Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Water Quality of Cilutung River Sumedang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
No full textCilutung River is one of the sub-watersheds in the middle of the Cimanuk River which is located in Tomo District, Sumedang Regency. Cilutung River utilization is used for sand mining activities and may cause a negative impact on water resources, among others causing a decrease in water quality. The objective of this research effort is to determine the condition of water quality in the Cilutung River, Sumedang Regency in September - November 2020. The method used in this research is the survey method. The technique of determining the station was carried out by purposive sampling method and was carried out at three research stations. The sampling technique was carried out in situ and ex-situ. Parameters observed in situ consist of temperature, light transparency, DO, and pH and ex situ consist of TDS, TSS, nitrate, ammonia, and COD. The temperature value obtained is about 25℃ - 28,7℃. Light transparency value is about 17cm - 23cm. TDS value was about 197 mgL-1 - 276 mgL-1. TSS value was about 27 mgL-1 - 94 mgL-1. pH value is about 6.92 - 7.03. DO value was about 7.1 mgL-1- 7.4 mgL-1. Nitrate value was about 0.06 mgL-1- 0.64 mgL-1. Ammonia value was about 0.001 mgL-1 - 0.002 mgL-1. COD value was about 5.5 mgL-1- 9.6 mgL-1. In general, the water quality of the Cilutung River is classified as good and safe following the water quality standards class II for aquaculture from Regulation of The Government of The Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021. However, the TSS value is above the class II threshold and close to the class III limit due to the sand mining in the Cilutung River
Effectiveness of Adding Garlic Extract (Allium sativum) in Commercial Feed to the Resistance of Nilem Fish (Osteochillus hasselti) Infected with Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria
No full textDetermining the concentration of garlic extract addition in commercial feeds that are effective for increasing the body\u27s resistance and survival of nilem fish to the attack of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. This study was carried out at the Aquatic animal physiology laboratory of building 2 and the biotechnology laboratory, faculty of fisheries and marine sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, between November and December 2021. This study used the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method with five treatments and three tests. The treatment used is the addition of garlic extract to commercial feed at doses: 0 g / kg of feed (A), 10 g / kg of feed (B), 20 g / kg of feed (C), 30 g / kg of feed (D), and 40 g / kg of feed (E). The treatment period is carried out for 21 days. Furthermore, nilem fish were tested with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria with a density of 108 CFU / ml by intramuscular injection. The results showed that the addition of garlic extract to the feed did not produce a noticeable influence on the survival value of fish. However, the administration of garlic extract into the feed of 20 g / kg affects the health of the fish body in the form of a white blood cell count of 12800 cells / mm3
Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Gene Flow and Demographic History of Frigate Tuna (Auxis thazard) Populations in Tanzanian Marine Waters Using Mitochondrial DNA Control Region
No full textAim: To investigate genetic diversity, gene flow and demographic history of frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) populations found in Tanzanian marine waters.
Study Design: The study used a descriptive research design whereby fish samples were randomly collected from four locations and the genetic variation within and among the four populations analyzed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region.
Place and Duration of the Study: Fish samples were collected from landing sites in Tanga, Dar es Salaam, Mtwara and Zanzibar, Tanzania. The study was conducted between July 2020 and June 2021.
Methodology: A total of 100 frigate tuna were randomly sampled from small-scale fishermen at the landing sites of Dar-es-Salaam (20), Tanga (30), Mtwara (30), and Zanzibar (20). For each fish, 50 g muscle tissue was obtained and put in a vial containing 95% ethanol. DNA was extracted from the muscle using a commercial DNA Kit (Quick-DNATM Miniprep Plus Kit, Zymo Research Corp.) according to the instructions of the manufacturer and a fragment of 432 bp of the mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced using ABI PRISIM™ 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Haplotype and nucleotide diversity, gene flow and historic demographic were estimated from 92 fish samples.
Results: A total of 88 haplotypes were identified in all fish samples. The highest haplotype diversity was found in Zanzibar (1.000 ± 0.017) and Mtwara (1.000 ± 0.010) populations while the lowest was observed in Tanga population (0.992 ± 0.012). Tanga population had the highest nucleotide diversity (0.078 ± 0.018) while Dar es Salaam had the lowest (0.016 ± 0.009). The highest genetic differentiation (FST) was found between Tanga and Dar-es-Salaam (0.178) and the lowest was observed between Mtwara and Zanzibar (0.016). The genetic distances between pairs of populations were small. The phylogenetic tree revealed two main clusters. Cluster 1 which consisted of nine haplotypes was dominated by Tanga population with seven haplotypes while the remaining two haplotypes were from Mtwara and the reference sequences of Euthynnus affinis (Kawakawa tuna). Cluster II had 84 haplotypes of individuals from all four populations, with no population specific subcluster. The number of immigrants per generation was highest between Mtwara and Zanzibar (Nm=18.310) and lowest between Tanga and Dar-es-Salaam (Nm=1.180). The neutrality test indicated negative values, suggesting a recent population expansion.
Conclusion: There is high genetic diversity within the populations, but there is no significant genetic differentiation among the four frigate tuna populations, suggesting that the four populations comprise a single panmictic population
Microbial Contamination and Proximate Carcass of Cod (Gadus morhua) Obtained from Local Markets of Imo State
No full textThe microbial and proximate quality of Cod Gadus morhua obtained from cold room and open markets of three Local Government Areas of Imo state, Nigeria was carried using standard mehods. Microbial analysis revealed that the total viable count for the fish species sampled from cold room ranged from 5.3 x 104 – 9.5 x 104 cfu/g while that of the open market samples ranged from 8.0 x 104cfu/g to 2.8 x 105cfu/g. Total Fungal Count (TFC) had increasing microbial values in the open markets than in the cold rooms and ranged from 1.0 x 103cfu/g to 7.2 x 103cfu/g for cold room samples whereas a range of 1.0 x 105cfu/g to 3.4 x 105cfu/g was obtained for open markets. Generally, ten bacterial species and nine fungal species were isolated and identified during characterization from the cold room and open market samples, bacteria being Micrococcus spp., Stphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. while fungi include Geotrichum spp., Candida spp., Rhizopus stolonifera, Mucor spp., Rhodotorula spp., and four species of Aspergillus. Result for proximate composition shows that crude protein cold room value was 17.24 ±0.52 but significantly increased in the open market samples (19.44±0.94) just as there was significant difference in crude fiber values of cold room (6.98±0.54) and open markets (ranged between 3.04±0.81 and 4.39±1.30). On the other hand, an insignificant increase in values of moisture content, NFE, ash content and ether extract but with values reducing from cold room (1.30±0.62 and 1.06±0.50) to open market (0.12±0.70 and 1.00±1.00) as their minimum value for the later. It is suggested that fish be appropriately handled in ice boxes during transport and storage before sale especially in the absence of refrigerators so as to reduce microbial contamination and maintain its original proximate value
Effects of Blood Meal Inclusion Diet on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Survival Rate of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) in Concrete Pond
No full textThe inclusion of blood meal as a substitution for commercial fishmeal in the practical fish diets was evaluated in Clarias gariepinus juveniles (initial weight: 11.45±0.25g and initial length: 9.00±0.91cm) for a period of 39 weeks. The proximate analysis of blood meal had 50.04%, 4.95%, 0.98%, 3.05%, 16.51% and 19.00% representing value of crude protein, lipid, fibre, ash, moisture and nitrogen free extract, respectively. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% crude protein) containing fishmeal which was replaced by blood meal at graded level of 0% as control, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were formulated. A total of 300 juveniles were used and randomly distributed into five treatments with each having triplicates of 20 fish per pond respectively. Fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight in equal proportions at 8.00 am and 4.00 pm. At the end of the feeding trial, the results showed that growth performance were significant higher (p<0.05) in fish fed control diet (1263.55g) and 25% BM diet (1068.67 g), mean length gain (54.16 cm and 50.85 cm), protein efficiency ratio (31.59% and 24.22%) and percentage weight gain (11035.3% and 8476.03%) compared to other treatments diets with the lowest values of (675.35 g, 46.86 cm, 11.73% and 4190.63%, respectively) recorded in fish fed 100% BM diet. However, Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, average daily growth and survival rate were not significantly difference (p>0.05) in all the dietary treatments. The water quality parameters monitored were within recommended ranged and were not affected by the supplemented diets. It can be concluded that inclusion of blood meal up to 25% can efficiently replace fish meal without any deleterious effects on growth, feed utilization and survival rate. The use of blood meal as an alternative protein source in diets of farmed fish species will reduce the cost of feeds; boost the profitability and sustainability of the fish production
Assessment of Fin Fish Composition, Diversity and Abundance in the Upper Course of Otamiri River, Imo State
No full textThe fish composition in the upper course of Otamiri River was investigated for six months between April and September 2019, to determine the related abundance and diversity of fish species in the river. Fish species were collected weekly using fishing gears from three sampling stations which were purposefully selected. Sixteen species of fish belonging to nine (9) fish families were recorded. Among the families, Cichlidae recorded the most abundant at 83.3%, followed by Notopteridae (6.7%), Alestidae (4.2%) and Clarotidae (3.8%). Others include: Hepsidae (0.4%), and Cyprinidae (0.2%), while Channidae and Gymnarchidae were recorded as the least abundance with values of 0.1% each. The study showed that Sarotherodon melanotheron has the highest diversity with the value recorded 3.18, followed by Coptodon zilli having the value 3.09 respectively. It also shows that Barbus occidentalis with the value 0.69, followed by Coptodon dageti with value 1.01 has the least diversity. The study also showed that Pelmatopia mariae with value 0.99 was highly distributed. From the study, the fish species harvested from this water body have low population. This has great implication on the stock in the fishery and can also act as an indicator of over-exploitation of this species. Regular and detailed study on species composition of this water body should be encouraged for the sustainable utilization of its resources, also a proper restocking of Otamiri water body should be embarked on by Imo State government to enhance fresh water fish availability in the State and its environs
Preservative Role of Boiling Water of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia) on the Shelf Life of Mackerel Fish Based on Organoleptic Characteristics
No full textThis study aims to obtain the concentration of binahong leaf boiled water with the longest shelf life of mackerel based on organoleptic characteristics. The research method using experimental method with complete random design (CRD) consists of 4 treatments, namely the concentration of binahong leaf boiled water(0%, 55%, 60%, and 65%). Parameters observed in this study are organoleptic characteristics (appearance, meat, scent and texture) and pH in mackerel. Soaking fish using binahong leaf boiled water is done for 30 minutes. The use of boiled water from binahong leaves with a concentration of 60% was able to maintain mackerel during storage until the 11th day with a pH value of 7.3 and organoleptic assessment with the longest acceptance limit
Utilization of Fermentation Lemna as a Feed Source on the Growth of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias Sp.)
No full textThis research aims to determine the nutritional content and the best treatment for the addition of Lemna sp. fermented for the growth of sangkuriang catfish. The research was conducted from February to August 2022, in Aquaculture Laboratory of the Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used in this research is experimental, and is of a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). It consists of four treatments and four repetitions, namely treatment A (control) treatment B (10% fermented lemna + 90% commercial feed), Treatment C (20% fermented lemna + 80% commercial feed), and Treatment D (30% fermented lemna + 70% commercial feed). Parameters observed were changes in nutrient content of lemna, daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and water quality. Data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis of variance and if there was a significant difference, Duncan test was performed with a 95% confidence level, while changes in nutrients in lemna and water quality were analyzed descriptively. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the fermented lemna using BIOM-S probiotics experienced changes in the nutritional content, namely an increase in protein content from 25.24% to 33.66% and a decrease in crude fiber from 11.93 to 9.13%. Based on the results of this research, the treatment C (20% fermented lemna + 80% commercial feed) the best results in a daily growth rate at 1.92%/day, a feed conversion ratio at 1.41, and a survival rate of up to 97.5%
Analysis of Competitiveness Fisheries Processing Industry in West Java, Indonesia
No full textThe fisheries sector is one of the leading sectors in Indonesia contributinge to the regional and national economy such as in West Java Province in the fishery processing sector which has advantages in each region and can lead to competitiveness. This study to analyze the competitiveness of fisheries processing industry in West Java Province. This research was carried out in January 2021 – July 2021. The method used was a literature survey method to determine the competitiveness of the fisheries processing industry in 24 Regencys/cities in West Java Province. All data are processed and analyzed descriptively. Primary data was obtained from expert judgment consisting of 12 people regarding the proportion of competitiveness of the fisheries processing industry. Secondary data is obtained from statistical data on the fisheries processing industry of West Java province from the marine and fisheries service from 2010 to 2018. The results showed that Depok City was ranked first with very high competitiveness with a final score of 28.76. Depok City has advantages in three variables, namely the facilities and infrastructure, production, and the application of science and technology. Meanwhile, Banjar City ranked last which had low competitiveness with a final score of 0.26. Banjar City does not have an advantage in each variable category because it is in the category of moderate and low competitiveness
Assesment of Sawmill and other Associated Wastes on the Water Quality of Ilo-abuchi Creek, Rivers State, Niger Delta
No full textA study was conducted on physicochemical parameters water from Ilo-abuchi, creek Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study aimed at evaluating the impact of sawmills and other associated wastes on water quality of the creek. The physicochemical parameters investigated were from February to July 2020 and the samples were analysed for pH, Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Total alkalinity using an in-situ Handheld Multimeter (Milwaukee Model pH600 and Laboratory Benchtop meter 860033-model. The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was measured using Winkler’s method. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was determined by the 5-day BOD test (APHA, 2005). Turbidity was measured using a 20cm diameter Secchi disc. Total alkalinity was determined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D 1067B) Nitrate, Chloride, Phosphate, and Sulphate were determined using the method recommended by APHA 2340C (1995) standard. Water Temperature ranges between 27.7 -27.8 OC, pH 6.65 - 6.73, Conductivity 438.2 - 494.2 μS/cm, Salinity 2.8 -3.23ppt, TDS 77 – 87.27 mg/l, TSS 30.7 - 37.66 mg/l, DO 3.19 – 3.46 mg/l, BOD 2.05 - 3.38 mg/l, Turbidity 5.41- 5.98 NTU, Nitrate 8.78 - 10.02 mg/l, Hardness 31.77 - 33.98 mg/l, Chloride 23.03 -25.7 mg/l, Phosphorus 0.31 - 0.51 mg/l, Sulphate 13.27 - 16.60 mg/l. Alterations in water quality were more pronounced in the wet season (May, June, and July) compared to the dry season (February and March, and April). The nature of the effluents discharged into the creek were found to be essentially within the acceptable limits prescribed by law except for TSD and turbidity. These two parameters were slightly above the WHO standards. It is therefore recommended that environmental regulatory agencies such as NESREA and the Ministry of Environment should devise mechanisms to enforce existing environmental regulations concerning the discharge of effluents from different sources into the Ilo-abuchi Creek, which will aid in reducing the dumping of untreated wastes from the sawmills/other associated wastes and by extension conserve the aquatic life therein