Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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Climate Change Impacts on Aquaculture Systems in Key Producing Nations: Assessing Vulnerability and Proposing a Novel Adaptation Measure
No full textClimate change poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry, impacting both the productivity and sustainability of this vital sector. This study focuses on the vulnerability of the top aquaculture producing nations to climate change and explores potential novel adaptation strategy. The vulnerability assessment considered various factors, including the exposure of aquaculture systems to climate change, Productivity of the industry, climate change initiators and the GDP of each nation surveyed. The study identifies the United Kingdom (UK) aquaculture as the most vulnerable and at risk of climate change impacts followed by the United States of America (USA) and Nigeria’s aquaculture. In terms of continents, Europe, Oceania, and Africa are identified as the most vulnerable regions, while America and Asia are considered the least vulnerable. The UK, with its extensive aquaculture operations and geographical exposure to climate change risks, faces significant challenges in adapting to changing conditions especially with the exit from European Union (Brexit). The USA, another major aquaculture producer, also faces vulnerability due to its diverse range of climatic conditions and coastal aquaculture operations. Nigeria, a prominent aquaculture producer in Africa, is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its dependence on freshwater aquaculture systems leading to low water usage in aquaculture despite vast marine water resource. Strict measures including novel adaptation measure such as the NanoSolar technique must be put in place in these countries in other to ensure that aquaculture production doesn’t decline and also to ensure that global food security is not put under pressure with the growing world population size
Diversity of Echinoderms in the Subtidal Zone of Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park, Jepara, Indonesia
No full textAims: To determine the diversity of Echinoderms in the subtidal zone of Sintok Island.
Study Design: This study applied a purposive sampling method.
Place and Duration of Study: Sintok Island, Jepara, Indonesia, November 2019.
Methodology: The belt transect method was used. The transect was drawn 200 m perpendicular from the coastline to the sea. The echinoderms in the 2m area along the transect line are observed for their diversity, the number of individuals from each species is counted, and the substrate is observed.The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener, evenness (uniformity), and dominance indices were analyzed.
Results: The results showed 11 species belonging to 3 classes of Echinoderms found in Sintok Island. Holothuroidea class consisted of Holothuria atra, H. coluber, H. edulis, H. impatiens, Pearsonothuria graeffei, and Synapta maculata. Asteroidea class consisted of Culcita novaeguineae, Linckia laevigata, and Protoreaster nodosus. The Echinoidea class consists of Diadema setosum and Laganum laganum. H. atra was the most abundant species (0.70 ind.m-2). The diversity index value (H\u27) of Echinoderm was in the range of 1.21 to 2.01, classified as a moderate condition.
Conclusion: The echinoderm species in subtidal areas on Sintok Island could be a good tourist attraction in this national park
Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites, Stomach Contents and Condition Factor of Bostrychus africanus (Sleeper gobies) and Periophthalmus papilio (Mudskipper) found in Ikpukulu-Ama Creek, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textAim: Bostrychus africanus and Periophthalmus papilio are important fisheries in parts of southern Nigeria. However, there is a dearth of information on the gastrointestinal helminths of these gobiids, especially from the Ikpukulu-Ama Creek, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. This research was, therefore, necessary to provide information on the parasites as well as stomach content analysis and condition factor of both fish species.
Study Design: A total of 62 Bostrychus africanus and thirty-six (36) Periophthalmus papilio were caught for analysis using basket traps on the mudflats of the creek.
Place and Duration of Study: Sampling was done at the Ikpukulu-Ama Creek, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria in September, 2023.
Methodology: In the laboratory, samples were identified using morphometric characteristics and identification keys and examined for parasites using standard diagnostic techniques.
Results: Nematodes, Raphidascaroides africanus (16.1%), were examined from B. africanus, whereas acanthocephalans, Neoechinorhynchus sp. (2.8%), were observed from P. papilio. The result of this study suggests a parasite preference of B. africanus over P. papilio. Stomach content analysis showed the presence of crab parts and muddy sediments in B. africanus. Condition factor was better in B. africanus (1.1 to 1.8) than in P. papilio (0.7 to 1.1).
Conclusion: There is a dearth of information on the stomach content of P. papilio and therefore, is suggested for future studies, and scientific reasons for the parasite preference of B. africanus over P. papilio should be elucidated
Fortification of Shrimp Shell Flour as a Source of Calcium on the Preference Level of Bread
No full textThis research aim was to find the most preferred percentage of shrimp shell flour fortification on white bread. This research used an experimental method with 20 semi-trained panelists and 5 treatments of shrimp shell flour percentages which were 0%; 2,5%; 5%; 7,5%; and 10%. The parameters in this research were yield of shrimp shells, bread volume development, and calcium content which were analyzed with a comparative descriptive method; and preference level which was analyzed using the Friedman test. Fisheries Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science and Test Service Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Padjadjaran University, between January and June 2023. Yield and volume development were tested by the ratio of the mass of shrimp shells flour and shrimp shells (yield test) and dough volume and white bread loaf (volume development test) times 100%. The Preference test used an organoleptic test with each panelist being given a test sheet to test 5 treatments of white bread fortified with shrimp shell flour and to test their preference level on 4 characteristics; which were color, aroma, texture, and taste. Calcium content was tested using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer method on the control treatment (0%) and the most preferred treatment. Yield result from shrimp shell flour was 27.8% (139 gr) from its initial mass (500 gr). Volume development of white bread showed decreases in volume with each treatment from 136.433% to 111.504%. The most preferred fortification of shrimp shell flour on white bread was treatment 2.5% with an alternative value of 7.22 and characteristic value of color 9, aroma 7, taste 7, and texture 7, which means overall still preferred. The calcium content within treatment 2.5% was 30.095 mg/100gr which is significantly higher than the calcium of treatment 0% (1.465 mg/100gr) and could assist humans meet their calcium needs
Analysis of Fish Cultivation Productivity in the Bandung City through Buruan Sae Program
No full textThis research aims to analyze the production and productivity of fish cultivation in the Buruan Sae Program in Bandung City. Apart from the socio-economic characteristics of program implementers, there are several conditions and obstacles experienced by program implementers as complementary research data. The research method used is the case study method. This research was conducted in three groups of the Buruan Sae Program. The implementation will be carried out in October 2023 – March 2024. The respondents in this research were 46 people who were program implementers from three groups of the Buruan Sae Program. This research applies a saturated sampling method or census. The analytical method in this research uses quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the Warnasari Mandiri Group produced 210 kg of fish, while the Jasmine Integrated Farm Group and the Belpas 15 Group produced 10 kg and 15 kg of fish respectively. Warnasari Mandiri Group with fish cultivation productivity per container of 0.2 kg/year/liter. Meanwhile, the Jasmine Integrated Farm and Belpas 15 groups fish cultivation productivity per container is 0.05 and 0.07 kg/year/liter. The R/C Ratio for the Warnasari Mandiri Group is 1.14, Jasmine Integrated Farm is 2.33, and Belpas 15 is 1.25. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the fish production of the Warnasari Mandiri Group, the Jasmine Integrated Farm Group, and the Belpas 15 Group is in the medium category. The Warnasari Mandiri group has the highest fish cultivation productivity per container, while the Jasmine Integrated Farm and Belpas 15 groups have lower fish cultivation productivity. Overall, the R/C Ratio of the three groups shows favorable results, namely greater than 1
Assessment of Women’s Participation in Fish Processing in Ekiti State, Nigeria
No full textThis research examined the involvement of women in various stages of fish processing in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A sampling method was used to select 90 women fish processors, and data was collected through structured interviews. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, and means, along with charts. Additionally, probit regression analysis was conducted to identify socio-economic factors influencing women\u27s participation in fish processing. The findings revealed that, on average, women involved in fish processing were 38.5 years old, with 57% being married and 28.4% being single. A majority (61.7%) had received formal education, and nearly all (91%) were members of cooperative societies. The study found that women were primarily engaged in scaling, gutting, and sticking (87%), with 60% using the hot smoking method. Most processing equipment was locally fabricated, with 15% using drum ovens, 25% using metal sheets, 45% using clay ovens, and 40% using kilns. The majority (85%) used firewood as a fuel source, and 89% packaged their fish in baskets and paper. The probit regression analysis indicated that age, education, access to credit, and access to markets were positively and significantly related to women\u27s participation in fish processing. Marital status and experience in fish processing were also positively related but not significantly. The study concluded that women utilized various methods, equipment, and energy sources in fish processing. Based on the findings, recommendations were made, including assisting women in forming cooperative societies to enhance their business management skills, prioritizing women in accessing credit and loans, and stabilizing fish product prices to mitigate business risks among women processors
Effects of Soybean Meal Substitution on the Growth and Survival of Clarias jaensis (Boulenger, 1909) Juveniles Using Chromolaena odorata Leaves Powder
No full textAims: The aim was to contribute to the improvement of Clarias jaensis productivity through the evaluation of the effect of the substitution level of soybean meal by Chromolaena odorata leaves powder on the survival rate and growth characteristics of Clarias jaensis juveniles.
Place and Duration of the Study: From April to June 2019 at TAWON (LN: 5°10\u27 - 5°20\u27 and LE: 10°20\u27 - 10°21\u27). Sudano-Guinean altitude zone of West Cameroon.
Study Design: Two hundred and twenty-five Clarias jaensis juveniles (12.44 ± 0.15g) were divided into five treatments corresponding to 0; 10; 15; 20 and 25% of substitution level of soybean meal by Chromolaena odorata leaves powder.
Methodology: They were fed twice a day (8:00 A.M. and 6:00 P.M.) at 5% of ichthyobiomass, total length, live body weight and physicochemical parameters were measured every tree week for 84 days.
Results: At the 15% substitution level of soybean meal, the survival rate was the highest (100%). Mean Final Weight and Mean Daily Weight Gain were significantly (P≤0.05) higher at 15% (45.73 ± 7.45g and 0.56 ± 0.31g/d). Specific Growth Rate and Condition factor K were higher at 25% (1.41 ± 0.68%/d and 1.08 ± 0.22%g/cm3), however, no significant differences were recorded. The cost of feed to produce one kg of C. jaensis was lower at 15% (609.61 Fcfa).
Conclusion: Soybean meal can be substituted by C. odorata leaves powder at 15% in feed for C. jaensis juveniles
Effect of Different Ages of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Broodstock on Reproductive Performance and Fries Production
No full textThis study was conducted at the hatchery complex of Akwa Ibom State University to investigate the effect of different ages of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on their reproductive performances. Eighteen (18) broodstock of Clarias gariepinus (3 males and 3 females) from each age group, six months, twelve months and eighteen months old with average body measurement of 1.1kg and 32cm for six month, 1.8kg and 43cm for 12 months and 2.5 kg and 65.7cm for 18 months were selected from AKSU fish farm labeled treatment A, B and C for the study. 3 male broodstock from each treatment were sacrificed for milt extraction without hormonal inducement. The milt from each treatment were separately pooled into one volume and divided into three portions each diluted with 2ml of normal saline solution. Three female broodstock from each treatment were separately induced with ovaprim at a single dosage of 0.5ml/kg body weight of fish and allowed for a latency period of ten hours at water temperature of 26oC before stripping manually. 3g of egg from each broodstock was mixed with the diluted milt and activated with 100 mls of normal saline. The fertilized eggs were incubated in aerated indoor concrete tanks in 3 replicates. % fertilization were accessed six (6) hours after incubation, % hatchability was accessed twenty-six hours (26) after incubation, while the percentage survival and fry production success in each treatment was accessed after ten (10) days post hatching. The results reveal that the reproductive parameters considered in this study significantly (p<0.05) increased with age of broodstocks. The percentage fertilization of egg from the least to the oldest broodstock were 63.67± 0.88, 69.50 ± 0.87 and 81.83 ± 5.05 respectively. The percentage hatchability of the oldest broodstock was 82.62 ± 1.6 significantly (P< 0.05) higher than 64.79 ± 2.74 (12 months) with the least value of 49.04 ± 5.76 recorded for six-month-old broodstock. The oldest broodstock had the highest percentage survival 83.14 ± 3.16 and fry production success of 56.05± 0.06 while the least broodstock (6-month-old) had the least value of survival 54.59 ± 2.42 and fry production success of 17.17 ± 2.59%
Impact of Water Quality on the Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus in Fish Farms within Fako Division, Cameroon
No full textAquaculture in South-West Cameroon has evolved although not exponentially due to a qualified workforce. The problem of water quality in fish farms that could be associated with poor feeding and water quality management impacts the life of aquatic animals. Fish needs a healthy environment for its optimal growth and development (case study of Catfish). The objective of this studied was to determine the impact of water quality on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus in some fish farms within Fako Division-South West Region of Cameroon. Material and methods: The method used in this research topic is descriptive, with 4 different localities, namely IRAD Batoke (A), Bakingili (B), Cornelius Fish Center (C) and Oumarou fish farm (D) Mile 2 Limbe. Collection of physicochemical and biological data was conducted from the period of March 8th to May 15th 2023 in Fako Division. Results: The results revealed highest mean temperature value (28.22±0.94ºC) in IRAD Batoke broodstocks tanks while Cornelius fish Center had the highest mean pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid with values of 8.16±1.25; 0.84±0.35 ms/cm; and 0.38±1.8ppt in the broodstocks tanks and table fish tanks. The highest dissolved oxygen (<8mg/l); highest nitrite level (<0.025 mg/l) and highest Ammonium (<0.05 mg/l) were noted in three localities except the Bakingili locality. The physicochemical parameters of water had no negative impacts on the growth performance of this species. Conclusion: The results of physicochemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, NH4, NO2, O2 obtained during the study experienced a relative variation and were very suitable for the growth and development of Clarias gariepinus
Enhancing Mangrove Resilience: Assessing Rhizophora sp. Survival in Davao Occidental’s Conservation and Rehabilitation Zones, Philippines
No full textThree distinct sampling locations within Davao Occidental, namely Brgy. Sto. Rosario in Sta. Maria municipality, Sitio Tawang in Brgy. Buhangin, and Sitio Agdao in Brgy. Tubalan in Malita municipality were investigated to evaluate the survival of planted mangroves (Rhizophora sp.). The study revealed a notable discrepancy in survival rates among the sites, with Sitio Agdao exhibiting the highest survival with 97.58%, followed by Sto. Rosario (91.84%), and Sitio Tawang registering 70.46% survival rate. No significant variance was observed between survival rates in Sta. Maria and Malita. Findings indicated diverse causes of mangrove mortality, including strong waves during northeasterly winds impacting Sto. Rosario, flashfloods affecting Sitio Tawang, and the presence of epiphytes (specifically barnacles) in Sitio Agdao. Among the sites, Sitio Tawang exhibited significantly lowest survival rates compared to Sto. Rosario and Sitio Agdao. Substrate analysis revealed clay loam in Sto. Rosario, sandy loam in Sitio Agdao, and sandy clay in Sitio Tawang. The study recommends extending mangrove survival rate monitoring to other conservation and rehabilitation areas, continuing mangrove rehabilitation efforts, and manually removing epiphytes to enhance survival rates