Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
Not a member yet
1022 research outputs found
Sort by
Phytochemcial Assessment of Persea americana Powdered Leaves and Its Potency in Protecting Clarias gariepinus against Klebsiella pneumonia
No full textThe phytochemcial content of P. americana powdered leaves was assessed using ethanol extracts. The potency of the powdered leaves was assessed by exposing C. gariepinus fed different levels of the dietary powdered leaves (Do: 0% leaves inclusion; D1: 3% leaves inclusion; D2: 6% leaves inclusion; D3: 9% leaves inclusion and D4: 12% leaves inclusion diets) for eight weeks to K. pneumonia via intrapretoneal injection. The fish were injected after the 8 weeks feeding at day 1, 7, 14 and 21. The haematological parameters and microbial load (antibacterial activities) of the infected fish organs were assessed 28 days after the first injection. The ethanol extracts of the P. americana leaves powder revealed the following phytochemicals: phenol, carotenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, steroids, coumarine and proanthocyanidin in varying quantities. The haematological parameters in the infected fish compared to the control Do indicated that there were improved Pack cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Red blood cells (RBC) in fish fed D2-D4 compared to the fish fed Do (control). The white blood cells (WBC), the lymphocytes, Monocytes and Eosinophils were higher (P>0.05) in the fish fed Do compared to the fish fed D1-D4. The Red blood indices (MCH, MCHC and MCV) fluctuated in values across the diets, but were higher in fish fed D1. The microbial load was higher (P<0.05) in the organs (Kidney, spleen, liver and blood) of the fish fed Do compared to the rest, and the effect was dose dependent. The results showed that P. americana powdered leaves improved the haematological and antibacterial activities of the experimental fish
The Effect of Encapsulated Probiotic to Performance of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)
No full textFeed is a very important factor in vannamei shrimp culture. The initial stage of stocking is the cultivation stage requiring a higher percentage of feed. The application of probiotics in intensive shrimp culture is known to have a significant effect on the survival of vannamei shrimp. Encapsulation can increase the viability of probiotic bacteria compared to free cells without encapsulation. Research has been carried out on the provision of encapsulated probiotic consortia in vannamei shrimp culture. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of the selected probiotic consortium on the performance of vannamei shrimp. The research method used is the experimental method and the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The observed parameters in this study were specific growth rate, survival rate and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that the fifth consortium of Bacillus and Lactobacillus bacteria could increase the growth rate of weight and length of vannamei shrimp (0.62% and 9.81%), survival rate (85.42%) and feed conversion ratio (1.08)
First Occurrence of Heniochus intermedius Steindachner, 1893 in The Syrian Marine Waters (Levantine Basin)
No full textOn May 18, 2022, a Heniochus intermedius (Steindachner, 1893) individual with a total length of 140 mm and a total weight of 58.4 g was caught by trap at a depth of 14 meters, with a mixed bottom of sand and stones, in front of the beach of Banias (N: 35) ° 7. 0.5\u27 17\u27, E: 35° 54\u27 14.73). In this work, we document the first record of a Red Sea species (Lesbesian immigrant), Heniochus intermedius (Steindachner, 1893), in the Syrian coast, the seventh record in the entire Mediterranean. As a result, the number of fish migrating from the Red Sea to the Syrian marine waters has reached 82 species. The methods of introduction and arrival of fish of this species into the Mediterranean are also discussed
Effect of Addition of Soybean Oil, Coconut Oil and Corn Oil to Commercial Feed on the Growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
No full textThis study aims to determine the appropriate addition of vegetable oil to see the best growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) without reducing feed consumption. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Treatment A (Control), Treatment B (4% soybean oil), Treatment C (4% coconut oil), and Treatment D (4% corn oil). Parameters observed were Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and water quality (Temperature, pH and DO). The results showed that treatment B (4% soybean oil) gave significantly different results on the parameters of SGR, while treatments C and D increased the fat content of red tilapia compared to the control treatment. The water quality parameter values are in good condition for the growth and survival of Red Tilapia. The highest SGR value in treatment B was 1.51%, treatment D was 1.10%, treatment A was 1.07%, and treatment C was 0.89%
Proposal of Unidirectional Laminar Flow Model to Black Waters Lakes in Central Amazonian, Brazil: A Case Study
No full textThis case study was conducted in Tupé lake a Ria black water lake in the Negro River basin, Central Amazonian, with historical data from 2001 to 2018. The aim was to propose a unidirectional laminar flow model, relating it to the limnological data, in special temperature and dissolved oxygen in the water column. Climatological, geomorphological and hydrological data as well as general environmental factors were included for the construction and study of the water circulation model. The Tupé lake (3º01\u2733.5 ”- 3º02\u2747.8” S; 60º14\u2757.5 ”- 60º16\u271.2” W) is supplied in most of the time by waters coming from forest streams. As a result, the lake has specific properties of circulation and flow of nutrients, being considered a meromictic lake with permanent stratification. Although the statistical test suggests that there is no difference in the average density between the vertical layers of water, the observed pattern confirms exactly the opposite, reinforcing the existence of permanent stratification due to uneven mass densities between the epilimnion and hypolimnion. The continuous and almost permanent unidirectional laminar flow from the forest streams guarantees the state of non-conservation of energy at the bottom of the lake, with constant renewal and variation of this behavior. A laminar flow model was established for the lake, highlighting the partial circulation of water in the epilimnion. The condition of permanent stratification is not common to be observed. Thus, with these results, a model can be established to help identify this behavior in other Ria lakes in the Amazon region
Proximate Composition Analysis of Spirulina platensis in Lab Scale Cultivation: Prospects of Digested Rotten Guava as a Culture Media
No full textAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of Spirulina platensis and growth performance in supernatant of different concentrations (supernatant of 20, 40 and 60 rotten guavas) of digested rotten guava medium (DRGM). The growth rates in terms of optical density, dry cell weight and chlorophyll a of spirulina were varied from each other. The cell weight of Spirulina was attained a maximum of 0.818 ± 0.003 mg/L in 60% DRGM followed by 0.815 ± 0.0015 and 0.809± 0.0012 mg/L in supernatant of 20 and 40%, respectively on the 10th day of culture. Similar trend was also observed in the case of optical density of the media contained Spirulina, chlorophyll a content (mg/L), total biomass (mg/L), specific growth rates (on the basis of cell weight and chlorophyll a) and total biomass of Spirulina. Cell weight of Spirulina grown in these media had highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with the chlorophyll a content (r = 0.746) and total biomass (r = 0.742) of Spirulina. The growth performance of Spirulina in supernatant of 60% DRGM was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of grown in 20% and 40% DRGM. The percentage of crude protein was found 53.35 ± 0.32% in supernatant of 40% DRGM. The crude lipid was attained of 10.15 ± 0.14% in supernatant of 60% DRGM which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of grown in 20% and 40% of DGRM
Prevalence of fish Parasites IN Bagrus bayad and Protopterus annectens from Upper River Benue in Mutum Biu, Taraba State, Nigeria
No full textThe prevalence of fish parasites in Bagrus bayad and Protopterus annectens from Upper River Benue in Mutum Biu, Taraba State, Nigeria was carried out using standard parasitological method. The objectives of this study were to investigate the parasite species spectrum, prevalence of each parasites species, overall prevalence, prevalence of parasite infection in relation to the size and sexes of Bagrus bayad and Protopterus annectens and the infection induced by parasites on/in their body parts, with the view of providing relevant information that can be used in combating the rate of economic losses that could be experienced as a result of parasitic infestations. 4 parasite taxa comprising of Twelve (12) parasite species (Trichodina spp., Henneguya spp. Cryptobia iubilans, Diphillobothrium latum, Hymenolepis nanna and Bothriocephalus aengypticus, Capillaria philipinensis, Caenorhabditis briggsae, Camallanus spp., Eustrongylides spp., Contracaecum spp. and Clinostomum spp. were recovered from the samples of fish species used during the study period. Twelve (12) of the parasite species were recovered from Bagrus bayad while seven (7) were recovered from Protopterus annectens. Among the body parts of Bagrus bayad, while intestine had the highest percentage parasite load (56.37%), highest percentage parasite load (46.22%) in Protopterus annectens was recorded for stomach (46.22%). Out of the 400 fish samples comprising of 200 each of Bagrus bayad and Protopterus annectens, 234 (58.50%) comprising of 99 (49.50%) and 135 (67.50%) samples each of Bagrus bayad and Protopterus annectens were infested with 369 and 119 parasites, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection and parasite load between the fish species, respectively (P>0.05). Generally, larger sized samples of Bagrus bayad and Protopterus annectens had higher percentage of infection compared to the smaller sized of both samples although, the prevalence of infection in relation to sizes of both fish species was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Female Bagrus bayad and Protopterus annectens had higher prevalence of infection (21.61%) and (16.63%) than the males (6.37%) and (6.24%), respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection in relation to the sexes of both fish species (P>0.05). Epidermal necrosis of the caudal fin and skin, thickened intestinal epithelium at the site of parasite attachment, hyperplasia of the intestinal villi and lamina propria, hyperplasia of infected gills at the secondary lamellae, ulceration of the stomach, abdominal distention, eroded and flattened intestinal folds and lymphocytic infiltration of intestinal mucosa and edema of the lamina propria of the intestine were observed with the infected samples of B. bayad. The infected samples of P. annectens exhibited epidermal necrosis of the skin
Environmental Factors Associated with Fish Diversity in Two Tributaries of River Chittar, Southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India
No full textIn the present research, we examined Ichthyofaunal diversity, habitat preferences, and environmental variables in the Chittar River tributaries in Tamilnadu, India. The species composition is comprised of 14 species representing 4 orders, 6 families, and 12 genera. Cyprinids were the most abundant group in the assemblage composition of fishes, which was approximately 61.5%-83.33%. According to the Shannon-diversity index of fish populations in the study streams, the upstream of New Falls and the Harihara river reveal a high species richness. Among the recorded fish species, Puntius arenatus, belonging to the family Cyprinidae, is in the vulnerable categories of the IUCN List. However, the fish species exhibited a higher density in the headwaters upstream and the density decreased in the downstream. However, bedrock and boulders were observed as the predominant substrates in upstreams (sites 1 and 3) throughout the seasons. The results of Principal Component analysis of water quality factors and fish abundance and species richness revealed that dissolved oxygen, total hardness, and alkalinity have less impact on fish abundance, whereas TDS and conductivity had a substantial correlation in all downstreams. Fish were influenced by a diverse natural and anthropogenic longitudinal pattern, as well as regional disturbances induced by adjacent land users
Incidence of Antibiotic Residues in Cultured African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Selected Zones at Enugu, Nigeria
No full textAntibiotics have been used in fish farming for several decades in combating diseases but improper application and handling had led to the occurrence of residues in animal food such as fish. Animal products whose drug residue limit exceeds the maximum residue limit (MRL) pose serious concern such as; allergy, carcinogensis, antibacterial resistance, disruption of intestinal flora, mutagenesis, tetratogenesis among others. The study was thus, conducted to assess the residue concentrations in the selected fish farms in Enugu state Nigeria. The study was conducted in three (3) senatorial zones of Enugu State; Enugu north, Enugu west and Enugu east involving two (2) local governments in each zone respectively; Nsukka and Igbo-etiti, Awgu and Ezeagu, Nkanu west and Enugu south. A total of fifty four (n = 54) Clarias gariepinus organs samples with three replicates (3) were used for the study. The kidney, liver and muscles were obtained from the fish samples and analysed for antibiotics residues using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The antibiotics residues obtained from the analysed samples include; tylosin, avilamycin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, lincomycin, macrolides and quinolones. Available in this increasing order macrolides > quinolone > lincomycin > chloramphenicol > gentamincin > amoxicillin > avilamycin > tylosin with these mean concentrations respectively; 1.44 ± 0.17, 5.71 ± 0.28, 10.04 ± 0.27, 12.94 ± 0.34, 9.09 ± 0.17, 21.68 ± 0.41, 35.79 ± 0.47, 25.86 ± 0.27µg/kg). Tylosin (liver 1.7 ± 0.50, gills 1.39 ± 0.27; muscles 1.17 ± 0.12µg/kg) had the least concentration in the analysed organs while macrolides (liver 29.44 ± 0.71, gills 49.04 ± 0.31, muscle 28.87 ± 0.31µg/kg) had the highest concentrations in the analysed organs. Also, our results showed that the highest concentration of the drug residue was seen in the gills with these mean values except for chloramphenicol (Tylosin 1.39 ± 0.27, Avilamycin 6.85 ± 0.39, Amoxicillin 11.01 ± 0.34, Chloramphenicol 12.00 ± 0.33, Gentamicin 11.20 ± 0.24, Lincomycin 21.75 ± 0.42, Macrolides 49.04 ± 0.31 and Quinolones 28.40 ± 0.40µg/kg). It also indicated that the values of antibiotics residues were highest at Awgu L.G.A. except for Macrolides; (Tylosin 0.00 ± 0.00, Avilamycin 9.03 ± 0.55, Amoxicillin 11.53 ± 0.31, Chloramphenicol 18.39 ± 0.61, Gentamicin 0.00 ± 0.00, Lincomycin 24.84 ± 0.50, Macrolides 36.12 ± 0.16 and Quinolones 39.05 ± 0.65 (µg/kg)) while Nsukka had the lowest drug residues concentrations except for Tylosin; (Tylosin 3.84 ± 0.30, Avilamycin 2.55 ± 0.20, Amoxicillin 8.99 ± 0.22, Chloramphenicol 13.82 ± 0.50, Gentamicin 6.39 ± 0.10, Lincomycin 21.46 ± 0.20, Macrolides 29.70 ± 0.41 and Quinolones 10.20 ± 0.10µg/kg). It was also observed that across the senatorial zones Enugu west had the highest mean residue concentration; (Tylosin 0.84 ± 0.15, Avilamycin 6.46 ± 0.38, Amoxicillin 11.12 ± 0.36, Chloramphenicol 11.57 ± 0.33, Gentamicin 7.98 ± 0.15, Lincomycin 23.94 ± 0.56, Macrolides 51.58 ± 0.69 and Quinolones 27.99 ± 0.39µg/kg). The study shows the presence of antibiotic drug residue in fish samples collected from six local government areas under study. The study also indicated disparities in concentrations of drug residues in the samples studied. Although, the concentrations of these drug residues observed in the samples were below the European Union maximum residue limit, proper monitoring of edible food for pharmaceutical residue is important. Educating farmers on the need to adhere strictly to recommend withdrawal period after the use of products that have these drugs in them is very expedient due to the consequences they pose to human health
Creation of Species-specific Molecular Signatures of Schilbeid Fishes from River Ganga by Integrative Taxonomy
No full textThe phylogenetic analysis of Asian schilbeids could not be clearly defined due to lack of data, so the present study generated morphological and DNA barcode data for five commercially important schielbid species namely Clupisoma garua, Eutropiichthys murius, E. vacha, Ailia coila and Silonia silondia from the River Ganga, India. Additionally, 31 sequences of Schielbid species available in GenBank were also included in analysis to present a clear picture of the phylogenetic relationship among Schilbeids. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model with Gamma distribution. The average Kimura two parameter (K2P) distance between the species and within the species, show the sufficient separation of species. The neighbour-joining tree revealed distinct clusters in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species. Our study established sister group relationship between genera of Asian schilbeids as Clupisoma,Laides, Eutropiicthys, Silonia, Ailia, Horabagrus, Pseudeutropius, Neotropius or Pachypterus and also suggest placement of C. sinensis to the genus Laides