Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research
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An Overview of the Freshwater Cladoceran Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) and Its Application in Fish Larviculture
No full textOver the last three decades, aquaculture has become increasingly important, leading to the commercial viability of various shellfish and finfish species. The production of live feed is gaining popularity as a way to enhance the nutritional quality of species raised in aquaculture. Daphnia is a type of small crustacean belonging to the Brachiopoda family, commonly found in freshwater environments. Daphnia spp. serves as an excellent natural food source for tropical fish fry and has emerged as an alternative to traditional fish feeds. Utilizing Daphnia in aquaculture offers benefits such as low cost and ease of cultivation. This study addresses the identification of Daphnia, its reproduction and life cycle, nutritional value, significance in aquaculture, and methods of cultivation
Comparative Study on Current Fishing Status of Paalameenmadu and Kallar Barmouths in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka
No full textBatticaloa lagoon is one of the productive estuaries on the East coast of Sri Lanka and is connected to the sea at two points, Paalameenmadu and Kallar barmouths. The entire dynamics of the lagoon is based on the seasonal opening and closing of the above barmouths which influences the fish catch composition in nearby fishing areas. This study collects information on current fishing practices, species composition of the catch, and seasonal catch species composition, the level of awareness on fishing regulation and sustainable fishery using semi-structured questionnaire. Fisheries data were collected from 10 major barmouth fishery landing sites from January to April 2021. 210 respondents were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect responses after a pre-test and analysed with descriptive statistics method using SPSS. The study revealed that Paalameenmadu barmouth was opened annually and Kallar barmouth has been closed for the last five years. The most practiced crafts in Paalameenmadu are outboard Fiber Reinforced Plastic boats (OFRP) by 35.26% of fishers and small lagoon canoes by 87.04% fishers in Kallar. A total of seven types of fishing gears are used, among them hook and line, cast net, and dragnet were identified as major fishing gears operated. 30 aquatic species have been recorded in the catch, representing 17 families. Among them, dominant fish families are Scombridae 17.11% and Penaeidae 14.81% in Paalameenmadu. In the Kallar, family Penaeidae 18.75% and Gerreidae 16.32% have been recorded. Barmouth opening is favourable for fishing and 38.57% Penaeidae species were caught during barmouth opening period. Community response that Irregular and early barmouth opening have caused a reduction in fish production which impacts on economic activities. Fishermen have good awareness on importance of fishery resources sustainability and these resources need to be preserved for future generations through proper management practices
Effects of Tiny Moss Bryum capillare Meal on Growth Parameter, Haematology, Histology and Carcass Quality of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) Juveniles
No full textThis research determines the effects of Tiny Moss Bryum capillare meal, on growth parameter, Haematology, Histology and Carcass Quality of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) Juveniles. The study was conducted for fifty six (n=56) days, under a completely randomized design. Tiny Moss Bryum capillare was included in to the experiment at level of 0, 2, 3, 4, 5% The final body weight and the daily weight gain increase as the Tiny Moss (Bryum capillare) inclusion increased among the individual treatment. The results of the feed conversion ratio were significantly (p <0.05) different among the groups, such that T1 and T2 had the best FCR followed by T5 and T6 which had similar values but the T4 had the least value. The amino acid profile showed that the Glutamic Acid, Aspartic Acid,Valine, Threonine, Serine, Phenylalanine, Proline and Methionine increased in value while Lysine, Leucine, Arginine, Alanine, Isoleucine , Glycine, Histidine and Tryptophan reduced in value and there was no significant change in cysteine (%) all were significantly at (P<0.05). The haematological parameters of the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles fed graded levels of diets containing Tiny Moss (Bryum capillare) were not significantly different (P>0.05). The histological analysis of tiny Moss (Bryum capillare) feed shows normal skin architecture with well outlined epithelia cell (EC) moderate effect on the skin layer with moderate necrosis (N) of the muscular region with the epithelia lining and superficial spreading of melanoma (M) restricted to the epidermis. The heart shows normal cardiac tissue with cardiac cell (CC), cardiac fiber (CF) cardiac muscles (CM) shows moderate aggregate of myocardiac inflammation (AMI). The gill showed section of gill with ghost (G) appearance with severe aggregate of inflammatory cell (AIC). The liver cells revealed severe effect on the hepatic tissue with severe intra hepatic inflammation (IHI) and intra hepatic hemorrhage (IHIH). The damage done to these organs as the result of the feeds correlates with the concentrations of the feeds in each experimental tank
Phytoremediation Potential of Selected Plants & Growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Aquaponic Systems
No full textAquaponic systems use plants` natural ability to absorb nutrients from aquaculture wastewater. This improves water quality for fish and promotes plant growth, resulting in a sustainable and efficient food production method. However, the nutrient removal capacity of many plant species within aquaponics remains underexplored. This study investigated the potential of three plant species: sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and amaranth (Amaranthus dubius) for biofiltration within a media-based aquaponic system. In addition, the growth performance of plants and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) within the system was evaluated. Artemisia annua recorded significantly higher removal rates for ammonia (52.5 ± 19.9%), nitrate (61.6 ± 9.02%), and nitrite (41.9 ± 8.7%) compared to other plant species. In contrast, C. pepo exhibited the lowest nutrient removal efficiency. Most water quality parameters, except for ammonia and dissolved oxygen, remained within the optimal range for O. niloticus growth during the experiment. Significantly higher (P˂0.05) fish growth rates (0.33 ± 0.006 g/day) were observed in A. annua than other treatments. Similarly, A. annua produced the highest plant yield (0.49 ± 0.02 kg/m²), while C. pepo yielded the least (0.29 ± 0.00 kg/m²). All the studied plants reduced aquaponic system waste, with A. annua exhibiting significantly higher biofiltration efficiency, promoting increased fish growth and plant yield. This demonstrates their potential for sustainable aquaculture through wastewater treatment and healthy fish production in media-based systems
Nutrient Digestibility of Non-conventional Protein Sources Blend in African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Post Juveniles Using Novel Aquafeed Formulation Software
No full textIn this study, the growth performance, carcass composition, and apparent digestibility coefficient of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were evaluated in relation to different non-conventional protein sources blends diets that were formulated using a novel feed formulation software (FUTA AQUAFEED). Diet 1 served as the control diet, and the other four experimental diets (Diets 2 through 5) included non-conventional protein sources such blood meal, water hyacinth, palm kernel cake, palm beetle meal, blackfly meal, water fern, and Moringa. The gross composition of the experimental feeds exhibited notable variations in nutrient content. The crude protein content in the diets were iso-nitrogenous. Analysis of the composition of the carcass showed that diets varied significantly. Diet 5 had the highest fat content (10.66%), while Diet 3 had the highest crude protein amount (61.57%). Growth performance parameters such as initial and final weights, weight increase, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) exhibited diverse patterns. Diet 5 produced the greatest final weight (324.00 ± 122.94 g) and weight gain (173.32 ± 96.06 g), suggesting that the varied protein blend may have advantages. Dietary differences were seen in the apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and lipids. The crude protein digestibility coefficient (90.68%) was best in Diet 3, while the crude lipid digestibility coefficient (92.00%) was highest in Diet 1. In conclusion, the inclusion of unconventional protein sources in the diets of C. gariepinus affects both their growth performance and nutritional makeup. Through the incorporation of alternate protein sources into fish diets, the findings offer insights for improving aquaculture techniques and advancing sustainability
Assessment of Post-harvest Losses and Preservation Techniques among Artisanal Fisher-folks in Oyan Dam, Ogun State
No full textThis study was carried out to assess the post-harvest losses among fisher-folks in Oyan dam. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select Ninety (90) respondents from the fishing communities. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire, and the collected data were subjected to descriptive and multiple regression analysis. The result revealed 53.30% of the fisher-folks were between the age of 40-59years, 80% of the fisherfolks interviewed were married, while 41.11% and 37.78% had primary and no formal education respectively. 64.44% of the fisher-folks had alternative jobs and their average total catch/effort is 30kg. The result also revealed that 48.89% and 35.56 experienced 10-20% and <10% post-harvest losses. Theft (83.33%), weather condition (56.67%) and lack of cold storage facilities (51.11%) were the major factors contributing to postharvest losses in the fishing communities. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that gender and experience are statistically significant (p<0.05) with postharvest losses. In conclusion, there’s a need for reduction in the postharvest losses in these fishing communities in order to enhance food security and sustain the environment
Effect of Dietary Lysine and DL-Methionine Supplementation in Roasted Soyabean-Based Diet on the Growth Performance and Blood Profiles of Clarias gariepinus
No full textThis study was designed to investigating the growth performance, hematology, and serum biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus nourished with roasted soyabean based diets with varied inclusion of dietary amino acid. A total of 360 Clarias gariepinus juveniles, aged eight weeks and weighing 19.0±0.4 grams, were randomly assigned to six different diets with varying inclusion levels of lysine and DL-methionine (g/100g). The diets were as follows: RS1 (Control) without lysine or DL-methionine supplementation; RS 2 - 0g + 1g; RS 3 - 0.25g + 0.75g; RS 4 - 0.5g + 0.5g; RS 5 - 0.75g + 0.25g; and RS 6 - 1g + 0g of Lysine and DL-methionine. For 84 days, the fish were fed until they were completely satisfied. Each treatment was in triplicate. Supplementing lysine and methionine in a diet based on roasted soybeans did not significantly (P>0.05) effect on the growth parameter such as final weight, feed conversion ratio, and/or specific growth rate in fish. A significantly higher survival rate was observed in fish on diet RS 5 (85.60±0.60) and was closely followed by fish fed diet RS 3 and RS 4. Fish fed diets RS 4 and RS 5 exhibited significantly higher (P<0.05) packed cell volume (PCV %) and hemoglobin levels. While, White blood cell counts (x10^9/L) varied significantly among the different diets. The addition of supplemental amino acids did not significantly (P>0.05) affect total protein (g/L), and the values ranges from 6.60±0.52 (RS 6) to 7.87±0.55 (RS 4). This study showed that supplementation of lysine and DL-methionine in Roasted Soyabean based diet could improve growth performance of fish with no adverse effect on fish health
Trace Metals Accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus Inhabiting Chari River along the Banda Township in Chad
No full textThis study was undertaken to evaluate the trace metals in the fish Oreochromis niloticus inhabiting water of the Chari river, along the Banda township in the middle-Chari Province (Chad). Fishes were sampled at three sites along the river. Trace metals in fish meat were assessed through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results indicated that fish meat contents in Pb, Cd, Fe, Cr, Cu and Zn were ranged respectively from 0.482, 0.144, 0.632, 1.110, 1.479 and 4.465 mg/Kg in the dry season, compared to 0.545, 0.179, 0.624, 0.946, 2.917 and 1.813 mg/Kg in the wet season. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn was higher than 1, indicating that these heavy metals were indeed accumulated in Oreochromis niloticus. Copper was the most accumulated metal in fish meat during both campaigns. The source of accumulation of these trace metals in fishes was undoubtly from water, and was thought to originate either from the abusive utilization of phytosanitary inputs in agriculture or from nearby wastewater’s factories thrown into the Chari river. It is suggested appropriate controlled measures to be taken to decrease the trace metals pollution of the Chari river, and thereof that of the inhabiting fishes
Effect of Spirulina Flour Addition in Feed on the Increase of Colour Brightness Nemo Fish (Premnas biaculeatus)
No full textThe nemo fish (Premnas biaculeatus) is a type of marine ornamental fish in Indonesia that is in high demand among the general public. The popularity of this fish can be attributed to several factors, one of which is the brightness of its coloration. One of the plants that can be employed as a color enhancer for ornamental fish is spirulina. Spirulina is a microalgae that has been demonstrated to enhance the brightness of fish coloration. Therefore, it is necessary to research on the effect of adding spirulina flour to feed on increasing the brightness of the color of nemo fish (Premnas biaculeatus). The method used in this research is an experimental method with a completely randomized design. This treatment was carried out with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions, namely: P0 : 0%/kg, P1 : 2%/kg, P2 : 4%/kg, P3 : 6%/kg and P4 : 8%/kg. The 5 treatments were repeated 3 times, resulting in 15 experimental units. The results of the researches carried out, it can be concluded that the addition of spirulina flour to feed on the brightness of the color of nemo fish (Premnas biaculeatus) is proven to increase the brightness of the color of nemo fish and the best treatment is p3 with a dose of 6%. The addition of spirulina flour to feed on the growth of length and absolute weight of nemo fish (Premnas biaculeatus) has a significant effect, while the survival rate has no significant effect
Evaluation of Growth Parameters in Post Larvae Catfish in Relation to Feed Types
No full textThe aim of this research is to evaluate growth parameters in post larvae catfish in relation to feed types. This study will analyze the trend for length of Claria gariepinus fed on commercial feed, maggot and zooplankton; analyze the trend of weight of Claria gariepinus fed on commercial feed, maggot and zooplankton; analyze the relationship between length and weight and; make forecasts for the length and weight of the fish fed on the specified feed types. Artificial reproduction of African Catfish (C geriepinus) was carried out using the hypophysation technique. Brood stocks were selected from centrally located parent stock holding ponds. Males and females were conditioned in separate ponds. The brood stocks were fed with 20% crude protein formulated feed, acclimatized for three weeks, then transferred into the hatchery holding tanks between 240 Celsius and 270 Celsius to stimulate ovulation after injecting the females with 0.5ml of ovalin. Fertilized eggs were incubated in continuous flow of water until hatching was completed. A commercial starter feed consisting of 8% ash, 6% fiber, 12% NFE, 1.5% calcium, 1.6% sodium, 1.5% phosphorous and sufficient amount of essential vitamins was administered to the larvae. Larvae were randomly distributed into 45 plastic tanks in a flow-through system at a density of 500 fish per tank. Fifteen fries were randomly selected from each holding tank and measurements on weight and length collected daily. Time series analysis and regression analysis were applied in the study. It was found that the length and weight of post larvae fed on mixed zooplankton was consistently lower than the other treatments. The length and weight of the fish fed on the three feed types were successfully modeled and forecasts made for future five periods while the relationship between length and weight was found to be significant on a linear regression model. This certainly adds value as the weight of post larvae catfish is measure with less difficulty and without causing injury or stress to the fish than measurement of length