Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Stock Assessment and Virtual Population Analysis of Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Al-Diwaniya River, Middle of Iraq
No full textA total of 1128 individuals of C. auratus were collected from the Diwaniyah River, Iraq. Samples were collected between November 2016 and October 2017 using different fishing gears aiming to assess the stock assessment and virtual population analysis. Fish length ranged from 8.0 to 33.0 cm, with a length-weight relationship exhibiting positive allometric growth. Asymptotic length (L∞) was estimated at 33.0 cm, the growth coefficient (K) was 0.16, and the growth performance index (Ǿ) was 2.241. The values of total (Z), natural (M) and fishing (F) mortality rates were 0.89, 0.47, and 0.42, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) was 0.48. Length with a 50% probability of capture (LC50) was estimated at 18.7 cm and was higher than the length at first maturity (Lm50). The recruitment consisted of one seasonal pulse from April to July. The exploitation rate (E) was below the biological target reference points (E0.1 and Emax), indicating the stock was under exploitation state. The result of the virtual population analysis revealed that most of the fishing mortality happened in mid-lengths (18-26 cm) with a maximum rate at a length of 25 cm. Natural losses were highest among individuals within the length range of 8.0 to 15 cm and then decreased gradually to the length group of 30. For management purposes, this study suggests that more yields can be obtained by increasing the fishing activities on this invasive species, such as increasing the number of fishing boats and decreasing the mesh size to decline its abundance in the long term
Effects of Varying Dietary Levels of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaves Powder on Growth and Gonads Development in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
No full textAims: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible use of Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf powder as a reproductive inhibitor in Oreochromis niloticus
Place and Duration of Study: From 10th February to 21st June 2021 at the Kanhé-Moyo Integrated Fisheries and Aquaculture Research and Application Farm located in the locality of Baho\u27o belonging to the Baham District,in the West Region of Cameroon
Study Design: 720 Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with an average weight of 13±2.5g were randomly distributed in 12 happas arranged in an earthen pond measuring approximately 10 x 20 m and fed 3 experimental diets, formulated from a control diet to contain Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaf powder at doses of 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg of feed respectively.
Methodology: After 45 days post-treatment, survival and zootechnical growth parameters were assessed. Histological examination of the gonads was used to determine the impact of treatment on gonadal development at 45 and 65 days post-treatment respectively.
Results: The results show that the different treatments had a similar effect on survival (P˃0.05), with an average value of 97.91 ± 3.81%. Analysis of the growth parameters of fishes from the different batches treated with different doses of H. rosa sinensis leaf powder revealed that the dose of 4.5 g/kg of H. rosa sinensis had a significantly greater effect than the other treatments applied in terms of Mean Final Weight (with a mean value of 24.77±0.27g), Mean Weight Gain (with a mean value of 3.63±1.18 g), mean specific growth rate (with a mean value of 1.13 ± 0.40%/day) and Mean Daily Gain (with a mean value of 0.25±0.08 g/d). However, analysis of the gonado somatic index at 45 and 60 days post-treatment of batches treated with different doses of H. rosa sinensis leaves revealed a significantly higher effect of the 3.5 g/kg dose on the gonado somatic index in both males and females. Observation of the testicular structures of the males from the treated batches revealed alterations reflecting an inhibition of gonadal development, which justifies the low gonado somatic index values observed in these different treated batches compared with the control batches. These alterations were also observed in the ovarian tissues of the treated females both at 45 and 60 days post-treatment. However, observations of the gonadal structures of satellite males and females at 60 days post-treatment revealed partial restoration of gonadal tissue in both males and females.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Hibiscus rosa sinensis leaves could be used as an alternative ecological method for inhibiting reproduction in Oreochromis niloticus. The results will help local producer networks to improve tilapia production
Correlation of Water Quality Parameters on Growth Performance of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty, 1986) Cultivated with Diagonal Method
No full textKappaphycus alvarezii seaweed is an exported commodity that has economic value and is a leading commodity in aquaculture. The present study aims to analyze the correlation between water quality parameters and the growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed using the diagonal method. A completely randomized design using three treatments and four replications was applied for the experimental design. The research was carried out from May to June 2023 in the waters of Angkue Village, Bone Regency, Indonesia. Treatment in this diagonal model was based on the length of the diagonal rope, namely 2.5 m (treatment 1), 3.5 m (treatment 2), and 4.5 m (treatment 3) of the water depth and seaweed maintained for 42 days at a water depth of five meters. The results showed that the absolute growth of seaweed was 17,537.0 g during the study, with an average of 5845.67 ± 359.34 g. In treatment 1, the absolute growth was 1368.55 ± 5.29 g; in treatment 2, it was 1467.83 ± 4.58 g; and in treatment 3, it was 1547.88 ± 1.24 g, with the highest growth rate and the lowest growth rate in the first week. Water quality parameters all contribute positively to seaweed growth, but those that contribute most strongly to seaweed growth are brightness, phosphate, nitrate, and salinity
Assessing Diet & Trophic Position of Fish in Chenderoh Reservoir, Malaysia: SCA & SIA Approach
No full textThe present study assessed and compared the diet and trophic positions (TP) of two carnivorous fish H. macrolepidota and C. ocellaris from Chenderoh Reservoir, Malaysia. The focal goal of the study was to understand the effects of invasive non-indigenous species (NIS), C. ocellaris, on the native indigenous (IS) fish species, H. macrolepidota. Data were acquired from September 2014 to February 2015 within the study area. The assessment was grounded in stomach content analysis (SCA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA), which collectively clarified the feeding habits and trophic positions (TP) of these selected fish. In total, 184 fish samples (comprising 64 individuals of H. macrolepidota and 120 individuals of C. ocellaris) underwent stomach content analysis (SCA). Additionally, 24 individuals (12 of H. macrolepidota and 12 of C. ocellaris), sampled from December 2014 to February 2015, were selected for stable isotope analysis (SIA). The mean RGL values for H. macrolepidota and C ocellaris were 0.98 ± 0.18 and 1.10 ± 0.15 (Mean ± SD), respectively, aligning with known ranges for carnivorous fish. These values also clarified that both species occupy higher TP in the food web as tertiary or quaternary consumers. SCA findings also revealed that fish and crustaceans were the predominant food categories for H. macrolepidota, while C. ocellaris predominantly fed on fish. The mean stomach fullness index (MSF) and the gastrosomatic index (GSI) corroborated the differences in the foraging performance of the fishes, with C. ocellaris having a higher MSF (2.03) compared to H. macrolepidota (0.65). These implied that C. ocellaris had plentiful of food and encountered fewer diet-related challenges in the ecosystem. From SIA, δ13C values indicated that the primary carbon sources for both species are C3 plants, particularly aquatic vegetation. Further, δ15N values further ensured that both H. macrolepidota and C. ocellaris are carnivorous in nature and occupy higher TP in the ecosystem
Fish Biodiversity and Suggested Conservation Measures of Transboundary River Someshwari in Netrokona, Bangladesh
No full textConsidering the importance of fish biodiversity for sustainable management of river fisheries, this study aims to explore and evaluate the fish biodiversity of Someshwari River along with conservation measures from November 2020 to October 2021. Data collection was carried out in Jaria, Susang Durgapur, Shivganj Bazar and Bijoypur of Netrokona district. Questionnaire interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Direct observations, Key Informant Interview (KII) was used to collect data. During the study period, 23 species under 12 families were determined. Among them 6 finfish species are endangered, 4 are critically endangered, 5 are vulnerable, 7 are data deficient, and 2 are not threatened, respectively which includes highest catch catfishes at about 26.62%. However, the lowest amount catch constituted the Miror carp of about 5.29%. After the catfish, the second highest catch was 15.9% of small prawn. Another dominant group major carps contained 11.26%, and barbs remained at 11% of the catch and the loaches constituted 1.3% of the total catch. In addition, other groups like Mola carplet 7%, gourami 2.20%, Spiny eels 9.86% etc. were found in the Someshwari river. There were about 81% fish for food and 17% ornamental fish. Fourteen distinct types of fishing equipment were used namely: nets, traps, hooks, and lines, and wounding equipment. Finally, indiscriminate use of harmful gear, extraction of sand and rock, inadequate supervision of Governments and Non Governemental orgazizations, pollution from the adjacent areas, high interest rate of bank loan were understood as common constraints in the study area. Therefore, recommendations were made to improve river fisheries management through habitat restoration, increasing public awareness, prohibition on exploiting brood fish and active participation for sustainable catch
Population Structure of Vermiculated Spinefoot (Siganus vermiculatus Valenciennes, 1835) in the Waters of Makassar Strait, Indonesia
No full textIntensive exploitation of vermiculated spinefoot in the Makassar Strait suggests a potential shift in population dynamics. This study aims to examine various biological aspects of the species, such as size distribution, growth patterns, condition factors, sex ratio, gonad maturity, and the size at first gonad maturity. Conducted through a survey method in the waters of the Makassar Strait, the research utilized tickle net fishing gear continuously operated in the area. Findings revealed that male fish had an average length distribution of 18.3 ± 0.325 cm, while female fish measured 19.8 ± 0.496 cm. Both genders exhibited negative allometric growth patterns. The condition factor was 0.999 ± 0.004 for males and 1.001 ± 0.005 for females. The sex ratio appeared unbalanced, with gonad maturity stages ranging from immature to spawning. The size at which males first matured gonads was 21.587 cm, while for females, it was 19.229 cm, indicating faster gonad maturation in females. To ensure sustainability, fishing efforts should target individuals above the size at which gonads first mature
Investigating the Acute Toxic Effects of Urea Fertilizer on Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
No full textThe research aimed to assess the acute toxicity of urea fertilizer on juveniles of Oreochromis niloticus. The findings indicated a correlation between increasing concentrations of urea fertilizer and higher mortality rates among the test organisms, with an LC50 value determined at 500 mg/l. Additionally, a rise in total dissolved solids was observed with higher concentrations of urea. Parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) changes as the concentrations of urea increases. Behavioural responses during the exposure phase included heightened excitability, vigorous swimming behaviours, loss of equilibrium, culminating in mortality. These results unequivocally demonstrate that urea fertilizer at acute concentrations poses significant toxic risks to juvenile Oreochromis niloticus
Phytochemical and Proximate Analysis of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Leaves Aqueous Extract and Its Prophylatic Effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infected Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
No full textThe phytochemical and proximate analysis of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) leaves were carried out to ascertain its bio-active compounds and proximate composition, and their importance in aquaculture. Subsequently, four different feeds were produced from a thirty-five (35) percent crude protein feed using I. batatas aqueous leaves extracts as follows: Do (Oml/kg); D1 (50ml/kg); D2 (100ml/kg) and D3 (150ml/kg). One hundred and fifty (150) sub-adult Clarias gariepinus were distributed to five groups in triplicate and designated as: D+ve (positive control); D-ve (negative control); D1; D2 and D3. While D+ve and D-ve were fed Do, D1 – D3 were fed 50ml/kg – 150ml/kg respectively. After eight weeks of feeding ten (10) fish from D-ve, D1 – D3 were infected intraperitoneal, with 1.5ml of 15 x 1010cfu/ml over night grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fish in D+ve was not infected. After one week post infection period, the prophylactic effects of the I. batatas leaves extract were evaluated on the experimental fish following assessments on survival rate, disease resistance, condition factor and physicochemical parameters of the experimental waters. The results indicates as follows: proximate composition of I. batatas leaves contains fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate at different percentages, but they were higher in content in the dried leaves, but reverse was the case for moisture content. Phytochemical content of I. batatas leaves contains high percentage of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and Saponins with noticeable quantities of tannins, anthraquinones and coumarins; the survival rate and disease resistance indicates that D-ve recorded 46.66+11.54% and 0+0.00% respectively, while D+ve and D1 – D3 had 100+0.00% in both parameters; there were no significant difference in the dissolve oxygen, temperature and pH D+ve, D-ve and D1 – D3 but the value in D-v were lower compared to the rest. The values for conductivity and total dissolve solids (TDS) were significantly higher in D1-D3 compared to D+ve and D-ve, but the value of TDS was significantly lower in D+ve
Effects of Flour Extract of Leaves of Terminalia catappa (L) on Aeromonas Motile Septicemia in Cyprinus carpio (L) Larvae
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Terminalia catappa (L) leaf flour extract in controlling Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) disease caused by A. hydrophila in common carp larvae. The research method used in this study is an experimental method using a complete randomized design (RAL). This research consists of 2 stages; in vitro and in vivo tests using T. catappa leaf extract. In vitro test, T. catappa leaf extract consists of 5 different doses; The treatments consisted of 0 (negative control), 20, 40, 80, and 100 g L-1 T. catappa leaf flour extract and Stroptomycinsulphate 0.005 g (positive control). In vivo test, 3 best doses were selected based on the diameter zone of inhibition; 60, 80, and 100 g L-1, with positive (using Stroptomycinsulphate 0.005 g and untreated sample (without T. catappa leaf flour extract), each with 3 replicates. The results showed that using T. catappa leaf flour extract can significantly increase the fish\u27s immune response, resistance, and survival. Duncan\u27s further test showed that the 100 g L-1 dose treatment revealed an increase in immune response and survival rate compared to the F and G treatments
First Record of Snakehead Gudgeon (Ophiocara porocephala) in Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia
No full textAims: As reported this paper, the new record of O. porocephala has helped to improved the knowledge of the species as it extends the distribution range.
Study Design: Short Communication.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted from September to November 2021. Sampling was carried out in the Tampa Garam mangrove forest swamp located in Tampa Garam Village, Maldum Mes Distric, Sorong City.
Methodology: The morphology of fishes has been the primary source of information for taxonomic and evolutionary studies. There were numerous characters available for morphological study.
Results: O. porocephala had a horizontally and terminally wide mouth with a large enough distance from the posterior area of the eye. O. porocephala had ideal eye spacing with small eyelids and large corneas, two dorsal fins and an anal fin each with a distance of 1 and 22mm between the dorsal fins, the anterior dorsal consists of spines fins, while the posterior was weak fins. Fish habitat was found in mangrove areas or in estuarine areas with a salinity of 11 ppt, small fish lived in shallow areas while larger fish lived in deeper areas. The brightness of the air when the fish were isolated was 100%. Oxygen levels at 4 mg/l. O. Porocephala obtained during the study, consisting of gender is 1 female and unidenified. Meanwhile, the fish size in the class 10,9-225,39 cm and gonad weight is 2,62 of female fish with categorie gonad maturity is 3.
Conclusion: Based on the results of research, fish that live in mangrove areas are carnivorous, with large fish species having a total length of 18,4 cm and small fish less than 10 cm, further research needs to be carryout base on the feed habit and maturity of this fish