Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Assessment of Artisanal Fisheries Activities among Fisherfolks in Borgu Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria
No full textFish is a veritable source of high-quality protein and essential vitamins and minerals that are crucial to metabolic activities in human system. This study assessed artisanal fishery activities among fisherfolks in Borgu Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of artisanal fisherfolks, examined the fishing practices employed by the artisanal fisherfolk, examined the fisherfolk’s perception on current level of fish production and investigated the problems/challenges facing artisanal fishing activities in the study area. A well-structured interview schedule (questionnaire) was used to elicit information from 110 artisanal fisherfolk randomly selected in the study area. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics in form of frequencies and percentages. Findings from the study showed that fishing in the study area was dominated by males (90) representing 81.8% of the respondents, and 33.6% of the respondents were in the youthful age bracket of 36-45 years of age. In addition, majority of the respondents have formal education, with 30.9% of them having completed secondary school, while 59.1% of the respondents were married. Furthermore, majority of the respondents (73.6%) took artisanal fishing as their main source of livelihood. The fishing systems employed by the artisanal fisherfolk included the use of canoes and motorized boats with those using canoes dominating (80.9%). This data already revealed that 73.6% of the respondents are into artisanal fishing for job creation which have reduced migration to urban cities and increase economic activities in their communities, thereby providing skilled and unskilled jobs and foreign exchange for the country while reducing youthful restiveness and anti-social activities. Young entrepreneurs have seen this opportunity, as seen in the result of this study, and are taking it up as a viable business. However, the study revealed that the fisherfolks in the study area usually lack basic social amenities and employ the most traditional gears and crafts in the fishing activity, and therefore, there is need for government to intervene and provide the most basic social amenities like roads and electricity to the communities
Distribution of Cowries in the Different Ecological Habitats in the Selected Sites in Davao Occidental
No full textAims: The primary aim of this study was to assess the species of cowries in the different ecological habitats of Barangay Buhangin, Tubalan, and Tanglad, Davao Occidental. Specifically, it sought to identify species of cowries found in the study area, population density, abundance, and diversity.
Place and Duration of Study: Barangay Buhangin, Tubalan, and Tanglad, Davao Occidental, April 10 – 30, 2022.
Methodology: The study employed a transect-line-quadrat method. There were three stations were established in the selected areas. The quadrat was used to determine the density, abundance, dominance, and diversity of cowries. A 1m x 1m quadrat was thrown randomly on the established layout of 50 ㎡ (25m x 2m) parallel to the shore. Gears, such as diving goggles and snorkel were used to determine the cowries inside the quadrat and were hand-picked for species identification.
Results: The study revealed that there were ten (10) species of cowries recorded and identified. In Station 1 (Barangay Buhangin), seven species were found namely: Monetaria annulus (Gold ring cowry), Cypraea tigris (Tiger cowry), Mauritia arabica (Arabian cowry), Monetaria caputserpentis (Serpent’s head cowry), Naria erosa (Eroded cowry), Monetaria moneta (Money cowry) and Luria isabella (Fawn-coloured cowry). In Station 2 (Barangay Tubalan) two species were recorded and identified, namely: Cypraea tigris (Tiger cowry) and Mauritia arabica (Arabian cowry), while in Station 3 (Barangay Tanglad), eight species were recorded and identified, these were: Monetaria annulus (Gold ring cowry), Cypraea tigris (Tiger cowry), Mauritia arabica (Arabian cowry), Naria erosa (Eroded cowry), Monetaria moneta (Money cowry), Lyncina vitellus (Calf cowry), Lyncina lynx (Eyed cowry), and Palmadusta asellus (Littleass cowry). In Station 1, Coral Reef Habitat has the most diverse species with five (5) species found, while the seagrass bed habitat is the most abundant in terms of population with nine (9) cowries found, and the mangrove habitat only houses one (1) species of cowry with a population of three (3).
Conclusion: Station 3 was the most diverse in terms of cowry species with 8 species identified. Station 1 and Station 2 have the highest population of juvenile cowry species with a total of 127 juvenile species, and Station 2 has the highest population of adult cowry species with a total of 17 adult species. There were four (4) cowry species found in the mangrove habitat, four (4) cowry species were also found in the seagrass bed habitat and nine (9) cowry species were found in the coral reef habitat thus making it the most diverse among all ecological habitats
Physical Characteristics of Biocomposite Edible Films Based on Fish Gelatin and Nanochitosan with the Addition of Beeswax: A Review
No full textEdible films is a thin layer that can be eaten directly with the food it is coated with and is biodegradable, so it is used as an alternative to plastic packaging. The components of the edible film consist of hydrocolloids (proteins and polysaccharides), lipids (fatty acids), and composites (a combination of hydrocolloids and lipids). The physical characteristics of edible films that are commonly used are thickness, tensile strength, elongation percentage, water vapor transmission rate and solubility. Several studies have shown that the addition of beeswax to gelatin and nanochitosan edible films can produce films with good physical characteristics. The addition of a greater concentration of beeswax can increase the thickness value and decrease the value of the water vapor transmission rate and water solubility of the edible film
Growth Performance of Mahseer Fingerlings (Tor soro) Fed Potassium Diformate Added Diets
No full textMahseer aquaculture activities are still relatively low because they are constrained by slow growth. Potassium diformate can promote growth by improving digestion. This research aimed to determine the optimum dose of potassium diformate addition to artificial feed for the best growth rate in mahseer fingerlings. The research was conducted from July – August 2022, in hatchery of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, West Java, Indonesia. The method used in this research was experimental, using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications. The test fish used were 200 mahseer fingerlings measuring 4.5 – 5.0 cm. The treatment used was the addition of potassium formate to artificial feed at a dose of 0% (A), 0.1% (B), 0.3% (C), and 0.5% (D). The length of maintenance is 40 days, with the amount of feeding 3% of the fish\u27s body weight. Parameters observed included specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), and water quality (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH). The research results showed that the addition of 0.3% potassium diformate gave the best results with the highest SGR value of 0.75%, FCR of 3.80, EP of 26.87%, SR of 100%. It can be concluded that the addition of potassium difomate has a good effect on the growth of mahseer fingerlings if given at optimal doses
Pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus in Experimental Infection of Different Developmental Stages of Clarias gariepinus
No full textAims: This study aimed to investigating the pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus in the experimental infection of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings and juvenile catfish.
Experimental Procedure: Aspergillus fumigatus used for this study was isolated from the gills and liver of infected juveniles presented for microbial diagnostic examination, cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar for 3 – 4 days, and identified at the Aquatic Animal and Wildlife Laboratory (AAWL), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan.
Methodology: One hundred and forty healthy eight-week old Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (average weight of 4g) and 140 healthy sixteen-week old juvenile (average weight of 10g) were purchased from a commercial fish farms in Ibadan. The fingerlings and juveniles were randomly divided into seven groups, each with 20 fish in five litters of water. The fungal suspension containing 3.2 X 106 spores/ml of Aspergillus fumigatus was used for the pathogenicity test. Six groups were infected by immersion in water containing fungal spores at the rates of 2ml/L and 5ml/L for fingerlings and juveniles respectively. The clinical signs, skin lesions and mortality were observed daily for 14 days.
Results: Aspergillus fumigatus isolated in this study has green spiked conidia; and the size of the conidia is 2.5µm. The conidia have a smooth surface and small spikes covering their surface. Moreover, the mortality rate was significantly (p = 0.40) higher in infected fingerlings (80%) than juveniles (62%) at fourteen days post-infection. The gross lesions observed during experimental infection of fingerlings and juveniles included exophthalmia, atrophied barbel, congested trunk kidney, hyperemia of gill filaments, and skin depigmentation. The histopathological organ changes caused by Aspergillus fumigatus were obvious in the liver and gills. Vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and necrosis of some melanomacrophage cells, in addition, severe erosion of the primary and secondary lamellae, were observed in infected juveniles.
Conclusion: Aspergillus fumigatus causes high mortality in fingerlings and juvenile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Analysis of Different Depth and Types of Feed on the Growth of Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Using the Vietnamese Cage Method in Pantai Timur, Kabupaten Pangandaran
No full textThe purpose of this research is to find out the effect of different depths and types of feed on the growth of spiny lobsters (Panulirus homarus) Vietnamese cage system on the Pantai Timur Pangandaran. It is expected to provide information to spiny lobster cultivators about the effect of different depths and types of feed on the growth of spiny lobsters (Panulirus homarus) Vietnamese cage method on the Pantai Timur Pangandaran. Maintenance of test animals was carried out for 40 days using cages with a diameter of 80 cm and a height of 90 cm. Each container contains 15 lobster seeds. The frequency of feeding is 2 times a day in the morning at 7.00 and afternoon at 16.00. The amount of test feed given is 20% of the lobster weight for one day. In addition, the mortality rate of lobsters was also observed by looking at the number of lobsters that died each day. Then sampling activities are carried out every 10 days to measure the growth of lobsters so that their growth rate can be observed. Measurement of water quality as supporting data to determine the effect of the feed on water quality and determine the feasibility of water quality is carried out once every 10 days together with the sampling time. Some of the parameters observed were temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and degree of acidity (pH). Lobster growth performance from sampling every ten days showed that treatment C (placement of cages at a depth of 5 meters) was the best, with a daily growth rate (DGR) of 1.97%, and Feed efficiency of 15.01%. This shows that good water quality will affect the survival of fish and their growth. Suggestions that can be put forward so that research will be even better in the future is the addition of a shelter or hiding place for lobsters that are in the process of molting
Study of Water Quality Analysis in the Upper Cimanuk River, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province during the Dry Season
No full textThe Cimanuk River is the longest river in West Java after the Citarum River which passes through four districts namely Garut, Sumedang, Majalengka, and Indramayu districts. The headwaters of the Cimanuk River stretch from Garut to Sumedang Regency. The upper reaches of the Cimanuk river are crowded with various community activities that have the potential to cause a decrease in water quality. The decline in water quality that occurs will affect the existing resources in the upper reaches of the Cimanuk River. The purpose of this research is to gather information about water quality in the Upper Cimanuk River as seen from several measurement parameters. Water sampling was carried out during the dry season in September 2020. Water quality in the upper reaches of the Cimanuk River was obtained based on temperature parameters (27oC to 29oC), water brightness (30 cm to 36 cm), pH (6.54 to 6.67), DO (6.8 mgL-1 to 7.4 mgL-1), COD (11 mgL-1 to 13 mgL-1), TDS (206 mgL-1 to 244 mgL-1), TSS (19 mgL-1 to 26 mgL-1), ammonia (0.001 mgL-1 to 0.002 mgL-1), and nitrite (0.017 mgL-1 to 0.019 mgL-1) show that the water quality at each station in the upper reaches of the Cimanuk River is suitable for supporting the life of aquatic biota and fishing activities
Fatty Acids Profiling, Lipid Quality Indices and Antioxidant Properties of Some Small Indigenous Fishes of Manipur, India under Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot Region
No full textAims: The aim of the study is to access the nutritional qualities viz. fatty acids profile, lipid quality indices and antioxidant properties of fish oil. The present study will provide the information on the fulfillment of various nutritional qualities of small fishes.
Study Design: The study was carried out during the month of October, 2017 to February, 2018 in fishery laboratory, department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, India.
Methodology: The extraction and analysis of fatty acids were carried out following the method of Metcalfe et al. 1966. The fatty acids are identified searching in the NIST database using mass spectral search program. For antioxidant property the extract was analyzed using DPPH assay following the method described by Koleva et al. 2002. Data were analyzed using SPSS package (Version 17.0).
Results: The most abundant fatty acid (SFA) is palmitic acid (C16:0) which is followed by Stearic acid (C18:0) and undecylic acid (C11:0). The concentration of C16:0 was in the ranged of 14.67% to 27.96% which was highest in H. myitkyinae and lowest in G. giuris. Among the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) Oleic acid (C18:1n9) was the most abundant fatty acid which is followed by Vaccenic acid (C18:1n11) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:1) respectively. Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and Ecosapentanoic acid (EPA) are the predominant n3 fatty acids in all the fish studied. The index of atherogenicity (AI), index of thrombogenicity (TI), Hypocholesterolemic/ Hypercholesterolemic (HH) fatty acid ratio and Flesh lipid quality (FLQ) was in the ranged of 0.79% to 1.10%, 0.13% to 0.67%, 0.53%- 2.53% and 1.90% to 7.72% respectively. The highest antioxidant property was found in P. chola (8.69 µg/ml) and the lowest was observed T. burmanicus (46.83 µg/ml).
Conclusion: From the above analysis Small indigenous freshwater fishes (SIFFs) contained good lipid which provide enormous amount of PUFA and MUFA especially DHA and EPA contribute to various health related benefit. The scavenging activities of antioxidant properties of the SIFFs are also found to be considerable. Thus it can be indicates that these small fishes have good nutritional quality and can bring many benefits to human health
Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Malapterurus electricus from Anambra River, Nigeria
No full textAim: One of the constraints of fish in the wild for sustainable productivity is parasitic infections. The study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal helminth parasites associated with Malapterurus electricus and their prevalence in relation to sex and size.
Study Design: The study was a survey done to establish the type of gastrointestinal helminth parasites found in M. electricus.
Place and Duration of Study: The specimens were collected from Anambra River between August and December 2018.
Methodology: A total of thirty-two (32) fishes were examined through dissection and observation of the alimentary canal under the objective lens of the microscope. The chi-square test was employed to determine the possible association between parasite prevalence, the sexes, and size.
Results: The overall prevalence of parasites was 56.25%. The parasites recovered were, Electrotaenia malapteruri (50.00%) and Tenuisentis niloticus (6.25%). The male specimens (18) recorded a prevalence of 66.67% while the female (14) recorded a prevalence of 42.86%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths among gender (P=0.178, P>0.05). The length group, 30 – 39cm had a 100% prevalence. Thus, a significant difference between the fish size and parasite prevalence was observed. The weight groups, 100 -199g, and 400 - 499g also had a 100% prevalence. However, no significant relationship was observed between fish weight and parasite prevalence. The intestine was infected with parasitic worms of the cestode and acanthocephalan species.
Conclusion: This study showed that there is high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in M. electricus and this may possibly affect the fish quality
Morphometric Indices and Parasitic Incidence of Synodontis nigrita from Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria
No full textThe study was carried out to determine the morphometric indices and parasitic incidence of 160 fresh samples of Synodontis nigrita comprising of 80 samples each of female and male sexes. Fish samples were obtained from the catches of local fishermen along Lower River Benue at Wadata fish landing site of Benue State. Length–weight relationship was analyzed using the equation W=aLb. The condition factor of the fish samples was determined using the equation, K=100W/L3. Samples of Synodontis nigrita were later subjected to parasitological examination using standard parasitological method. The mean total length, body weight, condition factor, regression and correlation coefficients were higher for un-infested female samples of Synodontis nigrita than the infested female. Similarly, the mean total length body weight, condition factor, regression and correlation coefficients of un-infested male samples of Synodontis nigrita were higher than the infested males. A total of three hundred and fifty seven (357) parasites were recovered from 76(47.50%) infested samples. Out of the 357 parasites, 251 were recovered from 49(61.3%) infested female samples, 106 parasites were recovered from 27(33.8%) infested male samples. Among the infested parts of the female samples, the intestine accounted for the highest number/percentage (116/46.4%) parasite load, the least 2(0.8%) was recorded for the skin. Between the external parts (gill and skin) of the female fish samples, while the gill recorded the higher number of parasite load 28(12.8%), skin recorded 2(0.8%). Similarly, among the infested parts of the male samples, the intestine accounted for the highest number/percentage (65/61.3%) parasite load, the least 9(8.5%) was recorded for the gill. Between the external parts (gill and skin), the gill recorded 9(8.5%) number/percentage parasite load, no parasite was recovered from the skin. Prevalence (61.25), number of parasites (251) and intensity (5.10) of parasite infection were higher for female samples compared to the male with the prevalence, and intensity of parasite infection of 33.80, 106 and 3.90, respectively. However, the chi square value showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence, number of parasites and intensity of parasite infection between the sexes of Synodontis nigrita. Variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasite infection of female and male Synodontis nigrita based on size groups existed. However, it was generally observed that longer and heavier sized fish of both sexes were more infested with higher number of parasites than the smaller sized samples of both sexes