Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Frequency of Water Change on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Liver Histology of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758)
No full textThe study was conducted to investigate the frequency of water change on the growth performance, nutrient utilization and body indices of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. O. niloticus of average body weight of 15 g were stocked and fed with 42% crude protein diet twice daily. The experiment had three treatments with 50% changing of water, every 2days, every 4days and every 7days. The water quality parameters were not significantly different among the treatments except for pH. Weight gain, percentage weight gain and specific growth rate were slightly higher in the 4days interval of changing water with values; 57.65±8.95 g, 33.93±5.16 % and 0.52±0.07 % day-1 respectively. Higher but not significant yield in relation to the volume of water used was obtained in 7days interval (0.46±0.09 Kg m-3). Slightly higher values of condition factor, viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index were recorded in the 4days water changing interval. Higher glycogen content was observed in water changes every 4days. All the livers were healthy with the mildest vacuolations in the treatment with water changes once in a week. The results showed that O. niloticus juveniles can be reared with water changes every 7days with no negative consequences. Water changes every 4days tended towards the best
Heavy Metal Accumulation among Different Organs of Cultured Rohu and Catla along with Evaluation of Enzymatic Activities in Examined Organs
No full textAims: The present study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals and to evaluate whether there are any serious toxic effects of the widely exposed heavy metals namely arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in different tissues of two commercially important cultured fish Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Catla (Gibelion catla)
Study Design: The study was designed based on Randomized Block Design (RBD) to avoid all kinds of possible biases as well as for ensuring the representation of different fish farms. Three replications were maintained to deal with the possible errors caused by sampling.
Methodology: Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As) and Chromium (Cr) were analyzed in a graphite furnace (GBCGF 3000 with Zeeman background corrector) with an auto sampler using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). ALP (alkaline phosphates) activity of liver, Kidney and muscle was assayed using the standard method stated by Garen and Levinthal (1960) [1]. ATPase enzyme activity was determined to follow the standard method stated by Post and Sen (1967) [2]. During each month, ten individuals of the targeted two species each incorporating with three replications were collected from four intended fish farms, with a total of 240 fishes in the study period.
Results: The obtained results stated the highest concentrations of all heavy metals (except arsenic) were recorded in Rohu fish with no significant difference with the other investigated fish species Catla. Organ wise heavy metal concentrations in Rohu (Labeo rohita) fish showed that Lead (Pb) concentrations were higher in all organs compared to other investigated heavy metals. The recorded values of Pb in gills, livers, kidneys, and muscles were 0.021, 0.021, 0.028 and 0.008 ppm respectively. In case of Arsenic (As), the highest concentration was recorded in kidneys while the Chromium (Cr) showed higher accumulation in the muscles. While it comes to Catla (Gibelion catla) fish, similar results were demonstrated where Lead (Pb) concentration was the highest and Chromium (Cr) concentration was lowest. Among all the three heavy metals, the accumulation trend of Arsenic (As) was found highest in gills of Catla (Gibelion catla) but Lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) were accumulated in high concentration in kidneys of the same species. The average concentration of different heavy metals in the two investigated fishes were lower than the standard recommended value (0.01ppm) except for Arsenic (As) in Catla (Gibelion catla) which was 0.013ppm. Enzymatic activities like ATPase and ALP were recorded highest in kidney tissue and the lowest in muscle in case of both fish species.
Conclusion: Even though the average values of Arsenic in Catla (G. catla) fish was slightly higher than the recommended value suggested by WHO [3], the concentration is lower in edible part muscle which in turn indicates that the cultured Rohu (L. rohita) and Catla fishes in the Chattogram region are safe for human consumption
Degeneration in Renal Cells of Freshwater Fish (Channa punctata) under Exposure of Nigrosine Black (Acid Black-2), a Tanning Industry Dye
No full textNigrosine Black (Acid Black-2) is popularly used in tanning industries and a huge amount of this dye comes out with effluent of tanning industries, this dye reached near water bodies, and what impact produced on their aquatic life not reveal yet, Hence a study was plan to find out the impact of Nigrosine black dye on the renal cell of freshwater fish Channa punctata. Sub-acute and chronic exposure to Nigrocine Black produced significant renal cellular degeneration in fish C. punctata. The 1/20th LC50 (96h) of the Nigrocine Black produced degenerating changes in the kidney tissues of fish. Renal corpuscles were revealing swollen and contained some degenerated RBC and thmbrocytes, which appeared to be cellular debris in Bowman space, due to the rapid destruction of the nuclei of erythrocytes. The liberated hemoglobin and other cytoplasmic materials were also observed, while 1/20th of LC50 (96hr) of Nigrosine Black produced renal degeneration in Bowman’s capsule and swelling in the glomerulus in the intoxicated fish along with renal tubules atrophy, degeneration as compared to the control group of fish. The low dose of Nigrosine Black Toxicity in fish produced nephropathy, and nephrosis. While the high dose of Nigrosine black dye produces Glomerulonephritis in experimental fish. The kidney cells of experimental fish are damaged by both doses of Nigrosine Black. The physico-chemical property of aquarium water was kept constant during whole duration of experiment
Perceptions of Sustainable Utilization of Coastal Resources in the Pangandaran Sub-District
No full textThis study aims to determine the Community\u27s perception of the sustainability of resource use in Pangandaran District, Pangandaran Regency, West Java, 2022. The method used in this research is a survey method. The sampling technique used Accidental Sampling with a total of 50 respondents. Data collection use questionnaires and documentation techniques. Then the data was processed use the chi square method. The results showed that the sustainability of coastal resources in the Pangandaran District was classified as moderate, with a percentage of 48%. The factors that support the sustainable use of coastal resources include economic factors that have a calculated chi-square value of 15,089. Then, social factors have a calculated chi-square value that is 18, 163. Environmental factors also have a significant influence, namely by value. The calculated chi-square value obtained is 16,322 . These tree factor have degrees of freedom (df) = 6 where the chi-square tabel is 12,592. So as for decision making in the research method, it can be said that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted which means that there is a relationship between coastal resources and economic, social and environmental factors. Other factors that affect sustainability are government policy information obtained by the Community and community understanding of the sustainable use of coastal resources. The results of the sustainable use of coastal resources will be correlated with applicable government regulations including related factors
Fisheries as Common-Pool Resources, Its Management and Impact on Fishing Ecosystem in Indonesia: A Mini-Review
No full textFisheries as a common-pool resource (CPR) provides a classic case of open access dilemma: competition for yields is often fierce and the absence of access management could lead to conflicts. Availability, quality, and diversity of fishery resources in sufficient quantities are the foundation of fisheries management for present and future generations. Indonesia’s governing body, or more broadly, the governance, should be the moving force in producing policy outcomes involving coordination of conservation efforts to regulate extractive uses of natural resources. This paper briefly reviews the Indonesian fisheries policy as a CPR, its indicators, and its implication for the local fishing ecosystem
Carp Fattening and Socio-economic Status of Farmers of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh: An Expedient Overview
No full textA Survey work was designed to explore the present status of carp fattening and socio-economic standing of the fish farmers of three upazillas of Dinajpur district such as Dinajpur Sadar, Parbatipur, and Birampur, and was continued until June 2021 from July 2020. Several methodological tools, including participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and primarily a questionnaire survey were used to collect data from 59 fish farmers. The majority of the farmers were between the ages of 41–50, where 45% of them had four to five family members, representing 71.19% nuclear and 28.81% joint families. Large number of the farmers (28.81%) could only sign their names. Approximately 81.35% were Muslims and 18.65% belonged to the Hindus where near about half of the farmers’ (47.46%) annual income were in between BDT 1,00,001-2,0,000. Paka sanitary was utilized by 49.15% respondents. All the farmers drank from tube wells and had access to electricity. The typical pond size was 0.31-40 ha (27.12%), with an average depth of 1.7 m. Farmers owned 59.33% of the ponds, on the other hand, 40.67% were leased ponds and 79.66% had the provision of groundwater for cultivation; however, 50.84% exchanged water whenever required. About 57.63% prepared the ponds and applied 123.5 kg/ha of salt, 12.35-44.5 kg/ha of TSP, and 12.35-75.25 kg/ha of urea. To boost carp growth, 83.08% employed availed growth promoters. Indian major carp and exotic carp were considered for this purpose and have had only fish lice as a constraint throughout the nine to ten months of cultivation period. Commercial feeds were utilized by 40.68% farmers and 81.35% maintained a feeding frequency of two times a day. Majority of them (72.89%) sold live fishes. Lack of scientific knowledge, shortage of high-quality seeds and feeds, lack of funds, and lack of marketing facilities were found to be the main obstructions
The Utilization of Vegetable Waste on the Growth of Java Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) and Kissing Gourami Fish (Helostoma temminckii) (Case Study of Traditional Market in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia)
No full textThis study aims to calculate the production of vegetable waste from several traditional markets in Bandung City, select vegetable waste, and provide selected vegetable waste to Java Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) and Kissing Gourami fish (Helostoma temminckii). The method used in calculating the production of market vegetable waste is to use secondary data, while the test feeds on fish using a Completely Randomized Design. The results obtained from this study are the production of vegetable waste from the 9 markets surveyed reached a total of 2,628.37 kg/day. The types of vegetable waste selected for the test fish feed were water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard greens (Brassica juncea). The best absolute growth value was obtained in pond fish with an absolute growth value of 63.76 g. Based on the results of the study, traditional market vegetable waste can be a solution to reduce vegetable waste and as cheap alternative feed ingredients
Term Trade Analysis of Fisher in Karimunjawa Village, Jepara
No full textTraditional fishermen are the most dominant fishermen in Indonesia. Unfortunately, it is not directly proportional to fishing technology, capital, and available markets. Uncertain revenue from fishing causes fishermen communities find it difficult to meet their subsistence needs. This study aims to determine the term of trade of fishers and the factors that influence the term of trade of fishers in Karimunjawa Village, Jepara District. Data collection was carried out from August 31, 2021, to September 11, 2021, in Karimunjawa Subdistrict, particularly on the Coast of Karimunjawa Village during the transitional season. The formulation of Fisher\u27s Term of trade Analysis as a tool in measuring the level of welfare. The research method used in this study is a survey method with the list of questions presented in the questionnaire. This research uses an accidental sampling technique in taking sample data. The total respondents used in this study amounted to 45 samples based on the Slovin formula with 87,5%. The results showed that the term of trade of fishers in Karimunjawa Village is 1.026 (FTT > 1); this indicates that the average fishers can meet their subsistence needs. And the factor that affects the term of trade of fishers is the revenue of fishery products (X3) with a significance value of 0.002
Evaluation of Different Protein Blends on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Carcass Composition of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings
No full textThe effects of different protein blends (gliricidia/moringa leaf meals, soybean meal and defatted palm weevil larvae) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were studied for a 10-week feeding period. Six diets with 30 percent crude protein content were formulated, the protein sources were included in equal ratios. Diets were designated as fishmeal/soybean (FMS), palm weevil/soybean (PWS), palm weevil/ moringa (PWM), palm weevil/ gliricidia (PWG), palm weevil/soybean/moringa (PSM) and palm weevil/soybean/gliricidia (PSG). Trials were carried out in triplicates with each having ten (10) fish in a total of 18 tanks. Fish fed diet PSG had the highest mean weight gain of 4.35±0.08 and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of 1.14±0.02. These values were significantly different (P<0.05) from those recorded for fish on other diets. Fish fed diet PSG gave the lowest food conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.10±0.02, with those on diet PWG recording the least. Fish fed diets containing soybean meal (PSM and PSG) gave better performances than those without it. The carcass protein, ash and fat contents differed significantly (P<0.05). This results showed that Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings fed a mix of protein blends could give good performance in terms of growth, nutrient utilization and carcass constituents
The Effect of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) Against Fish Pathogens: A Mini-review
No full textButterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant with the potentiality to inhibit the fish pathogens because its rich of bioactive compounds. Leaves, stems, roots and flowers contain diverse substances among which there are alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, reducing sugars, flavonoids etc. The secondary metabolites in leaves reported can inhibit the pathogens such as Aeromonas formicans, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis. The roots can inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. The bioactive compounds in flowers and seeds can inhibit B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. Different part of plant give different effect to inhibit the growth of pathogens because it contains different types and levels of secondary metabolites. In addition, the different solvent used in extraction process give difference result to prevent the growth of disease microorganism in fish with the inhibition zone ranged 7-28 mm