highly significant difference (P≤0.01) in all general measurements of Catfish. And catfish (C. Gariepinus) from Nile environment Fish from earthen pond environment recorded the higher figures in general measurements except the head length was higher in Nile river fish and there was highly significant difference (P≤0.01). However, when compare Nile River water and earthen pond water, we found that; the pH and electrical conductivity showed a highly significant difference (P≤0.01), and total dissolved solids and salinity showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Accordingly, the study concluded the farm fish observed has greater general measurements than Nile river fish except the head length was found bigger in Nile fish. Also, Nile river aquaculture environment is an immediate environment in relation to ponds environment. The study recommended that, aquaculture is so recent in Sudan and only few farmers are realize about water quality parameters, hence the facilities and equipment for physico-chemical parameters measurements should be facilitated to aquaculturists and rearing fish
Analysis of Lead (Pb) Content and Its Effect on Water Quality and Substrate in Mandalle Coastal Waters, Pangkep Regency, Indonesia
No full textCoastal regions are naturally prone to environmental contamination, including the presence of lead pollutants. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the condition of Pb content in the Mandallle Coast of Pangkep Regency concerning water (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH) and substrate quality (pH, organic matter, and texture). The method adopted was explanatory analysis, directed towards obtaining comprehensive insights into the presence of Pb metal within the waters, water quality parameters, and substrate characteristics of Mandalle Beach along the coast of Pangkep Regency. The research was performed over a duration of three months, spanning from April to June at the precise locale of Mandalle Beach situated in the Mandalle District of Pangkep Regency, Indonesia. The selection of Mandalle Beach stemmed from allegations of lead pollution plaguing the environment and the frequent community activities transpiring in the area amplify the potential for Pb contamination. The results showed that the content of heavy metals was in the non-hazardous range based on the analysis of Pb using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer because the research locations had a lead content below 1 ppm. The constituents of water quality, including temperature, salinity, pH, and oxygen levels are within ranges conducive to the sustenance of aquatic organisms. The analysis of substrate attributes, including pH, organic composition, and texture, indicates that these parameters remain well-suited for the habitation of various organisms
A Comparative Analysis of the Physiological Condition of Cirrhinus reba, Reba Carp (Day, 1878) of Dhepa and Atrai Rivers, Dinajpur District, Bangladesh
No full textBackground: Bangladesh is enriched with huge water bodies which are considered as the gold mines fisheries sector as well as national economy. The main rivers of Dinajpur districts are: Dhepa, Punarbhaba and Atrai.
Aims: The study aims to investigate the health condition of Cirrhinus reba in Dhepa and Atrai river of Dinajpur district by evaluating the water quality parameters, body indices and haematological parameters.
Methodology: Nine fishes were randomly collected from each source for determining the body indices (hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat and viscerosomatic index) and haematological parameters analysis (haemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell count, total platelet count, differential leucocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). The study was conducted in the Dhepa River near Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur and the Atrai River near Mohanpur Bridge, Dinajpur, for six months from October 2019 to March 2020. Fish sampling and water quality parameters (air and water temperature, depth, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and hardness) were monitored monthly.
Results: The highest air and water temperatures were recorded in October, while the lowest were found in December in the Dhepa and Atrai rivers. The highest transparency and pH were observed in January in the Dhepa and Atrai rivers, while the lowest were recorded in October and November, respectively. The body indices result revealed that HSI (0.04-0.09%), IPF (0.17-1.47%) and VSI (14.25-20.38%) of C. reba were observed in both Dhepa and Atrai rivers. The lowest WBC, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were found in the blood of C. reba collected from both sources in December, while the highest total platelet count and ESR were recorded from the fish collected from the Dhepa River only in October. The highest levels of Hb, WBC and lymphocyte count were observed between February and March 2020 in both the Dhepa and Atrai rivers.
Conclusion: It can be said that the health condition of C. reba collected from both sources are apparently healthy, and better haematological parameters were observed in the months of February and March 2020
Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters, and Cost-benefit Analysis of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles Fed Diets with Varying Levels of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Peels
No full textThe current high cost of conventional energy feedstuffs used in fish feeding due to its global scarcity and fierce human vs. animal competition calls for united effort towards finding alternatives, cost-effective and sustainable aquaculture feed. The experiment was conducted for 16 weeks to examine the effect of the supplementation of orange fleshed sweet potato peels in Clarias gariepinus juveniles\u27 diet. There were 6 treatments ([Control; 0%], 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% inclusion) with 3 replicates each, for a total of 18 tanks. All tanks were stocked with 10 fish (initial mean weight of 6.64 ± 0.01g).to study the effect of dietary inclusion of orange fleshed sweet potato peels on growth performance and biochemical profiles of C. gariepinus juveniles. Fish were fed 5% of their body weight twice daily, and water quality was analyzed by standard procedure. Results indicated a significant difference in growth performance, feed utilization and biochemical profiles between the control and treatment groups (P<0.05). Control diet (D1) recorded the highest mean weight gain (MWG) (169.80±2.21) and specific growth rate (SGR) (1.19±0.00), and the diet with 100% orange fleshed Ipomea batatas peels (D6) recorded the lowest mean weight gain MWG (112.34±0.48) and SGR (1.05±0.00). Biochemical analysis indicated there is significant differences(P<0.05) among treatment groups and control. Serum glucose and creatinine increased with increasing percentage of inclusion of orange fleshed Ipomea batatas peel, but globulin, albumin, total protein, and electrolytes (potassium and sodium) decreased. Economic study indicated that feed cost was significantly reduced with inclusion of orange fleshed Ipomea batatas peel in the feed, and 100% orange fleshed Ipomea batatas peel diet showed highest margin of profit. This study concludes that, inclusion of orange fleshed Ipomea batatas peel in Clarias gariepinus juveniles’ diet is cost-effective, especially at levels of moderate inclusion (20 to 40%). However, higher inclusion levels (80%–100%) are detrimental to growth performance and certain biochemical parameters, although, the growth of fish decreased with increase in the level of inclusion of orange fleshed sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) peels, the cost of producing a kilogram of the diets decreased with increased in the level of inclusion. Also, there is no significant difference in the survival of the fish. Therefore, sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) which is free of charge, is a good alternative energy source to maize which is currently very expensive and should be included in Clarias gariepinus juveniles’ diet at 20 % inclusion level for healthy appearance and growth performance
Effects of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) Concentration on Growth and Chlorophyll-A Content of Seaweed Ulva sp. in a Controlled Culture System
No full textSeaweed Ulva sp. has great potential in sustainable integrated cultivation systems to reduce the impact of exploitation in nature. This research aimed to analyze the effect of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) concentration on the growth and chlorophyll-a content of seaweed Ulva sp. in a controlled culture system. The importance of this research is to develop sustainable cultivation systems without harming natural ecosystems by utilizing available nutrients in the form of TAN. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 TAN concentration treatments: (P0: 0 ppm, P1: 0,010 ppm, P2: 0,025 ppm, P3: 0,050 ppm, P4: 0,075 ppm) with 3 replications. The culture was conducted for 15 days at the Aquaculture Environment Laboratory, University of Mataram. Parameters observed included absolute weight growth, specific weight growth rate, thallus sheet width and length, and Chlorophyll-a content. Research results showed that the highest absolute weight growth was achieved in treatment P1 (17,67%), the highest specific growth rate in P3 (3,39%), the highest thallus sheet width growth in P4 (2,83 cm), and the highest thallus length growth in P4 (3,50 cm). The highest Chlorophyll-a content was found in the control treatment P0 (8,06 mg/l), but based on the one-way ANOVA test results, there was no significant (p>0,05) effect on the growth of Ulva sp. However, the 2nd order polynomial regression test revealed a strong relationship between TAN concentration and growth, with R² ranging from 88-94%. Water quality during culture remained within normal range. The conclusion of this research indicates that TAN concentrations in the range of 0-0.075 ppm (mg/L) were only able to support the survival of seaweed Ulva sp. without providing significant effects on its growth. Further research with higher TAN concentration ranges is recommended to determine the optimal growth point for Ulva sp